The Progress of Invention in the Nineteenth Century. by Edward W. Byrn

CHAPTER XXXIII.

LIQUID AIR. Liquefaction of Gases by Northmore--1805, Faraday--1823, Bussy--1824, Thilorier--1834, and others. Liquefaction of Oxygen, Nitrogen and Air, by Pictet and Cailletet in 1877. Self-Intensification of Cold by Siemens in 1857, and Windhausen in 1870. Operations of Dewar, Wroblewski, and Olszewski. Self-Intensifying Processes of Solvay, Tripler, LindÃ©, Hampson, and Ostergren and Berger. Liquid Air Experiments and Uses.

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Chapter 1 Ch.1
CHAPTER I. Ch.2
CHAPTER II. Ch.3
CHAPTER III. Ch.4
CHAPTER IV. Ch.5
CHAPTER V. Ch.6
CHAPTER VI. Ch.7
CHAPTER VII. Ch.8
CHAPTER VIII. Ch.9
CHAPTER IX. Ch.10
CHAPTER X. Ch.11
CHAPTER XI. Ch.12
CHAPTER XII. Ch.13
CHAPTER XIII. Ch.14
CHAPTER XIV. Ch.15
CHAPTER XV. Ch.16
CHAPTER XVI. Ch.17
CHAPTER XVII. Ch.18
CHAPTER XVIII. Ch.19
CHAPTER XIX. Ch.20
CHAPTER XX. Ch.21
CHAPTER XXI. Ch.22
CHAPTER XXII. Ch.23
CHAPTER XXIII. Ch.24
CHAPTER XXIV. Ch.25
CHAPTER XXV. Ch.26
CHAPTER XXVI. Ch.27
CHAPTER XXVII. Ch.28
CHAPTER XXVIII. Ch.29
CHAPTER XXIX. Ch.30
CHAPTER XXX. Ch.31
CHAPTER XXXI. Ch.32
CHAPTER XXXII. Ch.33
CHAPTER XXXIII. Ch.34
CHAPTER XXXIV. Ch.35
CHAPTER XXXV. Ch.36
CHAPTER I. Ch.37
CHAPTER II. Ch.38
CHAPTER III. Ch.39
1800. Galvani discovered that a frog’s legs would exhibit violent Ch.40
CHAPTER IV. Ch.41
CHAPTER V. Ch.42
CHAPTER VI. Ch.43
CHAPTER VII. Ch.44
1885. A struggle then began in the courts, which on October 4, 1892, Ch.45
CHAPTER VIII. Ch.46
CHAPTER IX. Ch.47
CHAPTER X. Ch.48
CHAPTER XI. Ch.49
1826. The Pacific Railway, the first of our half a dozen Ch.50
CHAPTER XII. Ch.51
107. The same year Oliver Evans used a stern paddle wheel boat on the Ch.52
108. She then appeared as a side wheel steamer, whose wheels were Ch.53
CHAPTER XIII. Ch.54
CHAPTER XIV. Ch.55
140. The Caligraph uses a separate type lever and key for each letter, Ch.56
introduction a few years ago, its growth in popularity has been very Ch.57
CHAPTER XV. Ch.58
introduction of the sewing machine into the shoe industry made a new era Ch.59
CHAPTER XVI. Ch.60
151. McCormick’s last named patent also covered the arrangement of the Ch.61
1840. 1850. 1860. 1870. 1880. Ch.62
CHAPTER XVII. Ch.63
1830. He dissolved the gum in spirits of turpentine and invented Ch.64
CHAPTER XVIII. Ch.65
CHAPTER XIX. Ch.66
introduction of the roller mill and middlings purifier. Formerly two Ch.67
CHAPTER XX. Ch.68
175. The endoscope, for looking into the urethra, and the cystoscope, Ch.69
CHAPTER XXI. Ch.70
181. In 1868-’69 machines of this type went extensively into use. Ch.71
CHAPTER XXII. Ch.72
1887. An illustration of the gramophone recorder is given in Fig. 193. Ch.73
CHAPTER XXIII. Ch.74
CHAPTER XXIV. Ch.75
205. The “Premo” is arranged for either snap-shot or time exposure, is Ch.76
introduction it was not possible to reproduce cheaply in printers’ ink Ch.77
CHAPTER XXV. Ch.78
CHAPTER XXVI. Ch.79
CHAPTER XXVII. Ch.80
1841. An early example of it is also given in Cochrane’s British patent Ch.81
introduction of rock drills operated by compressed air, which trebled Ch.82
1841. When an oil well ceases to flow, it is rejuvenated by being Ch.83
CHAPTER XXVIII. Ch.84
1887. The value of the steam feed was to increase the speed and Ch.85
CHAPTER XXIX. Ch.86
introduction of the hot air blast in forges and furnaces where bellows Ch.87
CHAPTER XXX. Ch.88
introduction of the percussion cap, which exploded the charge by a blow, Ch.89
CHAPTER XXXI. Ch.90
1775. Arkwright’s spinning machine is shown in Fig. 286, the drawing Ch.91
1880. The distinguishing feature of this is that the shuttle is not Ch.92
CHAPTER XXXII. Ch.93
294. A tank _a_ is filled with water to be frozen or cooled. A Ch.94
CHAPTER XXXIII. Ch.95
1. Magnetism of oxygen. 2. Steel burning in liquid oxygen. 3. Frozen Ch.96
10. Frozen mercury. 11. Liquid oxygen in water. 12. Frozen whisky. 13. Ch.97
CHAPTER XXXIV. Ch.98
CHAPTER XXXV. Ch.99