The Life of John Marshall, Volume 4: The building of the nation, 1815-1835

---- _See_ Curtis, George Ticknor; Harvey, Peter; Lanman, Charles; Lodge, Henry Cabot; Wilkinson, William Cleaver. WENDELL, JOHN LANSING, _reporter_. Reports of Cases argued and determined in the Supreme Court of Judicature ... of the State of New York. 26 vols. Albany. 1829-42. WHEATON, HENRY. A Digest of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1789 to February Term, 1820. New York. 1821. ---- Elements of International Law, with a Sketch of the History of the Science. Philadelphia. 1836. ---- Some Account of the Life, Writings, and Speeches of William Pinkney. Philadelphia. 1826. (Wheaton: _Pinkney_.) WHEATON, HENRY, _reporter_. Reports of Cases argued and adjudged in the Supreme Court of the United States, 1816-27. 12 vols. Philadelphia. 1816-27. (Wheaton.) WILKINSON, WILLIAM CLEAVER. Daniel Webster: A Vindication. New York. 1911. WILSON, HENRY. Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in America. 3 vols. Boston. 1872. WIRT, WILLIAM. _See_ Kennedy, John Pendleton. _World's Work._ GENERAL INDEX GENERAL INDEX Abel, Anne H., monograph on Indian consolidation, =4=, 541 _n._ Adair, John, and Burr Conspiracy, =3=, 291, 292, 314; career, 292 _n._, 336 _n._; Wilkinson's letter to, 314, 336; arrested by Wilkinson, 335, 336, 337 _n._; suit against Wilkinson, 336 _n._; brought to Baltimore, released, 344; statement, 488 _n._; and Green _vs._ Biddle, =4=, 381. Adams, Abijah, trial, =3=, 44-46. Adams, Henry, on M. in Jonathan Robins case, =2=, 458; on Pickering impeachment, =3=, 143; on isolation of Burr, 280; on Burr and Merry, 289; on American law of treason, 401 _n._; on impressment, =4=, 8 _n._; on causes of War of 1812, 29 _n._ Adams, John, on drinking, =1=, 23 _n._; library, 25; on Philadelphia campaign, 102; belittles Washington (1778), 123 _n._; story of expected kingship, 291; on American and French revolutions, =2=, 2 _n._; and title for President, 36; on Hamilton's financial genius, 61 _n._; and policy of neutrality, 92; M. on, 214; on M., 218; address to Congress on French affairs (1797), French demand of withdrawal of it, 225, 226, 316; appointment of X. Y. Z. Mission, 226-29; and X. Y. Z. dispatches, 336, 338; offers M. Associate Justiceship, 347, 378, 379; Federalist toast to, 349 _n._; statement of French policy (1798), 351; and M.'s journal of mission, 366; M. on foreign policy, 403; and prosecutions under Sedition Law, 421; reopening of French negotiations, political result, 422-28; pardons Fries insurrectionists, political effect, 429-31, =3=, 36; absence from Capital, =2=, 431, 493; address to Congress (1799), 433; M.'s reply of House, 433-36; Jonathan Robins case, 458-75; disruption of Cabinet, 485-88; temperament contrasted with Washington's, 486, 488; appointment of M. as Secretary of State, 486, 489-93; Republican comment on reorganized Cabinet, 491, 494; pardon of Williams, 495; and Bowles in Florida, 497; and British debts dispute, 503, 505; and possible failure of new French negotiations, 522; M. writes address to Congress (1800), 530, 531; eulogy by _Washington Federalist_, 532 _n._; and enlargement of Federal Judiciary, 547; and Chief Justiceship, appointment of M., 552-54, 558; continues M. as Secretary of State, 558; midnight appointments, 559-62, =3=, 57, 110; magnanimous appointment of Wolcott, =2=, 559, 560; Jefferson and midnight appointments, =3=, 21; Republican seditious utterances, 30, 33, 37, 42 _n._; and subpoena, 33, 86; and partisan appointments, 81; on Bayard's Judiciary speech (1802), 82; on John Randolph, 171; and Chase, 211 _n._; and M's biography of Washington, 257; on his situation as President, 258 _n._; biography of Washington on, 263 _n._; on Embargo controversy, =4=, 15; on banking mania, 176, 178; in Massachusetts Constitutional Convention (1820), 471. _See also_ Elections (1800). Adams, John Q., Publicola papers, =2=, 15-19; on vandalism of French Revolution, 32 _n._; on American support of French Revolution, 39; on economic division on policy of neutrality, 97 _n._; on dangers of war with England (1795), 110 _n._, 112 _n._; on necessity of neutrality, 119 _n._; Minister to Prussia, 229 _n._; on France and American politics, 279 _n._; on Washington streets (1818), =3=, 5; on Federalist defeat, 12; on impeachment plans (1804), 157-60, 173; on impeachment of Pickering, 166, 167; on articles of impeachment against Chase, 172; on Chase trial, 190 _n._, 191 _n._; on Randolph's speech at trial, 216 _n._; votes to acquit Chase, 218; on Burr's farewell address, 274 _n._; on Wilkinson, 341 _n._; on Eaton's story on Burr, 345; on Swartwout and Bollmann trial, 346; report on Burr conspiracy and trial, 541-44; report and courtship of administration, 541 _n._; later support of M., 542 _n._; on Giles's speech on report, 544; and Yazoo claims, attorney in Fletcher _vs._ Peck, 582, 585, 586; and Justiceship, =4=, 110; on crisis of 1819, 205; M. and election of 1828, 462-65; on Georgia-Cherokee controversy, 543. Adams, Mrs. John Q., drawing room, =4=, 461. Adams, Samuel, and Ratification, =1=, 348. Adams, Thomas, sedition, =3=, 44. Addison, Alexander, charge on Sedition Act, =2=, 385 _n._; and British precedents, =3=, 28 _n._; as judge, denounces Republicans, 46; on the stump, 47; on declaring acts void, 117; impeachment, 164. Admiralty, M. on unfairness of British courts, =2=, 511, 512; Story as authority, =4=, 119; jurisdiction in Territories, 142-44. _See also_ International law; Prize. _Adventure_ and Her Cargo case, =4=, 119. Agriculture, M. on French (1797), =2=, 267; M.'s interest, =4=, 63. Albany Plan, =1=, 9 _n._ Alexander, James, and Burr conspiracy, arrested, =3=, 334; freed, 343. Alexandria, Va., tribute to M., =4=, 592. _Alexandria Advertiser_, campaign virulence (1800), =2=, 529 _n._ Alien and Sedition Acts, fatality, =2=, 361; provisions, 381; Hamilton on danger in, 382; Federalist attempts to defend, 382; Republican assaults, unconstitutionality, 383; Washington's defense, 384, 385; Addison's charge, 385; M.'s views of expediency, 386, 388, 389, 577; Federalists and M.'s views, 389-94, 406; M. on motives of Virginia Republicans, 394, 407; Jefferson's plan of attack, 397, 399; Kentucky Resolutions, 397-99; Virginia Resolutions, 399, 400; Madison's address of Virginia Legislature, 400, 401; M.'s address of the minority of the Legislature, 402-06; M. on constitutionality, 404; Virginia military measures, 406, 408; prosecutions, conduct of Federalist judges, 420, 421, =3=, 29-43, 86, 189-96, 202-05, 214; repeal of section, M.'s vote, =2=, 451; as issue (1800), 520, 521; State trials, =3=, 43-47; resulting issues, 47-49; M.'s position quoted by Republicans, 106. Allbright, Jacob, testimony in Burr trial, =3=, 425-27, 465, 488. Allegiance. _See_ Expatriation; Naturalization. Allen, Nathaniel, Granville heirs case, =4=, 154. Alston, Aaron Burr, death, =3=, 538 _n._ Alston, Joseph, at trial of Burr, =3=, 479, 481. Alston, Theodosia (Burr), and trial of father, =3=, 381, 479; death, 538 _n._ Ambler, Edward, courtship, =1=, 150 _n._; country place, 164 _n._ Ambler, Eliza, on Arnold's invasion, =1=, 144 _n._ _See also_ Carrington, Eliza. Ambler, Jacquelin, career, =1=, 149, 160; and M., 170; and M.'s election to Council of State, 209 _n._; M.'s neighbor, =2=, 172. Ambler, John, wealth, =1=, 166; marries M.'s sister, 166 _n._; grand juror on Burr, =3=, 413 _n._ Ambler, Mary Willis, family, =1=, 148-50; meeting with M., 151, 152; courtship, 153, 159, 160, 163; marriage, 165, 166. _See also_ Marshall, Mary W. Ambler, Richard, immigrant, =1=, 165. _Amelia_ case, =3=, 16, 17. Amendment of constitutions, M.'s idea, =1=, 216. Amendment of Federal Constitution, demand for previous, =1=, 245, 405, 412, 418, 423, 428; expected, 251; proposed by Massachusetts, 348; Randolph's support of recommendatory, 377, 378; method, in Ratification debate, 389; Virginia contest over recommendatory, 468-75; character of Virginia recommendations, 477; history of first ten amendments, =2=, 57-59; Eleventh, 84 _n._, =3=, 554, =4=, 354, 385, 387-91; proposals caused by Jay Treaty, =2=, 141-43; Twelfth, 533 _n._; proposed, on removal of judges, =3=, 167, 221, 389; proposed, for recall of Senators, =3=, 221; proposed, to restrict appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court, =4=, 323, 325, 371, 378; proposed, to limit judicial tenure, 517 _n._ American Academy of Arts and Sciences, M.'s membership, =4=, 89. American Colonization Society, M. and, =4=, 473-76. American Insurance Co. _vs._ Canter, right of annexation, territorial government, =3=, 148 _n._, =4=, 142-44. American Philosophical Society, M.'s membership, =4=, 89. American Revolution, influence of Bacon's Rebellion and Braddock's defeat, =1=, 6, 9; Virginia and Stamp Act, 61-65; Virginia Resolutions for Arming and Defense (1775), 65, 66; preparation in back-country Virginia, 69-74; Dunmore's Norfolk raid, battle of Great Bridge, 74-79; condition of the army, militia, 80-88, 92; effect of State sovereignty, 82, 88-90, 100, 146; Brandywine campaign, 92-98; campaign before Philadelphia, 98-102; Germantown, 102-04; desperate state, 104, 105; final movements before Philadelphia, 105-07; efforts to get Washington to abandon cause, 105, 130, 131; Philadelphia during British occupation, 108-10; Valley Forge, 110-20, 131; treatment of prisoners, 115; Washington as sole dependence, 121, 124; Conway Cabal, 121-23; Washington and weakness of Congress, 124-26, 131; Jefferson accused of shirking, 126-30; French alliance, relaxing effect, 133, 138, 143; Monmouth campaign, 134-38; Stony Point, 138-42; Pawles Hook, 142; Arnold in Virginia, Jefferson's conduct, 143; depreciated currency and prices, 167-69; influence on France, =2=, 1; M.'s biography of Washington on, =3=, 244, 245, 253-56. _See also_ Continental Congress. Ames, Fisher, on democratic societies, =2=, 40; on contest over funding, 61 _n._; on contest over National Capital, 63 _n._; on lack of national feeling, 67, 74; on Republican discipline, 81; on British-debts cases, 83 _n._; on crisis with England (1794), 109; on Giles, 129; and M. (1796), 198, 199; on effect of X. Y. Z. dispatches, 341; attack on M.'s views of Alien and Sedition Acts, 390; on reopening of French negotiations, 423, 426-28; on Adams's temperament, 489 _n._; on Adams's advances to Republicans (1800), 519; on advance of Republicans, 519; on attack on standing army, 520 _n._; on character of parties, 521 _n._; opposition to Adams, 527; on campaign virulence of newspapers, 530; on resumption of European war, =3=, 14; on Jefferson and Judiciary, 53; and secession, 53 _n._, 97, 98 _n._; on repeal of Judiciary Act, 94; on Louisiana Purchase, 150; on Chase impeachment, 174; on Yazoo lands, 568; as British partisan, =4=, 5; and M.'s logic, 85. Ames, Nathaniel, attack on Washington, =2=, 117 _n._ Amory, Rufus G., practitioner before M., =4=, 237 _n._ Amsterdam, decline of trade (1797), =2=, 233. Amusements, in colonial Virginia, =1=, 22; of period of Confederation, 283; M.'s diversions, =2=, 182-85, =4=, 66, 76-80. Anarchy, spirit, =1=, 275, 284, 285, 289; as spirit of Shays's Rebellion, 299, 300; Jefferson's defense, 302-04. _See also_ Government. Ancestry, M.'s, =1=, 9-18. Anderson, John E., pamphlet on Yazoo lands, =3=, 573 _n._ Anderson, Joseph, of Smith committee, =3=, 541 _n._ Anderson, Richard, and Mary Ambler, =1=, 164. André, John, in Philadelphia society, =1=, 110. Andrews, ----, and Jay Treaty, =2=, 132. Andrews, Robert, professor at William and Mary, =1=, 155 _n._ Annapolis Convention, and commercial regulation, =4=, 422. Annexation, constitutionality, =3=, 147, =4=, 143. _Antelope_ case, =4=, 476. Antwerp, trade (1797), =2=, 233; M. on conditions, 246, 247. Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court over State acts, =4=, 156-67, 347-57; proposed measures to restrict or repeal, 323, 325, 371, 379, 380, 514-17. _See also_ Declaring acts void; Supreme Court. Aristocracy, of colonial Virginia, =1=, 25-27; after the Revolution, 277. Armed Neutrality, M.'s biography of Washington on, =3=, 255. Armstrong, John, and Pickering impeachment, =3=, 168 _n._; and St. Cloud Decree, =4=, 37. Army, condition of Revolutionary, =1=, 80-86, 92; sickness, 86, 116; discipline, 87, 120; lack of training, 88 _n._; lack of equipment, 97, 99; at Valley Forge, 110-20, 131, 132; improved commissary, 133; Steuben's instruction, 133; size (1778), 138 _n._; light infantry, 139 _n._; arguments during Ratification on standing, 334, 342, 346, 389, 435, 477; Washington commands (1798), =2=, 357, =3=, 258 _n._; M. and officers for, =2=, 420; debate on reduction (1800), 436, 439, 476-81; as issue (1800), 520. _See also_ Preparedness. Arnold, Benedict, invasion of Virginia, =1=, 143; M.'s biography of Washington on, =3=, 255. Assumption of State debts, contest, =2=, 61-64; opposition in Virginia, 62, 65-69; question of constitutionality, 66; political results, 82. _Atalanta_ case, =4=, 142 _n._ Athletics, M.'s prowess, =1=, 73, 118, 132. Attainder, Philips case, =1=, 393, 398, 411. Attorney-General, M. declines office, =2=, 122, 123; Henry declines, 125; Breckenridge as, =3=, 58 _n._; Wirt as, =4=, 239. Augereau, Pierre F. C., and 18th Fructidor, =2=, 246 _n._ _Augusta Chronicle_, on Yazoo frauds, =3=, 561. _Aurora_, abuse of Washington, =2=, 162, 163; on M.'s appointment to X. Y. Z. Mission, 218, 219; and X. Y. Z. dispatches, 337, 338; on M.'s reception, 345, 351; on Addison's charge on Sedition Act, 385 _n._; Curtius letters on M., 395, 396; on pardon of Fries, 430 _n._; on M. and powers of territorial Governor, 446 _n._; and Disputed Elections Bill, 454; on Jonathan Robins case, 460, 471-73; on M.'s appointment as Secretary of State, 489-91; on the reorganized Cabinet, 491; attack on Pickering, 491 _n._; on new French negotiations, 522 _n._; campaign virulence (1800), 529 _n._; on Mazzei letter, 538 _n._; on Judiciary Bill, 549 _n._, 555, 561 _n._; on M.'s appointment as Chief Justice, 556; on Judiciary, =3=, 159 _n._; attack on M. during Burr trial, 532-35. Austen, Jane, M. as reader, =4=, 79. Babcock, Kendric C., on Federalists and War of 1812, =4=, 48 _n._ Bache, Benjamin F., attacks on Washington, =2=, 93 _n._ _See also_ _Aurora_. Bacon, John, and Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, =3=, 43; in Judiciary debate (1802), 91. Bacon's Rebellion, influence, =1=, 6. Bailey, Theodorus, resigns from Senate, =3=, 121 _n._ Baily, Francis, on hardships of travel, =1=, 264 _n._. Baker, John, Hite _vs._ Fairfax, =1=, 191, 193; Ware _vs._ Hylton, =2=, 188; counsel for Burr, =3=, 407. _Balaou._ _See_ _Exchange_. Baldwin, ----, sedition trial, =3=, 42 _n._ Baldwin, ----, and Missouri question, =4=, 325. Baldwin, Abraham, and Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 129. Baldwin, Henry, practitioner before M., =4=, 237 _n._; appointment to the Supreme Court, 510; and M., 582; and Briscoe _vs._ Bank and New York _vs._ Miln, 583; escort to M.'s body, 588. Ball, Burgess, on M. at Valley Forge, =1=, 120. Baltimore, in 1794, =1=, 263; and policy of neutrality, =2=, 94 _n._; proposed removal of Federal Capital to, =3=, 8; public tumult over Burr trial, 529, 535-40. Baltimore _Marylander_, on M. and election of 1828, =4=, 463. Bancroft, George, on M.'s biography of Washington, =3=, 270; on M., =4=, 90. Bangs, Edward, on Ratification contest, =1=, 341. Bank of the United States, first, Jefferson and Hamilton on constitutionality, =2=, 71-74; hostility in Virginia, 84; Virginia branch, 141; M.'s investment, 199, 200; as monopoly, =3=, 336, 338; success, =4=, 171; continued opposition, 171-73; failure of recharter, machinations of State banks, 173-76. Bank of the United States, second, charter, =4=, 179, 180; and Localism, 191; early mismanagement, 196; its demands on State banks and reforms force crisis, 197-99; early popular hostility, blamed for economic conditions, 198, 199, 206, 312; movement to destroy through State taxation, 206-08; attempt to repeal charter (1819), 288, 289; Bonus Bill, 417, 418; success and continued hostility to, 528, 529; Mason affair, 529; Jackson's war on, veto of recharter, 529-33; Biddle's conduct, 529 _n._; as monopoly, 531; as issue in 1832, 532 _n._, 533; M. on Jackson's war, 533, 535; Jackson's withdrawal of deposits, 535. _See also_ next title, and M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland; Osborn _vs._ Bank. Bank of the United States _vs._ Dandridge, =4=, 482, 483. Bank of Virginia, M. and, =2=, 174; political power, =4=, 174; refuses to redeem notes, 194. Banking, effects of chaos (1818), =4=, 170, 171; mania for State banks, their character and issues, 176-79, 181, 188; and war finances, 177, 179; and speculation, 181-84; frauds, 184, 185; resulting suits, 185, 198; lack of regulation, 186; private, 192; depreciation of notes, no specie redemption, 192-95; counterfeits, 195; Bank of the United States forces crisis, 197-99; distress, 204-06. _See also_ preceding titles. Bankruptcy, M. and National act, =2=, 481, 482; lax State laws and fraud, =4=, 200-03. _See also_ Ogden _vs._ Saunders; Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield. Bannister, John, resigns from Council of State, =1=, 209. Barbary Powers, M. and protection from, =2=, 499; general tribute to, 499 _n._; Eaton and war, =3=, 302 _n._, 303 _n._ Barbecue Club. _See_ Quoit Club. Barbour, James, grand juror on Burr, =3=, 413 _n._; counsel in Cohens _vs._ Virginia, =4=, 346; on Missouri question, 341. Barbour, Philip P., in debate on Supreme Court, =4=, 395; in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 484; in debate on State Judiciary, 494; in debate on suffrage, 502 _n._; appointment to Supreme Court, 584 _n._ Barlow, Joel, seditious utterances, =3=, 30; to write Republican history of the United States, 228, 229, 265, 266; and Decree of St. Cloud, =4=, 36, 50. Barrett, Nathaniel, and Ratification, =1=, 342, 349. Barron, James, _Chesapeake-Leopard_ affair, =3=, 475. Bartlett, Ichabod, counsel in Dartmouth College case, =4=, 234. Bassett, Richard, and Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 129. Bastrop lands. _See_ Washita. Batture litigation, =4=, 100-16. Bayard, James A., on hardships of travel, =1=, 260; on French Revolution, =2=, 32 _n._; and Jonathan Robins case, 460; on Adams's temperament, 488 _n._; opposition to Adams, 517 _n._; on Jefferson-Burr contest, 536, 545 _n._, 546 _n._; on Washington (1804), =3=, 5 _n._; on Federalists and Judiciary debate (1802), 71; in debate, 72, 79-83; appearance, 78; on bill on sessions of Supreme Court, 95, 96; on test of repeal of Judiciary Act, 123 _n._; on Jefferson and impeachment plan, 160; on Chase impeachment, 173; and Chase trial, 185 _n._; and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807), 347; on J. Q. Adams's Burr Conspiracy report, 544. Bayard _vs._ Singleton, =3=, 611. Bayly, Thomas M., on M., =4=, 489 _n._ Beard, Charles A., on character of Framers, =1=, 255 _n._ Beaumarchais, Pierre A. Caron de, mortgage on M.'s land, =2=, 173; American debt to, and X. Y. Z. Mission, 292-94, 310, 314 _n._, 317-20, 332, 366 _n._; history of debt, 292 _n._ Bedford, Gunning, Jr., in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, =3=, 115 _n._ Bee, Thomas, Jonathan Robins case, =2=, 458. Beer Co. _vs._ Massachusetts, =4=, 279 _n._ Begon, Dennis M., _Exchange_ case, =4=, 122. Belknap, Morris P., testimony in Burr trial, =3=, 490. Bell, Samuel, and Dartmouth College case, =4=, 234, 253 _n._ Bellamy, ----, as agent in X. Y. Z. Mission, =2=, 261-67, 272, 278, 293, 294. Bellamy, Joseph, and Wheelock, =4=, 227. Belligerency, of revolting provinces, =4=, 126-28. Bellini, Charles, professor at William and Mary, =1=, 155 _n._ Bentham, Jeremy, and Burr, =3=, 537 _n._ Benton, Thomas H., duelist, =3=, 278 _n._; counsel in Craig _vs._ Missouri, =4=, 512. Berkeley, Sir William, M. on, =3=, 242 _n._ Berlin Decree, =4=, 6 _n._ Berrien, John M., practitioner before M., =4=, 237 _n._ Beverly, Munford, grand juror on Burr, =3=, 413 _n._ Biddeford, Me., and Ratification, =1=, 340. Biddle, Nicholas, management of the Bank, =4=, 529; conduct, 529 _n._ Biddle, Richard. _See_ Green _vs._ Biddle. Bill of Rights, and Virginia's extradition act (1784), =1=, 238-41; and National Government, 239; contest over lack of Federal, 334, 439; first ten Federal amendments, =2=, 57-59. _See also_ Government. Bingham, William, wealth, =2=, 202 _n._ Binghamton Bridge case, =4=, 280 _n._ Biography of Washington, M. undertakes, financial motive, =2=, 211 _n._, =3=, 223, 224; importance in life of M., 223; estimate of financial return, negotiations with publishers, 224-27; agreement, 227, 228; delay in beginning, 227, 235; M.'s desire for anonymity, 228, 236, 237; Jefferson's plan to offset, 228, 229, 265, 266; solicitation of subscriptions, postmasters as agents, 230, 234; Weems as agent, popular distrust, 230-34, 252; small subscription, 235; list of subscribers, 235 _n._; financial problem, change in contract, 236, 250, 251; problems of composition, delay and prolixity, 236-39, 241, 246-49, 251; publication of first two volumes, 239; M. and praise and criticism, 240, 241, 245-47, 271; revised edition, 241, 247, 247 _n._, 272; character of first volumes, 242-45, 249; royalty, 247, 251; mistake in plan, compression of vital formative years, 249, 250, 258; volumes on American Revolution, 253-56; without political effect, 256, 257; character of final volume (1783-99), 257-65; Federalists on last volume, 265; Jefferson on biography, 265-69; other criticism, 269-71; edition for school-children, 273 _n._ Bishop, Abraham, pamphlet on Yazoo lands, =3=, 570. Bissel, Daniel, and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 361, 462. Black, George, practitioner before M., =4=, 237 _n._ Blackstone, Sir William, M. and Commentaries, =1=, 56. _Blackwood's Magazine_, on M.'s biography of Washington, =3=, 271. Blain, ----, and Attorney-Generalship, =2=, 132. Blair, John, Commonwealth _vs._ Caton, =3=, 611. Blair, John D., at Barbecue Club, =2=, 183. Bland, Theodoric, on Randolph's apostasy (1788), =1=, 378. Blennerhassett, Harman, beginning of Burr's connection, =3=, 291; joins enterprise, 301, 310, 313; newspaper letters, 311; island as center, gathering there, 324, 425-27, 484, 488-91; attack by militia, flight, 325; joins Burr, 361; indicted for treason, 465; on Martin's intemperance, 501 _n._; attempt to seduce, 514; _nolle prosequi_, 515, 524; on Wilkinson at trial, 523 _n._; on Jefferson's hatred of M., 525; commitment for trial in Ohio, 527; on M., 528, 531; and Baltimore mob, 538; Wirt's speech on, 616-18. _See also_ Burr Conspiracy. Blennerhassett, Mrs. Harman, warns Burr, =3=, 316. Blockade, M.'s protest on paper, =2=, 511. Blomfield, Samuel, =1=, 23 _n._ Bloomington, Ohio, bank (1820), =4=, 192 _n._ Boarding-houses at Washington (1801), =3=, 2, 7. Bollmann, Justus E., takes Burr's letter to Wilkinson, =3=, 307; career, 307 _n._ arrested, 332, 334; brought to Washington, 343; held for trial, 344-46; discharged by Supreme Court, 346-57; interview with Jefferson, Jefferson's violation of faith, 391, 392; question of evidence and pardon, 392, 430, 431, 450-54; not indicted, 466 _n._ Bonus Bill, Madison's veto, =4=, 418; further attempt, 419. Boone, Daniel, and British debts, =1=, 229 _n._ Boston, Jacobin enthusiasm, =2=, 35, 36; protest on Jay Treaty, 115, 116; Yazoo land speculation, =3=, 567. Boston _Columbian Centinel_. _See_ _Columbian Centinel_. _Boston Commercial Gazette_, on obligation of contracts, =3=, 558. _Boston Daily Advertiser_, on Dartmouth College case, =4=, 254 _n._, 255 _n._ _Boston Gazette_, on bribery in Ratification, =1=, 353 _n._; on French Revolution, =2=, 5. _Boston Gazette-Commercial and Political_, on Republican Party (1799), =3=, 12. _Boston Independent Chronicle_, on the Cincinnati, =1=, 293; on Publicola papers, =2=, 19; seditious utterances, =3=, 43-46; on repeal of Judiciary Act, 94, 99; on Marbury _vs._ Madison and impeachment, 112 _n._, 113 _n._ _Boston Palladium_, on repeal of Judiciary Act, =3=, 93; threatens secession, 97. Botetourt, Lord, fate of Virginia statue, =2=, 35. Botta, Carlo G. G., Jefferson on history, =3=, 266. Botts, Benjamin, counsel for Burr, =3=, 407; and motion to commit Burr for treason, 415, 424; on subpoena to Jefferson, 438; on overt act, 497-500; on popular hatred, 516. Boudinot, Elias, on Adams for Chief Justice, =2=, 554. Bowles, William A., M. and activity, =2=, 497-99. Bowman _vs._ Middleton, =3=, 612. Boyce, Robert, suit, =4=, 478. Boyce _vs._ Anderson, =4=, 478. Brackenridge, Hugh H., and Addison, =3=, 47 _n._ Braddock, Edward, defeat, =1=, 2-5; reputation, 2 _n._; effect of defeat on colonists, 5, 6, 9. Bradford, William, Attorney-General, death, =2=, 122, 123. Bradley, Stephen R., and Pickering impeachment, =3=, 168 _n._ at Chase trial, 183 _n._; votes to acquit Chase, 218, 219. Braintree, Mass., denounces lawyers, =3=, 23 _n._ Brandywine campaign, =1=, 93-98. Brearly, David, Holmes _vs._ Walton, =3=, 611. Breckenridge, John, and Kentucky Resolutions, =2=, 398, 398 _n._, =3=, 58 _n._; in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act of 1801, 58, 59, 66, 68-70; Attorney-General, 58 _n._ Brig Wilson _vs._ United States, =4=, 428, 429. Bright, Michael, and Olmstead case, =4=, 21. Brightwell, Theodore, and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 367. Brigstock, William, case, =2=, 464. Briscoe _vs._ Bank of Kentucky, facts, currency of State-owned bank, =4=, 582; equal division of Supreme Court, 583, 584; State upheld, Story voices M.'s dissent, 584 _n._ British debts, conditions and controversy in Virginia, =1=, 215, 223-31; amount in Virginia, 295 _n._; in Ratification debate, 441, 444, 464; before Federal courts, Ware _vs._ Hylton, =2=, 83, 186-92; in Jay Treaty, 114, 121 _n._; disruption of commission on, 500-02; M. on disruption and compromise, 502-05; settlement, =3=, 103. Brockenbrough, John, grand juror on Burr, =3=, 413 _n._; political control, =4=, 174; and redemption of his bank's notes, 194; and stock of Bank of the United States, 318. Brooks, John, and Ratification, =1=, 347 _n._ Broom, James M., and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 358. Brown, Adam, and Livingston steamboat monopoly, =4=, 411. Brown, Alexander. _See_ Brown _vs._ Maryland. Brown, Ethan A., counsel in Osborn _vs._ Bank, =4=, 385. Brown, Francis, elected President of Dartmouth, =4=, 229; and Kent, 258 _n._ Brown, Henry B., on Dartmouth College case, =4=, 280. Brown, John, of R.I., and slave trade (1800), =2=, 449. Brown, John, of Va. and Ky., on lack of patriotism (1780), =1=, 157; on Wythe as professor, 158; dinner to, =2=, 131 _n._; and Pickering impeachment, =3=, 168 _n._; Indiana Canal Company, 291 _n._; and Burr conspiracy, 292. Brown, Noah, and Livingston steamboat monopoly, =4=, 411. Brown _vs._ Maryland, facts, =4=, 454; counsel, 455; M.'s opinion, 455-59; State license on importers an import duty, 455-57; and a regulation of foreign commerce, 457-59; as precedent, 459, 460. Bruff, James, testimony in Burr trial, =3=, 523 _n._ Bryan, George, and Centinel letters, =1=, 335 _n._ Bryan, Joseph, and Randolph, =3=, 566. Buchanan, J., Barbecue Club, =2=, 183. Buchanan, James, and attack on Supreme Court, =4=, 515. Bullitt, William M., book of M.'s possessed by, =1=, 186 _n._ Burford, _ex parte_, =3=, 154 _n._ Burgess, John W., on revolutionary action of Framers, =1=, 323 _n._ Burke, Ædanus, and the Cincinnati, =1=, 293; shipwrecked, =3=, 55 _n._ Burke, Edmund, on French Revolution, =2=, 10-12. Burling, Walter, and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 329. Burnaby, Andrew, plea for reunion with England, =1=, 130, 131. Burr, Aaron, and X. Y. Z. Mission, =2=, 281; suppresses Wood's book, 380 _n._; and Hamilton's attack on Adams, 528; character, and appearance, 535, =3=, 371, 372; presides over Senate, 67; and repeal of Judiciary Act, personal effect, 67, 68 _n._, 279; and Pickering impeachment, 168 _n._; arranges Senate for Chase trial, 179 _n._; as presiding officer of trial, 180, 183, 218, 219; effort of Administration to conciliate, 181; farewell address to Senate, 274; plight on retirement from Vice-Presidency, 276-78, 285; Hamilton's pursuit, 277 _n._; the duel, 278 _n._; Jefferson's hostility, isolation, 279, 280; toast on Washington's birthday, 280; candidacy for Governor, 281; and Federalist secession plots, 281; and Manhattan Company charter, 287 _n._; gratitude to Jackson, 405; later career, 537 _n._, 538 _n._; and Martin, 538 _n._; death, monument, 538 _n._; report on Yazoo lands, 570. _See also_ Burr Conspiracy; Elections (_1800_). Burr, Levi, _ex parte_, =3=, 537 _n._ Burr conspiracy, and life of M., =3=, 275; Burr's plight on retirement from Vice-Presidency, 276-78; Jefferson's hostility and isolation of Burr, 279-81; Burr and Federalist Secessionists, 281; West and Union, 282-84; popular desire to free Spanish America, 284, 286; expected war with Spain, 285; West as field for rehabilitation of Burr, 286; his earlier proposal to invade Spanish America, 286; Burr's intrigue with Merry, real purpose, 287-90, 299; first western trip, 290; conference with Dayton, 290; Wilkinson's connection, he proposes Mexican invasion, 290, 294, 297, 460; and Blennerhassett, 291; conference at Cincinnati, 291; in Kentucky, 291, 296; plan for Ohio River canal, 291 _n._; in Tennessee, Jackson's relationship, 292-96; Burr and Tennessee seat in House, 292; no proposals for disunion, 292, 297, 303, 312; invasion of Mexico, contingent on war, 292 _n._, 294-96, 298, 301-03, 306-09, 312, 313, 319, 460-62, 523, 527; settlement of Washita lands, 292 _n._, 303, 310, 312, 313, 314 _n._, 319, 324 _n._, 361 _n._, 362, 461, 462, 523, 527; Burr at New Orleans, 294, 295; disunion rumors, Spanish source, 296, 298, 299; Wilkinson plans to abandon Burr, 298, 300 _n._, 320; Casa Yrujo intrigue, purpose, 300, 300 _n._; and Miranda's plans, 300, 301, 306, 308; hopes, 301, 302; Wilkinson on frontier, expected to precipitate war, 302, 307, 308, 314; Burr requests diplomatic position, 302; Burr's conferences with Truxton and Decatur, 302, 303; and with Eaton, Eaton's report of it, 303-05, 307, 345; Jefferson and reports of plans, 305, 310, 315, 317, 323, 338 _n._; Burr's letter to Jackson for military preparation, 306; Burr begins second journey, 307, 309; cipher letter to Wilkinson by Swartwout and Bollmann, 307-09, 614, 615; Morgan visit, report of it to Jefferson, 309, 310; Blennerhassett's enthusiasm, his newspaper letters mentioning disunion, 310, 311; gathering at his island, 311, 324, 325, 425-27, 484, 488-91; recruits, 311, 313, 324, 326, 360; Wilkinson's letters to Adair and Smith, 314; renewal of disunion reports, 315, 316; Burr denies disunion plans, 316, 318 _n._, 319, 326; arrest and release of Burr in Kentucky, 317-19; Administration's knowledge of Burr's plans, 318 _n._; Wilkinson and Swartwout, 320, 465; Wilkinson's revelations to Jefferson, 321-23, 334, 341, 352-56; Jefferson's action on revelations, proclamation against expedition, 324, 327; seizure of supplies, 324; militia attack on Blennerhassett's island, flight of gathering there, 325; Burr afloat, 326, 360-62; popular belief in disunion plan, 327; Wilkinson's pretended terror, 328; his appeal for funds to Viceroy, 329; and to Jefferson, 330; his reign of terror at New Orleans, 330-37; Jefferson's Annual Message on, 337; mystery and surmises at Washington, 338; House demand for information, 339; Special Message declaring Burr guilty, 339-41; effect of message on public opinion, 341; Wilkinson's prisoners brought to Washington, 343, 344; Swartwout and Bollmann held for trial, 344-46; payment of Eaton's claim, 345 _n._; Supreme Court writ of habeas corpus for Swartwout and Bollmann, 346; attempt of Congress to suspend privilege of writ, 346-48; discharge of Swartwout and Bollmann, M.'s opinion, 348-57; constitutional limitation of treason, 349-51; necessity of overt act, 351, 442; presence at overt act, effect of misunderstanding of M.'s opinion, 350, 414 _n._, 484, 493, 496, 502, 504-13, 540, 619-26; lack of evidence of treasonable design, 353-56, 377-79, 388; Judiciary and Administration and public opinion, 357, 376, 388; House debate on Wilkinson's conduct, 358-60; Burr's assembly on island at mouth of Cumberland, 361; boats, 361 _n._; Burr in Mississippi, grand jury refuses to indict him, 363-65; release refused, flight and military arrest, 365-68, 374; taken to Richmond, 368-70; M.'s warrant for civil arrest, 370; preliminary hearing before M., 370, 372, 379; Burr and M. contrasted, 371, 372; bail question, 372, 379, 380, 423, 424, 429, 516; Burr's statement at hearing, 374; M.'s opinion, commits for high misdemeanor only, 375-79; M.'s conduct and position at trials, 375, 397, 404, 407, 408, 413 _n._, 421, 423, 480, 494, 517, 526; public opinion, appeal to it, Jefferson as prosecutor, 374, 379-91, 395-97, 401, 406, 411, 413, 414, 416-22, 430-32, 435, 437, 439, 441, 471, 476, 477, 479, 480, 497 _n._, 499, 499 _n._, 503, 516 _n._; M.'s reflection on Jefferson's conduct, 376; collection of evidence, time question, 378, 385-90, 415, 417, 418, 425, 473; Wilkinson's attendance awaited, 383, 393, 415, 416, 429, 431, 432, 440; supposed overt acts, 386 _n._; money spent by Administration, 391, 423; Jefferson's violation of faith with Bollmann, 391, 392; pardons for informers, 392, 393; Dunbaugh's evidence, 393, 427, 462, 463; development of Burr support at Richmond, 393, 415, 470, 478, 479; M. and Burr at Wickham's dinner, 394-97; appearance of court, crowd, 398-400; M. on difficulty of fair trial, 401; Jackson's denunciation of Jefferson and Wilkinson, 404, 405, 457; Burr's conduct and appearance in court, 406, 408, 456, 457, 479, 481, 499, 518; Burr's counsel, 407, 428; prosecuting attorneys, 407; M. and counsel, 408; selection of grand jury, 408-13, 422; Burr's demand for equal rights, 413, 414, 418; instruction of grand jury, 413-15, 442, 451; Hay's reports to Jefferson, 415, 431; new motion to commit for treason, 415-29; Jefferson and publication of evidence, 422, 515; legal order of proof, 424, 484-87; conduct of Eaton at Richmond, 429; Bollmann and pardon, 430, 431, 450-54; demand for Wilkinson's letter to Jefferson, subpoena _duces tecum_, 433-47, 450, 454-56, 518-22; M.'s admonition to counsel, 439; M.'s statement on prosecution's expectation of conviction, 447-49; Wilkinson's arrival, conduct and testimony, just escapes indictment, 456, 457, 463, 464; testimony before grand jury, 458-65; indictment of Burr and Blennerhassett for treason and misdemeanor, 465, 466; other indictments, 466 _n._; attacks on Wilkinson, 471-75, 477; confinement of Burr, 474, 478, 479; selection of petit jury, 475, 481-83; M. seeks advice of Justices on treason, 480; Hay's opening statement, 484; testimony on Burr's expressions, 487, 488; on overt act, 488-91; argument of proof of overt act, 491-504; unprecedented postponement, 494; Wirt's famous passage, 497, 616-18; poison hoax, 499 _n._; irrelevant testimony, 512, 515, 542; attacks on M., threats of impeachment, Jefferson's Message, 500, 501, 503, 516, 525, 530-35, 540; judgment of law and fact, 500, 531; irregular verdict of not guilty, 513, 514; prosecution's advances to Blennerhassett and others, 514 _n._; _nolle prosequi_, 515, 524; reception of verdict in Richmond, 517; trial for misdemeanor, 522-24; commitment for trial in Ohio, 524, 527, 528, 531 _n._; Burr's anger at M., 524, 528; and Daveiss's pamphlet, 525; Burr on drawn battle, 527; prosecution dropped, 528; M. on trial, 530; Baltimore mob, 535-40; bibliography, 538 _n._; attempt to amend law of treason, 540; attempt to expel Senator Smith, Adams's report, 540-44. Burrill, James, Jr., on bankruptcy frauds, =4=, 202. Burwell, Rebecca, and Jefferson, =1=, 149. Burwell, William A., and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807), =3=, 348. Butchers' Union _vs._ Crescent City, =4=, 279 _n._ Butler, Elizur, arrest by Georgia, =4=, 548; pardoned, 552 _n._ _See also_ Worcester _vs._ Georgia. Byrd, William, library, =1=, 25. Cabell, Benjamin W. S., in Virginia Constitutional Convention, =4=, 500. Cabell, Joseph, at William and Mary, =1=, 159. Cabell, Joseph C., grand juror on Burr, =3=, 413 _n._; on Swartwout, 465. Cabell, William, at William and Mary, =1=, 159; in the Legislature, 203; and Henry-Randolph quarrel, 407 _n._ Cabell, William H., opinion in Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee, =4=, 158-60. Cabinet, dissensions in Washington's, =2=, 82; changes in Washington's, his offers to M., 122-25, 147; disruption of Adams's, 485-88; M.'s appointment as Secretary of State, 486, 489-91, 493; Republican comment on Adams's reorganized, 491; salaries (1800), 539 _n._ Cabot, George, on democratic clubs, =2=, 38; on policy of neutrality, 94 _n._; and M. (1796), 198; on Gerry, 364, 366; on M.'s views on Alien and Sedition Acts, 391-93; on reopening of French negotiations, 424, 426; on M. in Congress, 432; on Adams and Hamiltonians, 488; on M. as Secretary of State, 492; opposition to Adams, 517 _n._; in defeat, =3=, 11; on Republican success, 11; political character, 11 _n._; on attack on Judiciary, 98; on protest on repeal of Judiciary Act, 123 _n._; on Louisiana Purchase, 150; and secession, 152; and Hartford Convention, =4=, 52; and Story, 98. Calder _vs._ Bull, =3=, 612. Caldwell, Elisha B., Supreme Court sessions in house, =4=, 130. Calhoun, John C., and War of 1812, =4=, 29; Bonus Bill, 417; Exposition, 538; and non-intercourse with tariff States, 538 _n._ Call, Daniel, as lawyer, =1=, 173; M.'s neighbor, =2=, 171; counsel in Hunter _vs._ Fairfax's Devisee, =4=, 151. Callender, James T., on M.'s address (1798), =2=, 405; on M.'s campaign, 409; later attacks on M., 541 _n._, 556, 560 _n._; trial for sedition, =3=, 36-41, 189-96, 202-05, 214; proposed public appropriation for, 38 _n._; popular subscription, 38 _n._; pardoned, 40 _n._ Camillus letters, =2=, 120. Campbell, Alexander, as lawyer, =1=, 173; and Richmond meeting on Jay Treaty, =2=, 151, 152; Ware _vs._ Hylton, 188, 189, 192; Hunter _vs._ Fairfax's Devisee, 207; in Virginia Constitutional Convention, =4=, 501 _n._ Campbell, Archibald, as M.'s instructor, =1=, 57; as Mason, =2=, 176. Campbell, Charles, on frontier (1756), =1=, 7 _n._ Campbell, George W., argument in Chase trial, =3=, 198; on Burr conspiracy, 339. Campbell, William, in Virginia Constitutional Convention, =4=, 492. Campo Formio, Treaty of, M. on, =2=, 271; and X. Y. Z. Mission, 272, 273. Canal, Burr's plan for, on Ohio River, =3=, 291 _n._ _See also_ Internal Improvements. Canning, George, letter to Pinkney, =4=, 23. Capital, Federal, deal on assumption and location, =2=, 63, 64; proposed removal to Baltimore, =3=, 8. _See also_ District of Columbia; Washington, D.C. Capitol, of Virginia (1783), =1=, 200; Federal, in 1801, =3=, 1, 2; religious services there, 7 _n._; quarters for Supreme Court, 121 _n._ Card playing in Virginia, =1=, 177 _n._ Carlisle, Pa., Ratification riot, =1=, 334. Carr, Dabney, and Cherokee Indians controversy, =4=, 542. Carrington, Edward, supports Jay Treaty, =2=, 121; and M.'s advice on Cabinet positions, 124-26, 132; on Virginia and Jay Treaty, 131, 132, 134, 137, 138 _n._, 142, 143; inaccuracy of reports to Washington, 131 _n._; and Richmond meeting on Jay Treaty, 149, 154; M.'s neighbor, 171; verdict in Burr trial, =3=, 513, 514. Carrington, Eliza (Ambler), on Arnold's invasion, =1=, 144 _n._; on first and later impressions of M., 150-54; on Richmond in, 1780, 165; M.'s sympathy, 188; on prevalence of irreligion, 221; on attacks on M.'s character, =2=, 101, 102; on Mrs. Marshall's invalidism, 371 _n._; M.'s sister-in-law, =4=, 67 _n._ Carrington, Paul, as Judge, =1=, 173, =4=, 148; candidacy for Ratification Convention, =1=, 359. Carroll, Charles, opposition to Adams, =2=, 517 _n._; on Hamilton's attack on Adams, 528 _n._ Carter, John, and tariff, =4=, 384 _n._, 536. Carter, Robert, landed estate, =1=, 20 _n._; character, 21 _n._; library, 25. Cary, Mary, courtship, =1=, 150 _n._ Cary, Wilson M., on M.'s ancestry, =1=, 15. Casa Yrujo, Marqués de, and Burr, =3=, 289, 296 _n._, 300; on Wilkinson, 320 _n._ Cecil County, Md., and Burr trial, =3=, 479 _n._ Centinel letters in opposition to Federal Constitution, =1=, 335-37; probable authors, 335 _n._ Centralization. _See_ Nationalism. Chancery. _See_ Equity. Chandler, John, case, =3=, 130 _n._ Channing, Edward, on Washington, =1=, 121; on origin of Kentucky Resolutions, =2=, 398 _n._; on attacks on neutral trade, =4=, 7 _n._; on purpose of Orders in Council, 12 _n._; on Minister Jackson, 23 _n._; on causes of War of 1812, 29 _n._ Chapman, H., on opposition to Ratification, =1=, 338. Chapman, Nathaniel, on death of M., =4=, 588. Charleston, S.C., Jacobin enthusiasm, =2=, 35. Charters. _See_ Dartmouth College _vs._ Woodward. Chase, Samuel, and Adams, =2=, 495 _n._; and common-law jurisdiction, =3=, 28 _n._; conduct in sedition trials, 33, 36, 41; Fries trial, 35; on the stump, 47; on declaring acts void, 117, 612; House impeaches, 169; anti-Republican charge to grand jury, 169, 170; arousing of public opinion against, 171; articles of impeachment, 171, 172; despair of Federalists, 173; effect of Yazoo frauds on trial, 174; opening of trial, 175; arrangement of Senate, 179, 180; Burr as presiding officer, efforts of Administration to win him, 180-83; seat for Chase, 183; appearance, 184; career, 184 _n._, 185 _n._; counsel, 185; Randolph's opening speech, 187-89; testimony, 189-92; M. as witness, 192-96; Giles-Randolph conferences, 197; argument of Manager Early, 197; of Manager Campbell, 198; of Hopkinson, 198-200; indictable or political offense, 199, 200, 202, 207-13; arguments of Key and Lee, 201; of Martin, 201-06; trial as precedent, 201; trial as political affair, 206; argument of Manager Nicholson, 207-10; of Manager Rodney, 210-12; and Chief Justiceship, 211 _n._; argument of Manager Randolph, 212; Randolph's praise of M., 214-16; trial and secession, 217; vote and acquittal, 217-20; trial as crisis, 220; effect on Republicans, 220-22; on M., 222; Chase and Swartwout and Bollmann case, 349 _n._; and Fletcher _vs._ Peck, 585 _n._; death, =4=, 60. Chastellux, Marquis de, on William and Mary, =1=, 156 _n._; on hardships of travel, 262; on drinking, =2=, 102 _n._ Chatham, Earl of, fate of Charleston statue, =2=, 35. Checks and balances of Federal Constitution, Ratification debate on, =1=, 389, 417; and repeal of Judiciary Act of 1801, =3=, 60, 61, 65. _See also_ Division of powers; Government; Separation of powers; Union. Cherokee Indians, power, =3=, 553; origin of Georgia contest, =4=, 539, 540; Jackson's attitude, 540, 541, 547, 548, 551; first appeal to Supreme Court, 541; popular interest and political involution, 541, 548; and removal, 541; monograph on contest, 541 _n._; Tassels incident, Georgia's defiance of Supreme Court, 542-44; Cherokee Nation _vs._ Georgia, Georgia ignores, 544; M.'s opinion, Cherokees not a foreign nation, 544-46; M.'s rebuke of Jackson, 546; dissent from opinion, 546 _n._; origin of Worcester _vs._ Georgia, arrest of missionaries, 547, 548; Georgia refuses to appear before Court, 548; counsel, 549; M.'s opinion, no State control over Indians, 549-51; mandate of Court ignored, 551; final defiance of Court, Graves case, 552 _n._; removal of Indians, 552 _n._ Cherokee Nation _vs._ Georgia. _See_ Cherokee Indians. _Chesapeake-Leopard_ affair, Jefferson and, =3=, 475-77, =4=, 9. Chester, Elisha W., counsel in Worcester _vs._ Georgia, =4=, 549. Cheves, Langdon, and War of 1812, =4=, 29. Children, M.'s fondness for, =4=, 63. Chisholm _vs._ Georgia, =2=, 83 _n._, =3=, 554 _n._ Choate, Rufus, on Marbury _vs._ Madison, =3=, 101; on Webster's tribute to Dartmouth, =4=, 248. Choctaw Indians, power, =3=, 553. Christie, Gabriel, and slavery, =2=, 450. Church ----, and X. Y. Z. Mission, =2=, 254. _Cincinnati_, first steamboat, =4=, 403 _n._ Cincinnati, Order of the, popular prejudice against, =1=, 292-94. Cipher, necessity of use, =1=, 266 _n._ Circuit Courts, Supreme Court Justices in, =3=, 55, 56; rights of original jurisdiction, =4=, 386. _See also_ Judiciary; Judiciary Act of 1801. Circuit riders, work, =4=, 189 _n._ Citizenship, Virginia bill (1783), =1=, 208. _See also_ Naturalization. Civil rights, lack, =3=, 13 _n._ _See also_ Bill of Rights. Civil service, M. and office-seekers, =2=, 494; Adams and partisan appointments, =3=, 81; Jefferson's use of patronage, 81 _n._, 208. _See also_ Religious tests. Claiborne, William C. C., and election of Jefferson, reward, =3=, 81 _n._; and Wilkinson and Burr conspiracy, 326, 331, 363, 366; and Livingston, =4=, 102; and steamboat monopoly, 414. Clark, Daniel, and Burr, =3=, 294, 295; and disunion rumors, 296. Clark, Eugene F., acknowledgment to, =4=, 233 _n._ Clark, George Rogers, surveyor, =1=, 210 _n._; Indiana Canal Company, =3=, 291 _n._ Classes, in colonial Virginia, =1=, 25-28; after the Revolution, 277, 278. Clay, Charles, in Virginia Ratification Convention, =1=, 472. Clay, Henry, duelist, =3=, 278 _n._; and Burr conspiracy, 296, 318, 319 _n._; on Daveiss and Burr, 317 _n._; as exponent of Nationalism, =4=, 28, 29; as practitioner before M., 95, 135; and Green _vs._ Biddle, 376; counsel in Osborn _vs._ Bank, 385; in debate on Supreme Court, 395; Kremer's attack, 462 _n._; Randolph duel, 463 _n._; and report on M. and election of 1828, 464; and American Colonization Society, 474; and recharter of Bank of the United States, 530; Compromise Tariff, 574. Clayton, Philip, and Yazoo lands act, =3=, 547, 548. Clayton, Samuel, in Virginia Constitutional Convention, =4=, 501 _n._ _Clermont_, Fulton's steamboat, =4=, 401 _n._ Clinton, De Witt, presidential candidacy (1812), =4=, 47. Clinton, George, letter for second Federal convention, =1=, 379-81, 477, =2=, 49, 57 _n._; elected Vice-President, =3=, 197; defeats recharter of Bank of the United States, =4=, 176. Clopton, John, deserts Congress (1798), =2=, 340 _n._; candidacy (1798), 414. Clothing. _See_ Dress. Cobbett, William, on American enthusiasm over French Revolution, =2=, 5 _n._; as conservative editor, 30 _n._ Cockade, black, =2=, 343. Cocke, William, on Judiciary Act of 1801, =3=, 57 _n._; at Chase trial, 194. Cohens _vs._ Virginia, conditions causing opinion, its purpose, =4=, 342-44, 353; facts, 344, 345; as moot case, 343; counsel, argument, 346; M.'s opinion on appellate power, 347-57; statement of State Rights position, 347; supremacy of National Government, 347-49; Federal Judiciary as essential agency in this supremacy, 349-52; resistance of disunion, 352, 353; State as party, Eleventh Amendment, 354-56; hearing on merits, 357; Roane's attack on, 358, 359; rebuke of concurring Republican Justices, 358, 359; M. on attacks, 359-62; other Virginia attacks, 361 _n._; Jefferson's attack on principles, M. on it, 362-66, 368-70; attack as one on Union, 365; Taylor's attack on principles, 366-68. Coleman, _vs._ Dick and Pat, =2=, 180 _n._ Colhoun, John E., and repeal of Judiciary Act, =3=, 62 _n._, 72 _n._ College charters as contracts. _See_ Dartmouth College _vs._ Woodward. Collins, Josiah, Granville heirs case, =4=, 154. Collins, Minton, on economic division on Ratification, =1=, 313; on opposition to Ratification, 322. Colston, Rawleigh, purchase of Fairfax estate, =2=, 203 _n._, 204, =4=, 149, 150 _n._; M.'s debt, =3=, 224. _Columbian Centinel_, on Republicans (1799), =3=, 43; on Judiciary debate (1802), 65 _n._, 72 _n._, 99. Commerce, effects of lack of transportation, =1=, 262; Madison on need of uniform regulation, 312; Jefferson's dislike, 316; Federal powers in Ratification debate, 427, 477; foreign, and South Carolina negro seamen act, Elkison case, =4=, 382, 383; power to regulate, and internal improvements, 417; power over navigation, Brig Wilson _vs._ United States, 428, 429; doctrine of common carrier and transportation of slaves, 478. _See also_ Bankruptcy; Brown _vs._ Maryland; Communication; Economic conditions; Gibbons _vs._ Ogden; Internal improvements; Navigation acts; Neutral trade, New York _vs._ Miln; Slave trade; Tariff. Common carrier, doctrine, and transportation of slaves, =4=, 478. Common law, Federal jurisdiction, =2=, 549 _n._, =3=, 23-29, 30 _n._, 78, 84, 89. Commonwealth _vs._ Caton, =3=, 611. Communication, roads of colonial Virginia, =1=, 36 _n._; at period of Confederation and later, hardships of travel, 250, 255-64, =3=, 5 _n._, 55 _n._; lack as index of political conditions, =1=, 251, 255; sparseness of population, 264; mails, 264-67; character of newspapers, 267-70; conditions breed demagogism, 290-92; local isolation, =4=, 191. _See also_ Commerce. Commutable Act of Virginia, =1=, 207. Concurrent jurisdiction of Federal and State courts, =1=, 452. _See also_ Appellate jurisdiction. Concurrent powers, M.'s exposition in Ratification debate, =1=, 436; and State bankruptcy laws, =4=, 208-12; commercial, 409. Confederation, Washington on State antagonism, =1=, 206 _n._; effect of British-debts controversy, 228, 228 _n._; financial powerlessness, 232, 295-97, 304, 387, 388, 415-17; effort for power to levy impost, 233; debt problem, 233-35, 254; proposed power to pass navigation acts, 234, 235; social conditions during, 250-87; popular spirit, 253, 254; opportunity for demagogism, 288-92, 297, 309; Shays's Rebellion, 298-304; impotence of Congress, 305; prosperity during, 306; responsibility of masses for failure, 307; responsibility of States for failure, 308-10; antagonistic State tariff acts, 310, 311; economic basis of failure, 310-13; Jefferson on, 315; Randolph on, 377; Henry's defense, 388, 389, 399; M.'s biography of Washington on, =3=, 259-61. Congress, Ratification debate on character, =1=, 344, 416, 419, 422, 423; M. on discretionary powers (1788), 454; _First_: titles, =2=, 36; election in Virginia, 49, 50; amendments, 58, 59; funding, assumption, and National Capital, 59-64; Judiciary, =3=, 53-56; _Third_: Yazoo lands, 560, 569, 570; _Fourth_: Jay Treaty, =3=, 148, 155; Yazoo lands, =3=, 570; _Fifth_: Adams's address on French depredations, =2=, 225, 226; X. Y. Z. dispatches, 336, 338, 339; war preparations, 355; Alien and Sedition Acts, 381; Georgia's Western claims, =3=, 573; _Sixth_: M.'s campaign for, =2=, 374-80, 401, 409-16; M.'s importance to Federalists, 432, 436, 437; Adams's address at first session, 433; reply of House, 433-36; and presidential campaign, 438; and death of Washington, 440-45; M.'s activity, 445; cession of Western Reserve, 446; powers of territorial Governor, 446; insult to Randolph, 446; Marine Corps, 446-48; land grants for veterans, 448; and slavery, 449; Sedition Law, 451; M.'s independence, 451, 452; Disputed Election Bill, 452-58; Jonathan Robins case, 460-75; reduction of army, 476-81; Bankruptcy Bill, 481, 482; results of first session, 482; French treaty, 525; M. and Adams's address at second session, 530, 531; Jefferson-Burr contest, 532-47; Judiciary Bill, 548-52, =3=, 53, 56; reduction of navy, 458 _n._; Georgia cession, 574; _Seventh_: Judiciary in Jefferson's Message, 51-53; repeal of Judiciary Act of 1801, 58-92; Supreme Court, 94-97; _Eighth_: impeachment of Pickering, 164-68; Chase impeachment, 169-222; electoral vote counting, 197; Burr's farewell address, 274; Yazoo claims, 575-82; _Ninth_: Jefferson's Annual Message on Burr conspiracy, 337; demand for information and Special Message, 339; payment of Eaton's claim, 345 _n._; attempt to suspend habeas corpus, 346-48; Burr conspiracy debate, 357-60; non-importation, =4=, 9; _Tenth_: _Chesapeake-Leopard_ affair, =3=, 477; attempt to amend law of treason, 540; attempt to expel Senator Smith, 540-44; Embargo, =4=, 11, 13, 14, 22; Force Act, 16; non-intercourse, 22; _Eleventh_: Yazoo claims, =3=, 595-97; Jackson resolution, =4=, 24; Louisiana, 27; bank, 173-76; _Twelfth_: Yazoo claims, =3=, 597-600; war, =4=, 29; _Thirteenth_: Yazoo claims, =3=, 600; St. Cloud Decree resolution, =4=, 48; bank, 179; _Fourteenth_: bank, 180; salaries, 231 _n._; Bonus Bill, 417; _Fifteenth_: bank, 196 _n._, 288, 289; internal improvements, 418; _Sixteenth_: bankruptcy, 201, 302; Missouri, 340-42; _Seventeenth_: Judiciary, 371-79; _Eighteenth_: Judiciary, 379, 380, 394, 450, 451; internal improvements, 418-21; presidential election, 462 _n._; tariff, 536; _Nineteenth_: Supreme Court, 451-53; _Twentieth_: tariff, 537; _Twenty-first_: Supreme Court, 514-17; Cherokee Indians, 541; Hayne-Webster debate, 552-55; _Twenty-second_: Judiciary, 517 _n._; recharter of Bank, 529-33; river and harbor improvement, 534; tariff, 559, 567, 574. Conkling, Roscoe, resemblance to Pinkney, =4=, 133 _n._ Connecticut, Ratification, =1=, 325; cession of Western Reserve, =2=, 446, =3=, 578; and Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, 105 _n._; and Embargo, =4=, 17; and War of 1812, 48 _n._; and Livingston steamboat monopoly, 404. Connecticut Reserve, cession, =2=, 446; Granger's connection, =3=, 578. Conrad and McMunn's boarding-house, =3=, 7. Conscription, for War of 1812, =4=, 51. Conservatism, growth, =1=, 252, 253; M.'s extreme, =3=, 109, 265, =4=, 4, 55, 93, 479-83, 488. _See also_ Democracy; Nationalism; People. Consolidation. _See_ Nationalism. Constitution, question of amending Virginia's (1784), =1=, 216; attack on Virginia's (1789), =2=, 56 _n._; Massachusetts Convention (1820), =4=, 471. _See also_ Federal Constitution; Virginia Constitutional Convention. Continental Congress, denunciation by army officers, =1=, 90; flight, 102; and intrigue against Washington, 122, 123; decline, 124; Washington's plea for abler men and harmony, 124-26, 131. _See also_ Confederation. Contraband, in Jay Treaty and X. Y. Z. Mission, =2=, 306; M. on British unwarranted increase of list, 509-11. Contracts, obligation of, M.'s first connection with legislative franchise, =1=, 218; and with ideas of contract, 223, 224; in debate on Ratification, 428; M. on, as political factor under Confederation, =3=, 259-61; M. on (1806), and new National Government, 263; importance of M.'s expositions, 556, 593-95, =4=, 213, 219, 276-81; legal-tender violation, =3=, 557; origin of clause in Federal Constitution, 557 _n._, 558 _n._; effect of constitutional clause on public mind, 558; and repeal of Yazoo land act, 562, 563, 586; discussions of repeal, 571, 572; congressional debate on Yazoo claims, 575, 579, 580; M.'s interest in stability, 582; M.'s opinion in Fletcher _vs._ Peck, repeal of Yazoo act as impairment, 586-91; and corrupt legislation, 587; involved in Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield, =4=, 209, 212; meaning in Constitution, 213; contract of future acquisitions and insolvency laws, 214; not limited to paper money obligations, 214; not necessary to enumerate particular subjects, 215; humanitarian limitations, 215, 216; broad field without historical limitations, 216-18, 269, 271; New Jersey _vs._ Wilson, exemption of lands from taxation, 221-23; Dartmouth College case, right to change charter of public institution, 230 _n._, 235, 243; limitation to private rights, 234, 263; colleges as eleemosynary not civil corporations, 241-44, 247, 263, 264; Terrett _vs._ Taylor, private rights under grants to towns, 243 _n._, 246; precedents in Dartmouth College case, 245-47; college charters as contracts, 262; purpose of college does not make it public institution, 264; nor does act of incorporation, 265-68; rights of non-profiting trustees, 268, 269; and public policy, 270-72; as element in strife of political theories, 370; and Kentucky occupying claimant law, 375-77, 380-82; Ogden _vs._ Saunders, future, not violated by insolvency laws, 480; M.'s dissent, 481. Conway Cabal, =1=, 121-23. Cook, Daniel P., on Missouri question, =4=, 342. Cooke, ----, tavern at Raleigh, =4=, 65. Cooke, John R., in Virginia Constitutional Convention, =4=, 502 _n._ Cooper, Thomas, sedition trial, =3=, 33, 34, 86. Cooper, William, on Jefferson-Burr contest, =2=, 546 _n._ Cooper _vs._ Telfair, =3=, 612. Corbin, Francis, and calling of Virginia Ratification Convention, =1=, 245; in Ratification Convention; characterized, 396; in the debate, 396, 435; on detailed debate, 432; on badges of aristocracy, =2=, 78. Cornwallis, Earl of, Brandywine, =1=, 95. Corporations, M.'s definition, =4=, 265; M.'s opposition to State regulation, 479; presumptive authorization of agency, M.'s dissent, 482, 483. _See also_ Contracts. Correspondence, M.'s negligence, =1=, 183 _n._, =4=, 203 _n._ Cotton, effect of invention of gin, =3=, 555. Council of State of Virginia, M.'s election to, =1=, 209; as a political machine, 210, 217 _n._; M. forced out, 211, 212. Counterfeiting, of paper money, =1=, 297, =4=, 195. County court system of Virginia, political machine, =4=, 146, 147, 485-88; debate in Constitutional Convention on (1830), 491-93. Court days, as social event, =1=, 284. _See also_ Judiciary. Court martial, M. on jurisdiction, =2=, 447, 448. Coxe, Tench, on British depredations on neutral trade, =2=, 506 _n._ Craig, Hiram. See Craig _vs._ Missouri. Craig _vs._ Missouri, facts, State loan certificates, =4=, 509; M.'s opinion, certificates as bills of credit, 510-12; his reply to threat of disunion, 512; dissenting opinions, 513; and renewal of attack on Supreme Court, 514-17; repudiated, 584 _n._ Cranch, William, and trial of Swartwout and Bollmann, =3=, 344, 346. Crawford, Thomas H., and attack on Supreme Court, =4=, 515. Crawford, William H., and Yazoo frauds, =3=, 552; and recharter of first Bank of the United States, =4=, 174, 175; and Treasury portfolio (1825), 462 _n._; and American Colonization Society, 474. Creek Indians, power, =3=, 553. Crèvecoeur, Hector St. John de, on frontier farmers, =1=, 30 _n._ Crime, M. on jurisdiction over cases on high seas, =2=, 465-67; Federal punishment of common-law offenses, =3=, 23-29. _See also_ Alien and Sedition Acts; Extradition. Crisis of 1819, banking and speculation, =4=, 176-85; bank suits to recover loans, 185, 198; popular demand for more money, 186; character of State bank notes, 191-96; early mismanagement of second Bank of the United States, 196; its reforms and demands on State banks force crisis, 197-99; popular hostility to it, 198, 199, 206; lax bankrupt laws and frauds, 200-03; influence on M., 205; distress and demagoguery, 206; movement to destroy Bank of United States through State taxation, 206-08; M.'s decisions as remedies, 208, 220. _See also_ Dartmouth College _vs._ Woodward; M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland; Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield. Crissy, James, publishes biography of Washington, =3=, 273 _n._ Crouch, Richard, on M., =4=, 67 _n._ Crowninshield, Richard. See Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield. Culpeper County, Va., minute men, =1=, 69. Curtius letters on M.'s candidacy (1798), =2=, 395, 396; recalled, =3=, 534. Cushing, William, and Chief Justiceship, =3=, 121 _n._; Fletcher _vs._ Peck, 584, 585 _n._; death, =4=, 60, 106. Cushman, Joshua, on expansion, =4=, 342 _n._ Cutler, Manasseh, on Chase trial, =3=, 183 _n._, 212 _n._, 217 _n._, 221. Daggett, David, counsel in Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield, =4=, 209; on Holmes in Dartmouth College case, 253 _n._ Dallas, Alexander J., in Fries trial, =3=, 36; and Burr, 68 _n._; counsel in _Nereid_ case, =4=, 131. Dana, Edmund P., testimony in Burr trial, =3=, 491. Dana, Francis, and X. Y. Z. Mission, =2=, 227; sedition trial, =3=, 44-46; on declaring acts void, 117. Dana, Samuel W., Jonathan Robins case, =2=, 472, 475; in Judiciary debate (1802), =3=, 90, 91; on Chandler case, 130 _n._; and Eaton's report on Burr's plans, 305 _n._ Dandridge, Julius B., case, =4=, 482. Daniel, Henry, attack on Supreme Court, =4=, 515. Daniel, William, grand juror on Burr, =3=, 413 _n._ Dartmouth, Earl of, and Dartmouth College, =4=, 224. Dartmouth College _vs._ Woodward, origin of college, charter, =4=, 223-26; troubles, 226-29; political involution, 229; State reorganization and annulment of charter, 230, 231; rival administrations, 231-33; Story's relationship, 232, 243 _n._, 251, 252, 257, 259 _n._, 274, 275; counsel, 233, 234, 237-40, 259; case, 233; story of recruiting Indian students, 233 _n._; State trial and decision, 234-36; appeal to Supreme Court, lack of public interest there, 236; argument, 240-55; effort to place case on broader basis, 244, 251, 252; Webster's tribute to Dartmouth, 248-50; continued, 255; influences on Justices, Kent, 255-58, 258 _n._, 259 _n._; fees and portraits, 255 _n._; value of Shirley's book on, 258 _n._, 259 _n._; Pinkney's attempt to reopen, frustrated by M., 259-61, 274; M.'s opinion, 261-73; judgment _nunc pro tunc_, 273; later public attention, 275; far-reaching consequences, modern attitude, 276-81; recent discussions, 280 _n._ _See also_ Contracts. Daveiss, Joseph Hamilton, Federal appointment, =2=, 560 _n._; and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 315-19; middle name, 317 _n._; pamphlet, 525. Davis, ----, on "Hail, Columbia!" =2=, 343 _n._ Davis, David, on Dartmouth College case, =4=, 280. Davis, John, and M.'s candidacy for President, =4=, 33; identity, 34 _n._ Davis, Judge John, United States _vs._ Palmer, =4=, 126. Davis, Sussex D., anecdote of M., =4=, 83 _n._ Davis, Thomas T., in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, =3=, 74. Davis, William R., on Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 54; Granville heirs case, =4=, 154; report on Supreme Court, 515. Dawson, Henry B., on bribery in Massachusetts Ratification, =1=, 354 _n._ Dawson, John, in Virginia Ratification Convention, =1=, 470. Dawson's Lessee _vs._ Godfrey, =4=, 54 _n._ Dayson, Aquella, sells land to M., =1=, 196. Dayson, Lucy, sells land to M., =1=, 196. Dayton, Jonathan, support of Adams (1800), =2=, 518; in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, =3=, 67; and Pickering impeachment, 167, 168 _n._; and Burr conspiracy, 290, 291, 300, 308; career, 290 _n._; Indiana Canal Company, 291 _n._; _nolle prosequi_, 515; security for Burr, 517. Deane, Silas, and Beaumarchais, =2=, 292 _n._ Dearborn, Henry, and Ogden-Smith trial, =3=, 436 _n._ Debating at William and Mary, =1=, 158. Debts, spirit of repudiation of private, =1=, 294, 298; imprisonment for, =3=, 13 _n._, 15 _n._, =4=, 215, 216; and hostility to lawyers, =3=, 23 _n._; M. on political factor under Confederation, 259-61. _See also_ British debts; Contracts; Crisis of 1819; Finances; Public debts. Decatur, Stephen, and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 302, 303; at trial of Burr, testimony, 452, 458, 488 _n._; career and grievance, 458 _n._ Declaration of Independence, anticipated, =3=, 118; M.'s biography of Washington on, 244. Declaring acts void, Henry on, =1=, 429; M. on, in Ratification debate, 452, 453, =2=, 18; Jefferson's suppressed paragraph on (1801), =3=, 52; congressional debate on judicial right (1802), 60, 62, 64, 67-71, 73, 74, 82, 85, 87, 91; M.'s preparation for assertion of power, 104, 109; Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions and State Rights doctrine, 105-08; effect of this, 108; necessity of decision on power, 109, 131; problem of vehicle for assertion, 111, 121-24; dangers involved in M.'s course, 111-14; question in Federal Convention, 114-16; importance of Marbury _vs._ Madison, unique opportunity, 116, 118, 127, 131, 142; no new argument in it, M.'s knowledge of previous opinions, 116-20, 611-13; condition of Supreme Court as obstacle to M.'s determination, 120; dilemma of Marbury _vs._ Madison as vehicle, solution, 126-33; opinion on power in Marbury _vs._ Madison, 138-42; effect of decision on attacks on Judiciary, 143, 153, 155; Jefferson and opinion, 143, 144, 153; lack of public notice of opinion, 153-55; M. suggests legislative reversal of judicial opinions, 177, 178; bibliography, 613; M.'s avoidance in Federal laws, =4=, 117, 118; his caution in State laws, 261; Supreme Court action on State laws, 373, 377; proposed measures to restrict it, 378-80. _See also_ Judiciary; and, respecting State laws, Appellate jurisdiction; Contracts; Eleventh Amendment, and the following cases: Brown _vs._ Maryland; Cohens _vs._ Virginia; Craig _vs._ Missouri; Dartmouth College _vs._ Woodward; Fletcher _vs._ Peck; Gibbons _vs._ Ogden; Green _vs._ Biddle; M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland; Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee; New Jersey _vs._ Wilson; Osgood _vs._ Bank; Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield; Terrett _vs._ Taylor; Worcester _vs._ Georgia. Dedham, Mass., denounces lawyers, =3=, 23 _n._ Delaware, Ratification, =1=, 325. Delaware Indians, New Jersey land case, =4=, 221-23. Demagogism, opportunity and tales under Confederation, =1=, 290-92, 297, 309; J. Q. Adams on opportunity, =2=, 17; and crisis of, 1819, =4=, 206. _See also_ Government. Democracy, growth of belief in restriction, =1=, 252, 253, 300-02, 308; union with State Rights, =3=, 48; M.'s extreme lack of faith in, 109, 265, =4=, 4, 55, 93, 479-83, 488; chaotic condition after War of 1812, =4=, 170. _See also_ Government; People; Social conditions. Democratic Party, as term of contempt, =2=, 439 _n._, =3=, 234 _n._ _See also_ Republican Party. Democratic societies, development, =2=, 38; opposition and support, 38-41; decline, 41; and Whiskey Insurrection, 88; and Jay's negotiations, 113. Denmark, and Barbary Powers, =2=, 499. Dennison, ----, and Yazoo lands act, =3=, 547. De Pestre, Colonel, attempt to seduce, =3=, 515 _n._ Despotism, demagogic fear, =1=, 291; feared under Federal Constitution, 333; in Ratification debate, 352, 398, 400, 404, 406, 409-11, 417, 427, 428. Dexter, Samuel, and M. (1796), =2=, 198; Secretary of War, 485, 493, 494; _Aurora_ on, 492; seals M.'s commission, 557; and M.'s logic, =4=, 85; as practitioner before M., 95; counsel in Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee, 161; as court orator, 133. Dickinson, John, in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, =3=, 115 _n._ Dickinson, Philemon, and intrigue against Adams, =2=, 529 _n._ _Diligente, Amelia_ case, =3=, 16. Dinners, as form of social life in Richmond, =3=, 394; of Quoit Club, =4=, 77; M.'s lawyer, 78, 79. Direct tax, Fries's Insurrection and pardon, =2=, 429-31, 435, =3=, 34-36. _See also_ Taxation. Directory, M. declines mission to, =2=, 144-46; 18th Fructidor, 230, 245 _n._, 246 _n._; M. on it, 232, 236-44; M.'s analysis of economic conditions, 267-70; English negotiations (1797), 295; preparations against England (1798), 321, 322; need of funds, 322, 323. _See also_ Franco-American War; French Revolution; X. Y. Z. Mission. Discipline, in Revolutionary army, =1=, 87, 120. Disestablishment, Virginia controversy, =1=, 221, 222; in New Hampshire, =4=, 227, 230 _n._ Disputed Elections Bill (1800), =2=, 452-58. District-attorneys, United States, plan to remove Federalist, =3=, 21. District of Columbia, popular fear of, =1=, 291, 438, 439, 456, 477. _See also_ Capital; Washington, D.C. _Divina Pastora_ case, =4=, 128. Division of powers, arguments on, during Ratification, =1=, 320, 334, 375, 382, 388, 405, 438; supremacy of National powers, =4=, 293, 302-08, 347-49, 438. _See also_ Nationalism. Divorce, by legislation, =2=, 55 _n._ Doddridge, Philip, in Virginia Constitutional Convention, =4=, 502 _n._; on attack on Supreme Court, 515. Domicil in enemy country, enemy character of property, =4=, 128, 129. Dorchester, Lord, Indian speech, =2=, 111. Drake, James, and sedition trial, =3=, 32. Dred Scott case, and declaring Federal acts void, =3=, 132 _n._ Dress, frontier, =1=, 40; of Virginia legislators, 59, 200; contrast of elegance and squalor, 280; of early National period, =3=, 396, 397. Drinking, in colonial and later Virginia, =1=, 23; rules of William and Mary College on, 156 _n._; extent (c. 1800), 186 _n._, 281-83, =2=, 102 _n._, =3=, 400, 501 _n._; M.'s wine bills, =1=, 186; distilleries, =2=, 86 _n._; at Washington, =3=, 9; frontier, =4=, 189 _n._ Duane, William, prosecution by Senate, =2=, 454 _n._; trial for sedition, =3=, 46 _n._; advances to Blennerhassett, 514. _See also_ _Aurora_. Duché, Jacob, beseeches Washington to apostatize, =1=, 105. Duckett, Allen B., and Swartwout and Bollmann, =3=, 346. Dueling, prevalence, =3=, 278 _n._ Dunbar, Thomas, in Braddock's defeat, =1=, 5. Dunbaugh, Jacob, and trial of Burr, evidence, =3=, 393, 459, 462, 463; credibility destroyed, 523. Dunmore, Lord, Norfolk raid, =1=, 74-79. Dutrimond, ----, and X. Y. Z. Mission, =2=, 326. Duval, Gabriel, appointed Justice, =4=, 60; and Dartmouth College case, 255; dissent in Ogden _vs._ Saunders, 482 _n._; resigns, 582, 584; and Briscoe _vs._ Bank and New York _vs._ Miln, 583. Dwight, Theodore, on Republican rule (1801), =3=, 12. Early, Peter, argument in Chase trial, =3=, 197. Eaton, John H., on Supreme Court, =4=, 451. Eaton, William, on Jefferson, =3=, 149 _n._; antagonism to Jefferson, 302; career in Africa, 302 _n._, 303 _n._; conference with Burr, report of it, 303-05, 307; affidavit on Burr's statement, 345, 352; claim paid, 345 _n._; at trial of Burr, testimony, 429, 452, 459, 487; loses public esteem, 523. Economic conditions, influence on Federal Convention and Ratification, =1=, 241, 242, 310, 312, 429 _n._, 441 _n._; prosperity during Confederation, 306; influence on attitude towards French Revolution, =2=, 42; and first parties, 75, 96 _n._, 125 _n._ _See also_ Banking; Commerce; Contracts; Crisis of 1819; Land; Prices; Social conditions. _Edinburgh Review_, on M.'s biography of Washington, =3=, 271; on United States (1820), =4=, 190 _n._ Education, of colonial Virginia women, =1=, 18 _n._, 24 _n._; in colonial Virginia, 24; M.'s, 42, 53, 57; condition under Confederation, 271-73; M. on general, =4=, 472. _See also_ Dartmouth College _vs._ Woodward; Social conditions. Eggleston, Joseph, grand juror on Burr, =3=, 412. Egotism, as National characteristic, =3=, 13. Eighteenth Fructidor _coup d'état_, =2=, 230, 245 _n._, 246 _n._; M. on, 232, 236-44; Pinckney and, 246 _n._ Elections, Federal, in Virginia (1789), =2=, 49, 50; (1794), 106; State, in Virginia (1795), 129-30; Henry and presidential candidacy (1796), 156-58; M.'s campaign for Congress (1798), 374-80, 401, 409-16; issues in 1798, 410; methods and scenes in Virginia, 413. _1800_: Federalist dissensions, Hamiltonian plots, =2=, 438, 488, 515-18, 521, 526; issues, 439, 520; influence of campaign on Congress, 438; Federalist bill to control, M.'s defeat of it, 452-58; effect of defeat of bill, 456; effect of Federalist dissensions, 488; Adams's attack on Hamiltonians, 518, 525; Adams's advances to Jefferson, 519; Republican ascendancy, 519, 521; and new French negotiations, 522, 524; M.'s efforts for Federalist harmony, 526; Hamilton's attack on Adams, 527-29; campaign virulence, 529; size of Republican success, 531; Federalist press on result, 532 _n._; Jefferson-Burr contest in Congress, 532-47; Jefferson's fear of Federalist intentions, 533; reasons for Federalist support of Burr, 534-36; Burr and Republican success, 535 _n._; M.'s neutrality, 536-38; his personal interest in contest, 538, 539; influence of his neutrality, 539; Burr's refusal to favor Federalist plan, 539 _n._; _Washington Federalist's_ contrast of Jefferson and Burr, 541 _n._; question of deadlock and appointment of a Federalist, 541-43; Jefferson's threat of armed resistance, 543; Federalists ignore threat, 544, 545 _n._; effect of Burr's attitude and Jefferson's promises, 545-47, =3=, 18; election of Jefferson, =2=, 547; rewards to Republican workers, =3=, 81 _n._ _1804_: Campaign and attacks on Judiciary, =3=, 184. _1812_: M.'s candidacy, =4=, 31-34; Clinton as candidate, 47; possible victory if M. had been nominated, 47. _1828_: M. and, 462-65. _1832_: Bank as issue, 532 _n._, 533; M.'s attitude, 534. Electoral vote, counting in open session, =3=, 197. Eleventh Amendment, origin, =2=, 84 _n._, =3=, 554; purpose and limitation, =4=, 354; and suits against State officers, 385, 387-91. Elkison, Henry, case, =4=, 382. Elliot, James, on Wilkinson's conduct, =3=, 358. Elliot, Jonathan, inaccuracy of _Debates_, =1=, 388 _n._ Ellsworth, Oliver, and presidential candidacy (1800), =2=, 438; on Sedition Law, 451; resigns Chief Justiceship, 552; and common-law jurisdiction on expatriation, =3=, 27, =4=, 53; and Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 53, 128; on obligation of contracts, 558 _n._ Ellsworth, William W., and attack on Supreme Court, =4=, 515. Emancipation, as involved in Nationalist development, =4=, 370, 420, 536. Embargo Act, =4=, 11; effect, opposition, 12-16; M.'s opinion, 14, 118; Force Act, 16; repeal, 22. _See also_ Neutral trade. Emmet, Thomas A., as practitioner before M., =4=, 95, 135 _n._; counsel in _Nereid_ case, 131; appearance, 133; counsel in Gibbons _vs._ Ogden, 424, 427. Eppes, John W., and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807), =3=, 348; and amendment on Judiciary, =4=, 378 _n._ Eppes, Tabby, M.'s gossip on, =1=, 182. Equality, demand for division of property, =1=, 294, 298; lack of social (1803), =3=, 13. Equity, M. and Virginia act on proceedings (1787), =1=, 218-20. _See also_ Judiciary. Erskine, David M., non-intercourse controversy, =4=, 22. Everett, Edward, and Madison's views on Nullification, =4=, 556. _Exchange case_, =4=, 121-25. Excise, unpopularity of Federal, =2=, 86; New England and, 86 _n._ _See also_ Taxation; Whiskey Insurrection. Exclusive powers, and State bankruptcy laws, =4=, 208-12. _See also_ Gibbons _vs._ Ogden. Expatriation, Ellsworth's denial of right, =3=, 27; and impressment, 27 _n._ _See also_ Impressment. Exterritoriality of foreign man-of-war, =4=, 122-25. Extradition, foreign, Virginia act (1784), =1=, 235-41; Jonathan Robins case, =2=, 458-75. "Faction," as a term of political reproach, =2=, 410 _n._ Fairfax, Baron, career and character, =1=, 47-50; influence on Washington and M.'s father, 50. _See also_ Fairfax estate. Fairfax, Denny M., M.'s debt, =3=, 223; and Hunter's grant, =4=, 147; sale of land to M.'s brother, 150 _n._ Fairfax estate, M.'s argument on right, =1=, 191-96; M.'s purchase and title, 196, =2=, 100, 101, 203-11, 371, 373, =3=, 582; in Reconstruction debate, =1=, 447-49, 458; Jay Treaty and, =2=, 129; controversy over title, Virginia Legislature and compromise, 206, 209, =4=, 148-50; and Judiciary Bill (1801), =2=, 551; M.'s children at, =4=, 74; M.'s life at, 74. See also Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee. Fairfax's Devisee _vs._ Hunter's Lessee. _See_ Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee. Falls of the Ohio, Burr's plan to canalize, =3=, 291 _n._ Farmicola, ----, tavern in Richmond, =1=, 172. Farrar, Timothy, Report of Dartmouth College case, =4=, 250 _n._ Fauchet, Jean A. J., and Randolph, =2=, 146. Fauquier County, Va., minute men, =1=, 69. Faux, William, on frontier inhabitants, =4=, 188, 189 _n._, 190, 190 _n._ Federal Constitution, constitutionality of assumption, =2=, 66; Bank, 71-74; and party politics, 75; excise, 87; neutrality proclamation, 95; treaty-making power, 119, 128, 133, 134-36, 141; Alien and Sedition Acts, 383, 404. _See also_ Amendment; Federal Convention; Government; Marshall, John (_Chief Justice_); Nationalism; Ratification; State Rights. Federal Convention, economic mainspring, =1=, 241, 242, 310, 312; demand for a second convention, 242, 248, 355, 362, 379-81, 477, =2=, 49, 57 _n._; class of Framers, =1=, 255 _n._; secrecy, 323, 335, 405; revolutionary results, 323-25, 373, 375, 425; and declaring acts void, =3=, 114-16; M.'s biography of Washington on, 262; and treason, 402; on obligation of contracts, 557 _n._, 558 _n._; commerce clause, =4=, 423. _See also_ Ratification. Federal District. See District of Columbia. _Federalist_, influence on Marbury decision, =3=, 119, 120. Federalist Party, use, =2=, 74-76; economic basis, 125 _n._; leaders impressed by M. (1796), 198; effect of X. Y. Z. Mission, 355, 358; fatality of Alien and Sedition Acts, 361, 381; issues in 1798, 410; French hostility as party asset, 422, 424, 427; and Adams's renewal of negotiations, 422-28; and pardon of Fries, 429-31; M.'s importance to, in Congress, 432, 436; M. and breaking-up, 514, 515, 526; hopes in control of enlarged Judiciary, 547, 548; in defeat, on Republican rule, =3=, 11-15; Jefferson on forebodings, 14; Judiciary as stronghold, Republican fear, 20, 21, 77; and plans against Judiciary, 22; and perpetual allegiance, 27 _n._; and Louisiana Purchase, 148-53; and impeachment of Chase, 173; moribund, 256, 257; M. on origin, 259-61; secession plots and Burr, 281, 298; intrigue with Merry, 281, 288; as British partisans, =4=, 1, 2, 9, 10; and _Chesapeake-Leopard_ affair, 9; and Embargo, 12-17; and Erskine, 22; and War of, 1812, 30, 45, 46, 48. _See also_ Congress; Elections; Politics; Secession. Fenno, John, on troubles of conservative editor, =2=, 30. Fertilizing Co. _vs._ Hyde Park, =4=, 279 _n._ Few, William, and Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 129. Fiction, M.'s fondness, =1=, 41, =4=, 79. Field, Peter, =1=, 11 _n._ Filibustering, first act against, =1=, 237. Finances, powerlessness of Confederation, =1=, 232, 295-97, 304, 387, 388, 415-17. _See also_ Banking; Bankruptcy; Debts; Economic conditions; Money; Taxation. Finch, Francis M., on treason, =3=, 401. Findley, John, on Yazoo claims, =3=, 579. Finnie, William, relief bill, =1=, 215. Fisher, George, M.'s neighbor, =2=, 172; and Bank of Virginia, =4=, 194. Fiske, John, on Dartmouth College case, =4=, 277. Fitch, Jabez G., and Lyon, =3=, 31, 32. Fitch, John, steamboat invention, =4=, 399 _n._, 409 _n._ Fitzhugh,----, at William and Mary, =1=, 159. Fitzhugh, Nicholas, and Swartwout and Bollmann, =3=, 346. Fitzhugh, William H., in Virginia Constitutional Convention, =4=, 501 _n._ Fitzpatrick, Richard, in Philadelphia society, =1=, 110. Fleming, William, of Virginia Court of Appeals, =4=, 148. "Fletcher of Saltoun," attack on M., =4=, 361 _n._ Fletcher, Robert. _See_ Fletcher _vs._ Peck. Fletcher _vs._ Peck, decision anticipated, =3=, 88; importance and results, 556, 593-95, 602; origin, 583; before Circuit Court, 584; before Supreme Court, first hearing, 585; collusion, Johnson's separate opinion, 585, 592, 601; second hearing, 585; M.'s opinion, 586-91; congressional denunciation of decision, 595-601. Fleury, Louis, Stony Point, =1=, 140. Flint, James, on newspaper abuse, =4=, 175 _n._; on bank mania, 187, 188, 192 _n._, 193; on bankruptcy frauds, 202. Flint, Timothy, on M.'s biography of Washington, =3=, 270. Florida, Bowles's activity, =2=, 497-99; M. on annexation and territorial government, =4=, 142-44. _See also_ West Florida. Floyd, Davis, Indiana Canal Company, =3=, 291 _n._; Burr conspiracy, 361. Floyd, John, and Nullification, =4=, 567. Folch, Visente, on Wilkinson, =3=, 284 _n._, 337 _n._ Food, frontier, =1=, 39; of period of the Confederation, 280-82. Foot, Samuel A., resolution and Hayne-Webster debate, =4=, 553 _n._ Force Act (1809), =4=, 16. Fordyce, Captain, battle of Great Bridge, =1=, 77. Foreign relations, policy of isolation, =2=, 235, 388, =3=, 14. _See also_ Neutrality. Forsyth, John, attack on Supreme Court, =4=, 395. Foster, Thomas F., attack on Supreme Court, =4=, 516. Foushee, William, Richmond physician, =1=, 189 _n._; candidacy for Ratification Convention, 364; and Richmond meeting on Jay Treaty, =2=, 152; grand juror on Burr, =3=, 413. Fowler, John, on Judiciary Act of 1801, =2=, 561 _n._ France, American alliance, =1=, 133, 138; hatred of Federalists, =4=, 2-5, 15. _See also_ Directory; Franco-American War; French and Indian War; French Revolution; Napoleonic Wars; Neutral trade; X. Y. Z. Mission. Franco-American War, preparations, =2=, 355, 357, 403; Washington on, 357; Jefferson and prospect, 358; French hostility as Federalist asset, 422, 424, 427; political result of reopening negotiations, 422-28, 433, 436; naval exploits, 427; M. and renewal of negotiations, 428; M. on need of continued preparedness, debate on reducing army (1800), 436, 439, 476-81; army as political issue, 439; _Sandwich_ incident, 496; England and renewal of negotiations, 501; negotiations and presidential campaign, 522, 524; M. and prospects of negotiations, 522, 523; treaty, 524; treaty in Senate, 525; _Amelia_ case, =3=, 16, 17. _See also_ X. Y. Z. Mission. Franklin, Benjamin, Albany Plan, =1=, 9 _n._; on newspaper abuse, 268, 269, =3=, 204; in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, 115 _n._ Franklin, Jesse, and Pickering impeachment, =3=, 168 _n._; of Smith committee, 541 _n._ Franks, Rebecca, on British occupation of Philadelphia, =1=, 109. Fraud, and obligation of contracts, =3=, 587, 598, 599. Frederick County, Va., Indian raids, =1=, 1 _n._ Fredericksburg, Va., as Republican stronghold (1798), =2=, 354. Free ships, free goods, Jay Treaty and, =2=, 114, 128; and X. Y. Z. Mission, 303-05; and neutral goods in enemy ships, =4=, 137-41. "Freeholder," queries to M. (1898), M.'s reply, =2=, 386-89, 574-77. Freeman, Constant, and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 330. French and Indian War, raids, =1=, 1, 30 _n._; Braddock's march and defeat, 2-5; effect of defeat on colonists, 5, 6, 9. French decrees on Neutral trade, =4=, 6, 7, 26, 36-39. French Revolution, influence of American Revolution, =2=, 1; influence on United States, 2-4, 42-44; universality of early American approval, 4, 9; Morris's unfavorable reports, 6-9, 248; first division of American opinion, 10, 15, 22; Burke's warning, 10-12; influence of Paine's _Rights of Man_, 12-15; Adams's Publicola papers, 15-18; replies to them, 18, 19; American enthusiasm and popular support, 19, 22, 23, 27-31; influence on politicians, 20; influence of St. Domingo rising, 20-22; conservative American opinion, 23, 32, 40; Jefferson on influence, 24, 39; Jefferson's support of excesses, 24-26; Short's reports, 24 _n._, 25 _n._; popular reception of Genêt, his conduct, 28, 29, 301; humors of popular enthusiasm, 34-36; and hostility to titles, 36-38; American democratic clubs, 38-40, 88, 89; economic division of opinion, 42; policy of American neutrality, 92-107; British depredations on neutral trade, question of war, 108-12; Jay Treaty, 112-15; support of Republican Party, 131 _n._, 223; Monroe as Minister, 222, 224; Henry's later view, 411. _See also_ Directory. Freneau, Philip, on country editor, =1=, 270 _n._; on frontiersman, 275; defends French Revolution, =2=, 30 _n._; on Lafayette, 33; as Jefferson's mouthpiece, 81; attacks on Washington, 93 _n._; on Jay Treaty, 118. Fries's Insurrection, pardons, =2=, 429-31, =3=, 36 _n._; M. on, =2=, 435; trial, 8, 34-36. Frontier, advance after French and Indian War, =1=, 38; qualities of frontiersmen, 28-31, 235, 274-77, =4=, 188-90; conditions of life, =1=, 39-41, 53, 54 _n._; and Virginia foreign extradition act (1784), 236-41. _See also_ West. Frontier posts, retention and non-payment of British debts, =1=, 225, 227, 230, =2=, 108, 111; surrender, 114. Fulton, Robert, steamboat experiments, Livingston's interest, =4=, 397-99; partnership and success, grant of New York monopoly, 400; and steamboats on the Mississippi, monopoly in Louisiana, 402, 414. _See also_ Gibbons _vs._ Ogden. Fulton Street, New York, origin of name, =4=, 402 _n._ Funding. _See_ Public debt. Fur-trade, and retention of frontier posts, =2=, 108. Gaillard, John, votes to acquit Chase, =3=, 218. Gaines, Edward P., and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 367, 456 _n._ Gallatin, Albert, and M. in Richmond (1784), =1=, 183; on Murray and French negotiations, =2=, 423 _n._; and cession of Western Reserve, 446; and Jonathan Robins case, 464, 474; on Jefferson-Burr contest, 547; on Washington (1802), =3=, 4; commission on Georgia's cession, 574 _n._ Gamble, John G., Burr's security, =3=, 429 _n._ Garnett, James M., grand juror on Burr, =3=, 413 _n._ Garnett, Robert S., on Nationalism and overthrow of slavery, =4=, 536. Gaston, William, and Granville heirs case, =4=, 156 _n._ Gates, Horatio, Conway Cabal, =1=, 121-23. _Gazette of the United States_, lack of public support, =2=, 30; on M.'s reception (1798), 344; on Republican success (1800), 532 _n._ Gazor, Madame de, actress, =2=, 232. General welfare, clause feared, =1=, 333; M. on protection (1788), 414; and internal improvements, =4=, 418. _See also_ Implied powers. Georgetown in 1801, =3=, 3. Genêt, Edmond C., popular and official reception, =2=, 28, 29; M.'s review of conduct, 301. Georgia, Ratification, =1=, 325; conditions (1795), =3=, 552; western claim and cession, 553, 569, 570, 573; tax on Bank of the United States, =4=, 207; and M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 334; steamboat monopoly, 415. _See also_ Cherokee Indians; Yazoo. Georgia Company, Yazoo land purchase, =3=, 550. _See also_ Yazoo. Georgia Mississippi Company, Yazoo land purchase, =3=, 550. _See also_ Yazoo. Germantown, Pa., battle, =1=, 102. Germantown, Va., on frontier, =1=, 7. Gerry, Elbridge, on revolutionary action of Framers, =1=, 324; and Ratification, 352, 353; on Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 54; accident (1790), 55 _n._; in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, 115 _n._; and on obligation of contracts, 558 _n._ _See also_ X. Y. Z. Mission. Gettysburg Address, M. and, =4=, 293 _n._ Gibbons, Thomas, and Livingston steamboat monopoly, =4=, 409-11. _See also_ Gibbons _vs._ Ogden. Gibbons _vs._ Ogden, steamship monopoly in New York, =4=, 401; claim to monopoly in interstate voyages, opposition, retaliatory acts, 403, 404, 415; early suits on monopoly, avoidance of Federal Constitution, 405; Kent's opinion on monopoly and power over interstate commerce, 406-12; concurrent or exclusive power, 409, 426, 427, 434-38, 443-45; early history of final case, 409-12; importance and effect of decision, 413, 423, 429, 446, 447, 450; counsel before Supreme Court, 413, 423, 424; continuance, 413; increase of State monopoly grants, 414, 415; great development of steamboat transportation, 415, 416; suit and internal improvements controversy, 416-21; and tariff controversy, 421; political importance, 422; specific question, 422; origin of commerce clause in Constitution, 422; argument, 424-37; confusion in State regulation, 426; M.'s earlier decision on subject, 427-29; M.'s opinion, 429-33; field of term commerce, navigation, 431, 432; power oversteps State boundaries, 433; supremacy of National coasting license over State regulations, 438-41; effect of strict construction, 442; Johnson's opinion, 443; popularity of decision, 445; later New York decision upholding, 447-51. Gibson, John B., and M., =4=, 82. Gilchrist _vs._ Collector, =3=, 154 _n._ Giles, William B., attack on Hamilton, =2=, 84 _n._; on Jay Treaty and Fairfax estate, 129; accuses M. of hypocrisy, 140; on Washington, 165 _n._; deserts Congress (1798), 340 _n._; and Judiciary Bill (1801), 551; and assault on Judiciary, repeal of Act of 1801, =3=, 22, 76-78, =4=, 490, 491; as House leader, =3=, 75; appearance, 76; and M., 76 _n._; accident (1805), 55 _n._; on spoils, 157; leader in Senate, 157 _n._, 159 _n._; on right of impeachment, 158, 173; attempt to win Burr, 182; and Chase trial, 197; vote on Chase, 218, 219; and bill to suspend habeas corpus (1807), 346; and Judiciary and Burr trial, 357, 382, 507; and grand jury on Burr, 410, 422; and attempted expulsion of Senator Smith, 544; on Yazoo claims, 581; on Federalists as Anglicans, =4=, 10; and recharter of first Bank of the United States, 174; in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 484; conservatism there, 489, 507; in debate on State Judiciary, 490-492, 496, 499; reflects on Jefferson, 491. Gilmer, Francis W., on M. as a lawyer, =2=, 178, 193-95; character, 396 _n._ Gindrat, Henry, and Yazoo lands act, =3=, 546, 547. Goddard, Calvin, in Judiciary debate (1802), =3=, 74 _n._, 87. Goode, Samuel, and slavery, =2=, 450. Goodrich, Chauncey, on Federalist confusion (1800), =2=, 516; and new French negotiations, 522; on Dartmouth College case, =4=, 237 _n._, 248. Goodrich, Samuel G., on state of education (c. 1790), =1=, 271. Gordon, William F., and bill on Supreme Court, =4=, 515, 516. Gore, Christopher, argument for Ratification, =1=, 343. Gorham, Nathaniel, on Constitutionalist leaders in Massachusetts, =1=, 347 _n._ Government, general dislike after Revolution, =1=, 232, 275, 284, 285, 289; effect of Paine's _Common Sense_, 288. _See also_ Anarchy; Bill of Rights; Confederation; Congress; Continental Congress; Crime; Demagogism; Democracy; Despotism; Division of powers; Federal Constitution; Judiciary; Law and order; Legislature; Liberty; License; Majority; Marshall, John (_Chief Justice_); Monarchy; Nationalism; Nobility; Nullification; People; Police powers; Politics; President; Religious tests; State Rights; Secession; Separation of powers; Treason; Suffrage. Governor, powers of territorial, =2=, 446. _Grace_, brig, =2=, 219. Graham, Catharine M., on American and French revolutions, =2=, 2 _n._ Graham, John, and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 323, 324, 326, 456 _n._ Grand jury, character of early Federal charges, =3=, 30 _n._; in Burr trial, 408-15, 422, 442, 451. Granger, Gideon, and drinking, =3=, 9 _n._; and Yazoo claims, Randolph's denunciation, 576 _n._, 577, 578, 581; and Connecticut Reserve, 578; and Justiceship, =4=, 109, 110. Granville heirs case, =4=, 154, 155, 155 _n._, 156 _n._ Graves, James, case, =4=, 552 _n._ Gravier, John, New Orleans batture controversy, =4=, 102. Gray, William F., on M., =4=, 67 _n._ Graydon, Alexander, on Ratification in Pennsylvania, =1=, 327 _n._; on military titles, 328 _n._; on reception of Genêt, =2=, 29. Grayson, William, in the Legislature, =1=, 203; on Ratification in Virginia, 402, 403 _n._; characterized, 423; in debate in Ratification Convention, 424-27, 431, 435, 436, 438, 461, 470; appeal to fear, 439 _n._; on prospect of Ratification, 442, 444; on Washington's influence on it, 475; chosen Senator, =2=, 50; on Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 54. Great Bridge, battle of, =1=, 76-78. Great Britain, Anti-Constitutionalist praise of government, =1=, 391, 405, 426; M.'s reply, 418; depredations on neutral trade (1793-94), =2=, 107, 108; retention of frontier posts, 108; unpreparedness for war with, 108-10; courts war, 110-12; Jay Treaty, 112-15; American and French relations and X. Y. Z. Mission, 271, 283, 312, 321, 322; French negotiations (1797), 295; French preparations to invade (1798), 321, 322; and Bowles in Florida, 498; disruption of commission on British debts, compromise, 500-05; and renewal of American negotiations with France, 501; M.'s protest on depredations on neutral trade, 506-14; Federalists as partisans, =4=, 2-5, 9, 10; Jefferson's hatred, 8, 11 _n._, 26 _n._ _See also_ American Revolution; British debts; Jay Treaty; Napoleonic Wars; Neutral trade; War of 1812. Green, John. _See_ Green _vs._ Biddle. Green _vs._ Biddle, =4=, 375, 376, 380. Greene, Nathanael, on state of the army (1776), =1=, 81; intrigue against, 122; as Quartermaster-General, 133; Johnson's biography, =3=, 267 _n._ Greene, Mrs. Nathanael, and Eli Whitney, =3=, 555. Gregg, Andrew, and reply to President's address (1799), =2=, 436. Grenville, Lord, and British debts, =2=, 502. Grey, Sir Charles, in Philadelphia campaign, =1=, 100. Greybell, ----, evidence in Burr trial, =3=, 451. Griffin, Cyrus, Ware _vs._ Hylton, =2=, 188; and trial of Burr, =3=, 398; Jefferson's attempt to influence, 520; question of successor, =4=, 100, 103-06; career, 105 _n._ Grigsby, Hugh B., on hardships of travel, =1=, 260; on prosperity of Virginia, 306 _n._; on importance of Virginia in Ratification, 359; value of work on Virginia Ratification Convention, 369 _n._; on Giles, =3=, 75 _n._ Griswold, Roger, Judiciary Bill (1801), =2=, 548; in Judiciary debate (1802), =3=, 74 _n._, 89; on bill on sessions of Supreme Court, 96; on secession, 152; and Burr and secession, 281, 289. Grundy, Felix, and War of 1812, =4=, 29. Gunn, James, on enlargement of Federal Judiciary, =2=, 548; on Chief Justiceship, 553; and Yazoo lands, =3=, 549, 550, 555; character, 550 _n._; burned in effigy, 559. Gurley, R. R., and M. and American Colonization Society, =4=, 474. Habeas corpus, attempt of Congress to suspend privileges of writ (1807), =3=, 346-48. Hague, The, M. on, =2=, 231. "Hail, Columbia!" origin, historic importance, =2=, 343. Hale, Benjamin, and Dartmouth College case, =4=, 239 _n._ Hale, Joseph, on Republican rule (1801), =3=, 12; on plans against Judiciary, 22. Hall, John E., and Jefferson's attack on Judiciary, =4=, 364. Hamilton, Alexander, in Philadelphia campaign, =1=, 101; army intrigue against, 122; on revolutionary action of Framers, 323 _n._; and organization of Constitutionalists, 357, 358; on importance of Ratification by Virginia, 358; compared with Madison, 397 _n._; financial aid to Lee, 435 _n._; and aid for Fenno, =2=, 30 _n._; financial measures, 60; deal on Assumption and Capital, 63, 64; on Virginia's protest on Assumption, 68; on constitutionality of Bank, 72-74; and antagonism in Cabinet, 82; congressional inquiry, 84; and Whiskey Insurrection, 87; on constitutionality of Neutrality Proclamation, 95; on mercantile support of Jay Treaty, 116, 148; mobbed, 116; defense of Jay Treaty, Camillus letters, 120; and Henry's presidential candidacy (1796), 157 _n._; and appointment to X. Y. Z. Mission, 227; on Alien and Sedition Acts, 382; on Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, 408; control over Adams's Cabinet, 486-88; attack on Adams, 516, 517 _n._, 527-29; on new French treaty, 524; and Jefferson-Burr contest, 533, 536; statement in _Federalist_ on judicial supremacy, =3=, 119, 120; Adams on, and French War, 258 _n._; M.'s biography of Washington on, 263; pursuit of Burr, 277 _n._, 281; duel, 278 _n._; and army in French War, 277 _n._; and Spanish America, 286 _n._; opinion on Yazoo lands, 568, 569; and Harper's opinion, 572 _n._ Hamilton, James, Jr., on Tariff of 1824, =4=, 537; and of 1828, 537; and Nullification, 560, 574. Hammond, Charles, counsel in Osborn _vs._ Bank, =4=, 385. Hampton, Wade, and Yazoo lands, =3=, 548, 566 _n._ Hancock, John, and Ratification, =1=, 339, 344, 347; Madison on, 339 _n._ Handwriting, M.'s, =1=, 211. Hanson, A. C, on Embargo and secession, =4=, 17. Harding, Chester, portraits of M., on M., =4=, 76, 85. Harding, Samuel B., on bribery in Massachusetts Ratification, =1=, 354 _n._ Hare, Charles W., on Embargo, =4=, 17 _n._ Harper, John L., Osborn _vs._ Bank, =4=, 329, 330. Harper, Robert G., on French and Jefferson (1797), =2=, 279 _n._; mob threat against, 355; cites Marbury _vs._ Madison, =3=, 154 _n._; counsel for Chase, 185; argument, 206; counsel for Swartwout and Bollmann, 345; and Yazoo lands, pamphlet and debate, 555, 571, 572, 573 _n._; counsel in Fletcher _vs._ Peck, 585; and Story, =4=, 98; on Pinkney, 131 _n._; counsel in Fairfax's Devisee _vs._ Hunter's Lessee, 156; counsel in Osborn _vs._ Bank, 385. Harper, William, Marbury _vs._ Madison, =3=, 110. Harrison, Benjamin, and British debts, =1=, 231; in the Legislature, 203; in Ratification Convention: and delay, 372; characterized, 420; in the debate, 421; and amendments, 473. Harrison, Thomas, grand juror on Burr, =3=, 413 _n._ Harrison, William Henry, Wilkinson's letter introducing Burr, =3=, 298. Hartford Convention, =4=, 51. Harvard University, M.'s sons attend, =4=, 73; honorary degree to M., 89. Harvey, ----, and Jay Treaty, =2=, 121. Harvie, Emily, acknowledgment to, =4=, 528 _n._ Harvie, Jacquelin B., and Callender trial, =3=, 192; M.'s son-in-law, 192 _n._, =4=, 73. Harvie, Mary (Marshall), =3=, 192 _n._, =4=, 73. Haskell, Anthony, trial, =3=, 31, 32. Hauteval, ----, as agent in X. Y. Z. Mission, =2=, 276. Hay, George, attack on M. in Jefferson-Burr contest, =2=, 542; career, 542 _n._; in Callender trial, =3=, 38, 40; as witness in Chase trial, 189; and preliminary hearing on Burr, 370, 372, 373, 379, 380; and pardon for Bollmann, 392, 450, 452, 453; prosecutes Burr, 407; and M., 408, =4=, 78; and instruction of grand jury, =3=, 413; and new commitment for treason, 415-17, 423-25; on incitation of public opinion at trial, 420 _n._; and subpoena to Jefferson, 434, 435, 440, 518, 520; reports to Jefferson, instructions from him, 430-32, 434, 448-51, 483, 484; on M.'s statement of prosecution's expectation of conviction, 448, 449; on Jackson at trial, 457 _n._; and confinement of Burr, 477; on M. and Burr, 483, 484; opening statement, 484; on overt act, 500; threat against M., 500, 501; and further trials, 515, 521, 523, 524, 527; on conduct of trial, 526; fee, 530 _n._; pamphlet on impressment, =4=, 52. Hayburn case, =3=, 612. Hayne, Robert Y., on Tariff of 1828, =4=, 537; Webster debate, 552; counter on Jackson's Nullification Proclamation, 564, 565. Haywood, John, on M., =4=, 66. Haywood, M. D., anecdote on M., =4=, 64 _n._ Hazard, ----, and Henry Lee, =1=, 435 _n._ Haze, Samuel, and Dartmouth College troubles, =4=, 226. Health, conditions in Washington, =3=, 6. Heath, John, on Jay Treaty and Fairfax grant, =2=, 129; as witness in Chase trial, =3=, 191, 192. Heath, William, and Ratification, =1=, 347. Henderson, Archibald, in Judiciary debate (1802), =3=, 73. Henderson, Archibald, acknowledgments to, =4=, 63 _n._, 64 _n._, 66 _n._ Henderson, Richard H., on M., =4=, 489 _n._ Henfield, Gideon, trial, =3=, 25, 26. Henry, Patrick, as statesman, =1=, 32; and Robinson's loan-office bill, 60; Stamp-Act Resolutions, 62-65; Resolutions for Arming and Defense, 66; and Conway Cabal, 121; in the Legislature, 203, 208; and Council of State as a machine, 210; and amendment of Virginia Constitution, 217; and chancery bill (1787), 219; and British debts, 226, 229 _n._, 230, 441; and Confederate navigation act, 235; and extradition bill (1784), 239; plan for intermarriage of Indians and whites, 240 _n._; and calling of Ratification Convention, 245; fear of the Federal District, 291, 439 _n._; on popular majority against Ratification, 321; feared by Constitutionalists, 358; in campaign for Ratification delegates, 365; in Ratification Convention: on revolutionary action of Framers, 373, 375; and Nicholas, 374; characterized, 375; in the debate, 375, 388-91, 397-400, 403-06, 428-30, 433, 435, 438, 440, 441, 449, 464; on consolidated government, 375, 388, 389, 433; on power of the President, 390; effect of speeches, 392, 403; and Philips case, 393 _n._, 398; on Randolph's change of front, 398, 406; defense of the Confederation, 388, 389, 399; on Federal Government as alien, 389, 399, 428, 439 _n._; on free navigation of the Mississippi, 403, 430, 431; on obligation of contracts, 428; on payment of paper money, 429; on declaring acts void, 429; on danger to the South, 430; on standing army, 435; and M., 438, 464; on need of a Bill of Rights, 440; on Federal Judiciary, 449, 464; on Indian lands, 464; assault on, speculation, 465-67, =2=, 203 _n._; in contest over recommendatory amendments, =1=, 469-71, 474; threat to secede from Convention, 472; submits, 474, 478; effect of French Revolution on, =2=, 41, 411; and opposition after Ratification, 48-50, 57 _n._; and Federal Convention, 60 _n._; and assumption of State debts, 65; on Jefferson and Madison, 79; and offer of Attorney-Generalship, 124-26; Federalist, 124 _n._; and presidential candidacy (1796), 156-58; on abuse of Washington, 164; Ware _vs._ Hylton, 188; champions M.'s candidacy for Congress (1798), 411-13; on Virginia Resolutions, 411; Jefferson on support of M., 419, 420; and Chief Justiceship, =3=, 121 _n._; in M.'s biography of Washington, 244; and Yazoo lands, 554. Herbert, George, on War of 1812, =4=, 51 _n._ Heyward, Mrs. ----, M. and, =2=, 217. Higginson, Stephen, on Gerry, =2=, 364. High seas, M. on jurisdiction over crimes on, =2=, 465-67; as common possession, =4=, 119. Hill, Aaron, and Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, =3=, 43. Hill, Jeremiah, on Ratification contest, =1=, 341; on importance of Virginia in Ratification, 358. Hillard, George S., on M., =4=, 61 _n._ Hillhouse, James, and Burr, =3=, 281; and secession, 281, 289; on Adams's report on Burr conspiracy, 544; and Embargo, =4=, 13. Hinson, ----, and Burr, =3=, 367. Hitchcock, Samuel, Lyon trial, =3=, 31 _n._ Hite _vs._ Fairfax, =1=, 191-96. Hobby, William J., pamphlet on Yazoo lands, =3=, 573 _n._ Hoffman, J. Ogden, counsel in _Nereid_ case, =4=, 131. Hollow, The, M.'s early home, =1=, 36-38. Holmes, John, in Ratification Convention, =1=, 346. Holmes, John, counsel in Dartmouth College case, =4=, 239, 253. Holmes _vs._ Walton, =3=, 611. Holt, Charles, trial, =3=, 41. Hooe, Robert T., Marbury _vs._ Madison, =3=, 110. Hopkinson, Joseph, "Hail, Columbia!" =2=, 343; counsel for Chase, =3=, 185; argument, 198; on Embargo, =4=, 12 _n._; as practitioner before M., 95; counsel in Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield, 209; counsel in Dartmouth College case, 238, 254, 258, 259; and M., 238 _n._; appointment as District Judge, 238 _n._; appearance, 254; fee and portrait in Dartmouth case, 255 _n._; and success in case, 274; counsel in M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 285. Horatius articles, =2=, 541 _n._, 542 _n._ Horses, scarcity, =1=, 162 _n._ Hortensius letter, =2=, 542. Hottenguer, ----, and M.'s purchase of Fairfax estate, =2=, 205; as agent in X. Y. Z. Mission, 259-65, 272-78, 281. House of Burgesses, M.'s father as member, =1=, 58; control by tide-water aristocracy, 59; Robinson case, 60; Henry's Stamp-Act Resolutions, sectional divergence, 61-65. _See also_ Legislature of Virginia. Houses, M.'s boyhood homes, =1=, 37, 55; of period of Confederation, 280, 281. Hovey, Benjamin, Indiana Canal Company, =3=, 291 _n._ Howard, Samuel, steamboat monopoly, =4=, 415. Howe, Henry, on frontier illiteracy, =1=, 272 _n._ Howe, Sir William, Pennsylvania campaign, =1=, 92-106. Hudson River. _See_ Gibbons _vs._ Ogden. Hulme, Thomas, on frontiersmen, =4=, 189 _n._ Humor, M.'s quality, =1=, 73, =4=, 62, 78, 83. Humphries, David, on Shays's Rebellion, =1=, 299. Hunter, David. _See_ Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee. Hunter, William, counsel in Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield, =4=, 209. Hunter _vs._ Fairfax's Devisee, =2=, 206-08. _See also_ Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee. Huntingdon, Countess of, on M. as orator, =2=, 188. Huntington, Ebenezer, on Republican ascendancy (1800), =2=, 521. Hutchinson, Thomas, and declaring acts void, =3=, 612. Illinois, prohibits external banks, =4=, 207; and M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 334. Illiteracy, at period of Confederation, =1=, 272; later prevalence, =3=, 13 _n._ _See also_ Education. Immigration. _See_ New York _vs._ Miln. Immunity of foreign man-of-war, =4=, 122-25. Impeachment, proposed amendment on, =2=, 141; as weapon against Federalist judges, =3=, 21; Monroe's suggestion for Justices (1802), 59; in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, 73, 80, 81; expected excuse in Marbury _vs._ Madison opinion, 62 _n._, 112, 113; as second phase of attack on Judiciary, 111; Pickering case, 111, 164-68; State case of Judge Addison, 112, 163, 164; and opinion in Marbury _vs._ Madison, 143, 153, 155; M.'s fear, 155, 176-79, 192, 196; for political or indictable offense, 158, 164, 165, 168 _n._, 173, 198-200, 202, 207, 206-12; of all Justices planned, 159, 160, 173, 176, 178; Marshall as particular object, 161-63; of Chase voted, 169; Jefferson and attitude of Northern Republicans, 170, 221; House manager, 170; public opinion prepared for trial of Chase, 171; articles against Chase, 171, 172; despair of Federalists, 173; and Yazoo frauds, 174; arrangement of Senate, 179, 180; Burr as presiding officer, 180, 183; efforts of Administration to placate Burr, 181-83; seat for Chase, 183; his appearance, 184; his counsel, 185; Randolph's opening speech, 187-89; testimony, 189-92; M. as witness, 192-96; conferences of Giles and Randolph, 197; argument by Manager Early, 197; by Manager Campbell, 198; by Hopkinson, 198-201; Chase trial as precedent, 201; argument by Key, 201; by Lee, 201; by Martin, 201-06; by Manager Nicholson, 207-10; by Manager Rodney, 210-12; by Manager Randolph, 212; Randolph's praise of M., its political importance, 214-16; Chase trial and secession, 217; vote, acquittal, 217-20; importance of acquittal, 220; programme abandoned, 222, 389; M. and acquittal, 222; threat against M. during Burr trial, 500, 501, 503, 512, 516; Jefferson urges it, 530-32; foreign affairs prevent, 545. Implied powers, in contest over Assumption, =2=, 66, 67; in Bank controversy, 71-74; M. upholds (1804), =3=, 162; interpretation of "necessary and proper laws," =4=, 285, 286, 294-301, 316, 337. _See also_ Nationalism. Import duties, unconstitutionality of State license on importers, =4=, 455-57. _See also_ Tariff. Impressment, by British, =2=, 107, =4=, 8; M.'s protest, =2=, 513; and perpetual allegiance, =3=, 27 _n._; _Chesapeake-Leopard_ affair, 475-77, =4=, 9; discussion of right, 52, 53; M.'s later opinion, 53-55. _See also_ Neutral trade. Imprisonment for debt, =3=, 13 _n._, 15 _n._; M. on, and obligation of contracts, =4=, 215, 216. Independence, germ in Henry's Stamp-Act Resolutions, =1=, 63; anticipation of Declaration, =3=, 118; M.'s biography of Washington on Declaration, 244. Indian Queen, boarding-house, =3=, 7. Indiana, prohibition on external banks, =4=, 207; and M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 334. Indiana Canal Company, =3=, 291 _n._ Indians, frontier raid, =1=, 1, 30 _n._; Virginia's attempt to protect (1784), 236-41; Henry's plan for intermarriage with whites, 240 _n._, 241; in Ratification debate, 465; fear of, and Ratification, 476; and British relations (1794), =2=, 110, 111; Bowlee's intrigue, 497-99; and Yazoo lands, =3=, 552, 553, 569, 570; M. and policy toward, =4=, 542 _n._ _See also_ Cherokee Indians. Individualism, as frontier trait, =1=, 29, 275; rampant, 285. Ingersoll, Charles J., practitioner before M., =4=, 237 _n._ Ingersoll, Jared, Hunter, _vs._ Fairfax, =2=, 207. Ingraham, Edward D., escort for M.'s body, =4=, 588. Inman, Henry, portrait of M., =4=, 522 _n._ Innes, Harry, and Burr, =3=, 318. Innes, James, as lawyer, =1=, 173; characterized, 473; in Ratification Convention, 474; and Cabinet office, =2=, 124; Ware _vs._ Hylton, 188. Insolvency. _See_ Ogden _vs._ Saunders; Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield. Inspection laws, State, and commerce clause, =4=, 436. _See also_ Police powers. Internal improvements, Potomac River (1784), =1=, 217; Burr's plan for Ohio River canal, =3=, 291 _n._; M. and Virginia survey, =4=, 42-45; demand, 416; Bonus Bill, Madison's veto, 417; later debate, Randolph's speech on Nationalism, 418-21; Jackson's pocket veto of River and Harbor Bill, 534. International law, Jonathan Robins case, =2=, 465-71; _Amelia_ case and law of prize, =3=, 16, 17; _Adventure_ case, ocean as common property, =4=, 119; M.'s contribution, 121; _Exchange_ case, immunity of foreign man-of-war, 121-25; United States _vs._ Palmer, _Divina Pastora_, belligerency of revolted province, 126-28; _Venus_ case, domicil and enemy character, 128, 129; _Nereid_ case, neutral property in enemy ship, 130, 135-42; recognition of slave trade, 476, 477. Iredell, James, Ware _vs._ Hylton, =2=, 188; on Virginia Resolutions, 399; on Fries's Insurrection, 429, =3=, 35; and common-law jurisdiction, 25; and declaring acts void, 117; and constructive treason, 403. Iron Hill engagement, =1=, 93, 94. Irving, Washington, on trial of Burr, =3=, 400, 416, 432, 435, 456, 457 _n._, 464 _n._, 477, 478 _n._ Irwin, Jared, and Yazoo frauds, =3=, 562. Isham, Mary, descendants, =1=, 10. Isham family, lineage, =1=, 10. Isolation, M. and policy, =2=, 235, 388, =3=, 14 _n._; need in early Federal history, =4=, 6; local, 191. _See also_ Neutrality. Iturrigaray, José de, and Wilkinson, =3=, 329. Jackson, Andrew, and Washington, =2=, 165 _n._; duelist, =3=, 278 _n._; and Burr conspiracy, 292, 295, 296, 305, 326, 361; prepares for war with Spain, 313; and rumors of disunion, 326; at trial of Burr, denounce Jefferson and Wilkinson, 404, 429, 457, 471; appearance, 404; Burr's gratitude, 405; battle of New Orleans, =4=, 57; M. and candidacy (1828), 462-65; contrasted with M., 466; M. on inauguration, 466; appointments to Supreme Court, 510, 581, 582, 584, 584 _n._; war on the Bank, veto of recharter, 529-33; pocket veto of River and Harbor Bill, 534; place in M.'s inclination to resign, 519, 521; M. and election of 1832, 534; withdraws deposits from the Bank, 535; Kent's opinion, 535 _n._; and Georgia-Cherokee controversy, 540, 541, 547, 548, 551; M. rebukes on Cherokee question, 546; Union toast, 557; warning to Nullifiers, 558; Nullification Proclamation, its debt to M., 562, 563; M.'s commendation, 563; reply of South Carolina, his inconsistency with attitude on Cherokee question, 564, 565; recommends tariff reduction, 567; Virginia and attitude on Nullification, 570; character of Southern support, 578. Jackson, Francis James, as Minister, =4=, 23-26. Jackson, James, on Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 54; journey (1790), 55 _n._; in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, 61; and Chase trial, 220, 221; and Yazoo frauds, 560-62, 565; resigns from Senate, 561. Jackson _vs._ Clarke, =4=, 165 _n._ James River Company, =2=, 56. Jameson, J. Franklin, acknowledgments to, =4=, 63 _n._, 68 _n._ Jarvis, Charles, in Ratification Convention, =1=, 348. Jarvis, William C, attack on M., =4=, 362. Jay, John, on frontiersmen and Indians, =1=, 236, 237; on demand for equality in all things, 295; distrust of democracy, 300, 308; on failure of requisitions, 305; on decline of Continental Congress, 305 _n._; on ability to pay public debt, 306, 306 _n._; on extravagance, 306 _n._; Jay Treaty, =2=, 113-15; Ware _vs._ Hylton, 188; refuses reappointment as Chief Justice, 552, =3=, 120 _n._; and common-law jurisdiction, 24, 25; on defective Federal Judiciary, 55; and declaring acts void, 117; and Manhattan Company, 287 _n._; and Livingston steamboat monopoly, =4=, 407. Jay Treaty, cause of negotiations, =2=, 108-13; unpopularity of negotiation, 113; humiliating terms, 114; popular demonstrations against, 115-18, 120; commercial and financial support, 116, 148; Jefferson on, 118, 121; question of constitutionality, 119, 128, 133-36; Hamilton's defense, Camillus letters, 120; attitude of Virginia, 120; protests, 126; typical address against, 126-29; M.'s defense, 126, 129 _n._; and free ships, free goods, 128, 303-05; resolutions of Virginia Legislature, 131-37; indirect legislative censure of Washington, 137-40; proposed constitutional amendments caused by, 141-13; contest in Congress, petitions, 148, 149, 155; Richmond meeting and petition favoring, 149-55; M. and commissionship under, 200-02; France and, 223; and X. Y. Z. Mission, 303-08; submitted to French Minister, 305; and contraband, 306; Jonathan Robins case under, 458-75; disruption of commission on British debts, 500-02; M. and disruption and compromise, 502-05; Federal common-law trials for violating, =3=, 24-29; divulged, 63 _n._; settlement of British debts, 103; and land grants, =4=, 148, 153, 157 Jefferson, Jane (Randolph), =1=, 10, 11. Jefferson, Peter, similarity to M.'s father, =1=, 11; ancestry, 11 _n._ Jefferson, Thomas, _pre-presidential years_: relations with M., =1=, 9, 10; similarity in conditions of M.'s birth, 11 _n._; Randolph and Isham ancestry, 10, 11; Jefferson ancestry, 11, 12; landed estate, 20 _n._; on Virginia society, 21, 22; as statesman, 32; accused of shirking duty during Revolution, 126-30; in service of State, 128; as Governor, 143; and Arnold's invasion, 143-45; and Rebecca Burwell, 149; on William and Mary, 156; licenses M. to practice law, 161; as letter writer, 183 _n._; in Legislature, 203; use of Council of State as a machine, 210; chancery act (1777), 219; on British debts, 223 _n._, 228 _n._, 295 _n._; debts for slaves, 224 _n._; cause of retained faith in democracy, 253; on hardships of travel, 259; use of cipher, 266 _n._; on license of the press, 270; on sectional characteristics, 278-80; inappreciative of conditions under Confederation, 286, 314-16; on the Cincinnati, 292; defense of Shays's Rebellion, preparation to lead radicalism, 302-04, =2=, 52; dislike of commerce, =1=, 316; on Randolph and Ratification, 378; favors amendment before Ratification, 478; influence of French Revolution on, =2=, 4, 44; on first movements of it, 5; approbation of _Rights of Man_, 14, 15, 16 _n._; on Publicola papers, 19 _n._; on St. Domingo negro insurrection, 21; on influence of French Revolution on American government, 24, 39; upholds excesses of French Revolution, 25, 26; on reception of Genêt, 29; development of Republican Party, 46, 81-83, 91, 96; political fortunes broken (1785), 46 _n._; first attitude toward Federal Constitution, 47; cold reception (1789), 57; deal on Assumption and Capital, 63, 64, 82 _n._; tardy views on unconstitutionality of Assumption, 70; opinion on Bank of United States, 71; converts Madison, 79; attempt to sidetrack M. (1792), 79-81; and antagonism in Cabinet, 82; on results of funding, 85; and Whiskey Insurrection, 90, 91; opposition to Neutrality, 94; resignation from Cabinet, 96; and drinking, 102 _n._; attacks Jay Treaty, 118, 121; accuses M. of hypocrisy (1795), 139, 140; and abuse of Washington, 164; growth of feud with M., 165; on M.'s reason for accepting French mission, 211; and Monroe's attack on Washington, 222 _n._; and appointment to X. Y. Z. Mission, 227; and Gerry's appointment, 227; experience in France contrasted with M.'s, 289; and news of X. Y. Z. Mission, 335; and X. Y. Z. dispatches, 336, 339-41; and M.'s return and reception, 345, 346; call on M., 346, 347; and expected French War, 358; open warfare on M., 358; attempt to undo effect of X. Y. Z. Mission, 359-63, 368; and Langhorne letter, 375 _n._; and Alien and Sedition Acts, hysteria, method of attack, 382, 384, 397, 399; Kentucky Resolutions, 397; expects M.'s defeat (1798), 411; and M.'s election, 419; on Henry's support of M., 419, 420; on general election results (1798), 420; and M.'s visit to Kentucky, 421; on renewal of French negotiations, 428; on M. and Disputed Elections Bill, 456; and Jonathan Robins case, 459, 475; blindness to M.'s merit, 475; on Burr and Republican success (1800), 535 _n._; M.'s opinion (1800), 537; Mazzei letter, 537 _n._, 538 _n._; and Judiciary Bill, 549, 550; on Chief Justiceship (1801), 553 _n._; on midnight appointments, 561 _n._, 562; inappreciative of importance of M.'s Chief Justiceship, 562; in Washington boarding-house, =3=, 7; on common-law jurisdiction of National Judiciary, 29; on Lyon trial, 31; on right of judges to declare acts void (1786), 117; merits of Declaration of Independence, 118. _See also_ Elections (_1800_). _As President and after_: Wines, =3=, 9; M. on, as terrorist, 11; on Federalist forebodings, 14; on renewal of European War, 14; policy of isolation, 14 _n._; and bargain of election, 18; M. on inaugural, 18; programme of demolition, caution, 18-20; and popularity, 19 _n._; plans against National Judiciary, suppressed paragraph of message (1801), 20-22, 51-53, 57, 605, 606; on Judiciary as Federalist stronghold, 21; and repeal of Judiciary Act of 1801, 21 _n._; and subpoena in Burr trial, 33, 86 _n._, 323, 433-47, 450, 454-56, 518-22; and Callender, 36, 38; on Giles, 75 _n._; partisan rewards by, 81 _n._, 208; Morris on, 90 _n._; as following Washington's footsteps, 100 _n._; and settlement of British debt controversy, 103; and Adams's justices of the peace, 110; desires to appoint Roane Chief Justice, 113; and opinion in Marbury _vs._ Madison, 143-45, 154 _n._, 431, 432; branches of the Bank and practical politics, 145; and New Orleans problem, 145, 146; dilemma of Louisiana Purchase, 147-49; secretiveness, 149; scents Republican misgivings of assault on Judiciary, 155; and _Aurora's_ condemnation of Judiciary, 159 _n._; head of impeachment programme, 160; and impeachment of Pickering, 164 _n._, 165, 166; and impeachment of Chase, 170; break with Randolph, 174; advances to Burr during Chase trial, 181, 182; reward of Pickering trial witnesses, 181; reëlected, 197; Rodney's flattery, 212; abandons impeachment programme, 221, 389; plan to counteract M.'s biography of Washington, 228, 229; preparation of Anas, 229; M. on, in the biography, 244, 259, 263, 263 _n._; on the biography, 265-69; on Botta's History, 266; hostility to Burr, 279, 280; and secession of New England, 283, =4=, 15 _n._, 30 _n._; and war with Spain, =3=, 285, 301, 313, 383 _n._; and Miranda, 300, 301; receives Burr (1806), 301; hostility of naval officers, 302, 458 _n._, 459 _n._; and Eaton, 302; Eaton's report to, of Burr's plans, 304; and other reports, 305, 310, 315, 317, 323, 338 _n._; Wilkinson's revelation of Burr's plans, 321, 322; action on Wilkinson's revelation, proclamation, 324, 327; Annual Message on Conspiracy, 337; Special Message declaring Burr guilty, 339-41; its effect, 341; and Swartwout and Bollmann, 344, 391, 392, 430; on arrest of Burr, 368 _n._; M.'s reflection on conduct in conspiracy, 376; as prosecutor, prestige involved, on the trial, 383-91, 406, 417, 419, 422, 430-432, 437, 451, 476, 477, 499; continued hostility to Judiciary, 384, 388, =4=, 339, 362, 363, 368-70, 538; on making stifled evidence at Burr trial public, =3=, 422, 515; pardons to obtain evidence, 392, 393; M.'s defiance at trial of Burr, 404; Jackson's denunciation, 404, 457 _n._; Hay's reports on Burr trial, 415; on Martin, 450, 451; bolsters Wilkinson, 472; and _Chesapeake-Leopard_ affair, 475-77, =4=, 9; orders further trials of Burr, =3=, 515, 522; and Daveiss's pamphlet, 525; and attacks on M. during trial, 526, 535; Message on trial, hints at impeachment of M., 530-32; on Georgia's western claim, 553; and Yazoo claims, 592; prejudice-holding, =4=, 2; love of France, 3; and attacks on neutral trade, 7 _n._, 8, 9, 11; hostility to England, 8, 11 _n._, 26 _n._; on Federalist defense of British, 10; toast on freedom of the seas, 23; and Hay's pamphlet on impressment, 53; on M.'s control over Supreme Court, 59; and M.'s integrity, 90 _n._; enmity to Story, 98-100; Livingston case and Madison's judicial appointments, 100-16; control of Virginia politics, 146; and Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee, 160; and first Bank of the United States, 172; and second Bank, 180 _n._; on _Niles' Register_, 183 _n._; on financial madness (1816), 186; on crisis of 1819, 204; on Nathaniel Niles, 227; on charters and obligation of contracts, 230 _n._; and Taylor's exposition of State Rights, 339; M. on Jefferson's later attacks, 363-66; advocates resistance by States, 368; and amendment on Judiciary (1821), 371, 378; and demand for revision of Virginia Constitution, 468, 469, 502 _n._, 508; called theoretical by Giles, 491; M.'s attitude toward, 579, 580. Jenkinson, Isaac, account of Burr episode, =3=, 538 _n._ Jennings, William H., Cohens _vs._ Virginia, =4=, 345. Johnson, James, and second Bank of the United States, =4=, 196 _n._, 288. Johnson, Reverdy, counsel in Brown _vs._ Maryland, =4=, 455 _n._ Johnson, Richard M., on Missouri question, =4=, 341; proposed amendment and attack on Judiciary, 371-79, 450. Johnson, William, opinion on common-law jurisdiction, =3=, 28 _n._; appointed Justice, 109 _n._, 159 _n._; and mandamus, 154 _n._; biography of Greene, 266; and release of Swartwout and Bollmann, 349; opinion in Fletcher _vs._ Peck, 592; character, =4=, 60; appearance, 132; dissent in Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee, 157, 165, 166; and Dartmouth College case, 255, 256, 258 _n._; dissent in Green _vs._ Biddle, 381 _n._; Nationalist opinion in Elkison case, 382, 383; opinion in Osborn _vs._ Bank, 394; opinion in Gibbons _vs._ Ogden, 443-45; opinion in Ogden _vs._ Saunders, 481 _n._; dissent in Craig _vs._ Missouri, 513; ill, 582; and Briscoe _vs._ Bank and New York _vs._ Miln, 583; death, 584. Johnson, William S., and Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 129. Johnson, Zachariah, in Virginia Ratification Convention, =1=, 474. Johnson _vs._ Bourn, =2=, 181 _n._ Johnston, Josiah S., on Nullification, =4=, 555. Johnston, Samuel, on hardships of travel, =1=, 255. Jonathan Robins case, facts, =2=, 458; Republican attacks, 459; before Congress, proof that Nash was not American, 460; basis of debate in House, 460, 461; Republican attempts at delay, 461-64; M.'s speech, 464-71; exclusive British jurisdiction, 465, 466; not piracy, 467; duty to deliver Nash, 467; not within Federal judicial powers, 468-70; incidental judicial powers of Executive, 470; President as sole organ of external relations, 470; comments on M.'s speech, its effect, 471-75. Jones, James, and slavery, =2=, 450. Jones, Walter, counsel in Fairfax's Devisee _vs._ Hunter's Lessee, =4=, 156; counsel in M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 285, 286. Joynes, Thomas R., on M., =4=, 489 _n._ Judge-made law, and Federal assumption of common-law jurisdiction, =3=, 23; Johnson on, =4=, 372. _See also_ Declaring acts void. Judiciary, Federal, arguments on, during Ratification debate, =1=, 334, 426, 444, 461, 464; expected independence and fairness, 430, 451, 459; and gradual consolidation, 446; jury trial, 447, 449, 456, 457; M. on, in Convention, 450-61; inferior courts, 451; extent of jurisdiction, 452, 454-56, =2=, 468-70; concurrent jurisdiction, =1=, 452; as a relief to State courts, 453; proposed amendment on, 477; British-debts cases, =2=, 83; suits against States, Eleventh Amendment, 83 _n._, 84 _n._, =3=, 554, =4=, 354, 385, 387-91; proposed amendment against pluralism, =2=, 141; incidental exercise of powers by Executive, 470; M. favors extension (1800), 531; Federalist plans to retain control, 547, 548; Republican plans against, =3=, 19-22; as Federalist stronghold, 21, 77; Federalist expectation of assault, 22; assumption of common-law jurisdiction, 23-29, 78, 84, =4=, 30 _n._; conduct of sedition trials, =3=, 29-43; lectures from the bench, 30 _n._; results on public opinion of conduct, 47, 48; defects in act of 1789, 53-56, 81, 117; effect of Marbury _vs._ Madison on Republican attack, 143, 153, 155; and campaign of 1804, 145; assault and Federalist threats of secession, 151, 152; Republican misgivings on assault, 155; _Aurora_ on, 159 _n._; removal on address of Congress, 167, 221, 389; political speeches from bench, 169, 206; M. suggests legislative reversal of judicial decisions, 177, 178; stabilizing function in a republic, 200; necessity of independence, 200, 204, 373; Jefferson's continued hatred, 384, 388, =4=, 339, 362-66, 368-70; Federalist attacks, 30 _n._; effort for court of appeals above Supreme Court, 323, 325; right of original jurisdiction, 385-87; proposed amendment for limited tenure, 517 _n._; as interpreter of Constitution, 554. _See also_ Contracts; Declaring acts void; Impeachment; Judiciary Act of 1801; Marshall, John (_Chief Justice_); Supreme Court. Judiciary, State, equity, =1=, 218-20; popular antagonism during Confederation, 297-99, =3=, 23 _n._; conduct of sedition trials, 43-47; conduct of Republican judges, 48 _n._; Virginia, as political machine, =4=, 146, 485-88; controversy over, in New Hampshire, 229, 230; M.'s report on, in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 485; tenure of judges and discontinued offices, 485, 490, 493-501; removal of judges, 485; extent of reform demanded in Virginia, 488; debate in her Convention, 489-501. Judiciary Act of 1801, bill, =2=, 548; character of first Republican opposition to it, 549, 550, 555 _n._; Federalist toast, 548 _n._; debate and passage of bill, 550-52; Fairfax estate in debate, 551; midnight appointments, 559-62; importance of repeal debate, =3=, 50, 75; Jefferson and attack, last hour changes in Message, 51-53, 605; character of act, 53, 56; extravagance as excuse for repeal, 57, 58, 64; repeal debate in Senate, 58-72; tenure of judge and abolition of office, 59, 63, 607-10; and declaring acts void, 60, 62, 64, 67-71, 73, 74, 82, 85, 87, 91; independence _versus_ responsibility of Judiciary, 60, 61, 65, 68, 74, 88; fear of Judiciary, 61; Marbury _vs._ Madison in debate, 61 _n._, 63, 78, 80, 86, 90; select committee and discharge of it, 67, 68, 279; indifference of mass of Federalists, 71; vote in Senate, 72; attempt to postpone in House, 72; Federalist threats of secession, 72, 73, 82, 89, 93, 97, 98; debate in House, 73-91; and impeachment of Justices, 73, 80, 81; Republican concern, 76 _n._; Republicans on origin of act, 76-78; Supreme Court and annulment of repeal, 85, 91, 92, 95-97, 122, 123, =4=, 489, 490; predictions of effect of repeal, =3=, 88; Federal common-law jurisdiction, 78, 84, 89; vote in House, 91; reception of repeal, 92-94, 97-100; act on disability of judges, 165 _n._ Jury trial, Reconstruction debate on Federal, =1=, 447, 449, 456, 457, 464; juries in sedition cases, =3=, 42. Kamper _vs._ Hawkins, =3=, 612. Keith, James, M.'s grandfather, career, =1=, 17, 18. Keith, James, on M., =4=, 67 _n._ Keith, Mary Isham (Randolph), M.'s grandmother, =1=, 10, 17. Keith, Mary Randolph, M.'s mother, =1=, 10. _See also_ Marshall, Mary Randolph (Keith). Kendall, Amos, as Jackson's adviser, =4=, 532 _n._ Kent, James, on M.'s biography of Washington, =3=, 265; on Livingston _vs._ Jefferson, =4=, 114; standing as judge, 256; and Dartmouth College case, 256, 258 _n._; and Supreme Bench, 256 _n._, 369 _n._; on Livingston's steamboat monopoly and interstate commerce, 406-12, 430, 441; on Jackson, 535 _n._; on M.'s decline, 586. Kent, Joseph, votes for war, =4=, 29 _n._ Kent, Moses, letters, =4=, 84 _n._ Kenton, Simon, birth and birthplace, =1=, 9 _n._ Kentucky, delegates in Ratification Convention, influences on, =1=, 384, 399, 403, 411, 420, 430-32, 434, 443; Virginia act for statehood, =2=, 55; land case, =3=, 17; and repeal of Judiciary Act of 1801, 58 _n._; Burr in, 291, 296, 313-19; bank mania and distress, =4=, 187, 204, 205; and M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 314, 334; Green _vs._ Biddle, occupying claimant law, 375-77, 380-82. _See also_ next title. Kentucky Resolutions, purpose, =2=, 397; Taylor's suggestion of nullification doctrine, 397; production, 397; importance, 398; Hamilton on, 408; consideration in Massachusetts, =3=, 43; Dana on, 45; as Republican gospel, 105-08; resolutions in Federalist States on, 105 _n._, 106 _n._ _See also_ State Rights. Kercheval, Samuel, and Jefferson's letter on Virginia Constitution, =4=, 468, 469. Key, Francis S., counsel for Swartwout and Bollmann, =3=, 345. Key, Philip B., counsel for Chase, =3=, 185; argument, 201. King, Rufus, on Ratification in Massachusetts, =1=, 340, 347, 348 _n._, 351; and organization of Constitutionalists, 357; and Henry's presidential candidacy (1796), =2=, 156; on M. as lawyer, 191; and M. (1796), 198; conciliatory letter to Talleyrand (1797), 252, 253; and X. Y. Z. Mission, 286, 295, 364; and presidential candidacy (1800), 438; and British-debts dispute, 502-05, =3=, 103; on fever in Washington, 6; in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, 115 _n._; and on obligation of contracts, 557 _n._; on Adams's Burr conspiracy report, 543 _n._; and Yazoo lands, 570; on bank mania and crisis of 1819, =4=, 181, 206 _n._; and American Colonization Society, 475. Knox, Henry, army intrigue against, =1=, 122; on spirit of anarchy, 275; on demand for division of property, 298; on Shays's Rebellion, 300; on Henry as Anti-Constitutionalist, 358; support of Adams (1800), =2=, 518; enmity toward Hamilton, 518 _n._ Knox, James, and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 473. Kremer, George, attack on Clay, =4=, 462 _n._ Labor, attitude toward, in colonial Virginia, =1=, 21; price (c. 1784), 181; M. and problem, =4=, 472. Lafayette, Marquis de, on Washington at Monmouth, =1=, 136; on French indifference to reforms (1788), =2=, 6; value of letters on French Revolution, 7 _n._; and key of the Bastille, 9; M. and imprisonment, 32-34; and American Colonization Society, =4=, 474, 476 _n._ Lamb, John, on Washington and Federal Constitution, =1=, 331 _n._ Lamballe, Madame de, executed, =2=, 27 _n._ Land, M. on colonial grants, =1=, 191-96; Virginia grants and Ratification, 445, 447-49, 458; Indian purchases, 464, 465; speculation, =2=, 202; M. on tenure in France (1797), 268-70; Kentucky case, =3=, 17; importance in early National history, 556; Kentucky occupying claimant law, =4=, 375-77, 380-82. _See also_ Fairfax estate; Public lands; Yazoo. Langbourne, William, Burr's security, =3=, 429 _n._, 517. Langdon, John, on Ratification in New Hampshire, =1=, 354. Langhorne letter to Washington, =2=, 375 _n._ Lanier, Clem, and Yazoo lands act, =3=, 546, 547. Lansing, John, decision on Livingston steamboat monopoly, =4=, 405. La Rochefoucauld Liancourt, Duc de, on Virginia social conditions, =1=, 20 _n._; on frontiersmen, 275 _n._, 276 _n._, 281 _n._; on social contrasts, 280 _n._; on drinking, 282; on court days, 284 _n._; on speculation and luxury in Philadelphia, =2=, 85 _n._; on M. as a lawyer, 171; on M.'s character, 196, 197. Latrobe, B. H., and Burr, =3=, 311 _n._ Law and lawyers, Virginia bar (1780), =1=, 173; extent of M.'s studies, 174-76; M.'s argument in Hite _vs._ Fairfax, colonial land grants, 191-96; M. as pleader, =2=, 177-82, 192-96; M.'s argument in Ware _vs._ Hylton, 186-92; practice and evidence, =3=, 18; popular hostility, 23 _n._; M.'s popularity with, =4=, 94; character of practitioners before him, 94, 95, 132-35; oratory and woman auditors, 133, 134; as publicists, 135; fees, 345 _n._ _See also_ Judiciary. Law and order, frontier license, =1=, 29, 235, 239, 274; M. on, =3=, 402. _See also_ Government. Lear, Tobias, on Ratification in New Hampshire, =1=, 354, 354 _n._; and Eaton, =3=, 303 _n._ Lecompte, Joseph, and Supreme Court, =4=, 517 _n._ Lee, Arthur, and Beaumarchais, =2=, 292 _n._ Lee, Gen. Charles, on militia, =1=, 86; Monmouth, 135-37. Lee, Charles, of Va., and Jay Treaty, =2=, 132, 133; and legislative implied censure of Washington, 138; and Federal office for M., 201; Hunter _vs._ Fairfax, 207, =4=, 156; on M. and new French negotiations, =2=, 428; _Aurora_ on, 492; counsel in Marbury _vs._ Madison, =3=, 126, 130 _n._; counsel for Chase, 185; counsel for Swartwout and Bollmann, 345; counsel for Burr, on overt act, 500; report on Yazoo lands, 570. Lee, Henry, Randolph ancestry, =1=, 10; in charge of light infantry, 142; Pawles Hook, 142; in the Legislature, 208; in Ratification Convention: and haste, 372; characterised, 387; in the debate, 387, 423, 430, 467; taunts Henry, 406; on prospects, 434; Hamilton's financial aid, 435 _n._; on threat of forcible resistance, 467; and Whiskey Insurrection, =2=, 87; and Fairfax estate, 100, 204; and enforcement of neutrality, 104, 106; and Jay Treaty, 132; and Henry's presidential candidacy, 157; candidacy (1798), 416; and "first in war" description, 443-45; and powers of territorial Governor, 446 _n._; and slavery, 449; and Adams's advances to Jefferson, 519 _n._; and Jefferson, =4=, 579. Lee, Richard Henry, lease to M.'s father, =1=, 51; in the Legislature, 203, 208; on distance as obstacle to Federal Government, 256; on revolutionary action of Framers, 324; in campaign for Ratification delegates, arguments, 366; and title for President, =2=, 36; chosen Senator, 50. Lee, Robert E., Randolph ancestry, =1=, 10. Lee, S., on Ratification contest, =1=, 341. Lee, Thomas Ludwell, lease to M.'s father, =1=, 51. Leggett, William, hostile criticism of M.'s career, =4=, 591. Legislature of Virginia, M.'s elections to, =1=, 164, 202, 211, 212, 228, 242, =2=, 54, 130, 159; aspect and character after the Revolution, =1=, 200-02, 205-08; M.'s colleagues (1782), 203; organisation (1782), 203; M.'s committee appointments, 204, 213; regulation of elections, 207; commutable act, 207; citizenship bill, 208; relief bill for Thomas Paine, 213; loyalists, 214; insulted, 215; avoids just debt, 215; and amendment of State Constitution, 216; Potomac River improvement, 217, 218; chancery act, 218-20; religious freedom, 221, 222; British debts, 224-31; and Confederate impost, 233; and Continental debt, 234, 235; and Confederate navigation acts, 234, 235; foreign extradition act, 235-41; calling of Ratification Convention, 244-48; hope of Anti-Constitutionalists in, 462, 463, 468; and Clinton's letter for second Federal Convention, 477; attempt to undo Ratification, =2=, 48-51, 57 _n._; measures (1789), 55-57; ratifies first ten Federal amendments, 57, 58; on assumption of State debts, 65-69; and Federal suits on British debts, 83; and suits against States, 83; hostility to Bank of United States, 84; and investigation of Hamilton, 84; resolutions on Jay Treaty, 131-37; virtual censure of Washington, 137-40; Federal constitutional amendments proposed by, 141-43; cold address to Washington (1796), 149-52; and compromise on Fairfax estate, 208; M. foretells Virginia Resolutions, 395; passage of the Resolutions, 399; Madison's address of the majority, 400, 401; M.'s address of the minority, 402-06; military measures, 406, 408; proposed appropriation to defend Callender, =3=, 38 _n._; Olmstead case and Nationalism, =4=, 21 _n._; censure of M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland and restrictions on Missouri, 324-27; proposed amendment on Federal Judiciary, 371, 378; and Nullification, 558, 567-73. _See also_ House of Burgesses. Leigh, Benjamin Watkins, practitioner before M., =4=, 237 _n._; in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 502 _n._; Virginia commission to South Carolina, 573; tribute to M., 590; and Quoit Club memorial to M., 592. Leigh, Nicholas, practitioner before M., =4=, 237 _n._ Leipzig, battle of, =4=, 51. _Leopard-Chesapeake_ affair, =3=, 475-77, =4=, 9. Letcher, Robert P., attack on Supreme Court, =4=, 394. Lewis, B., sells house to M., =1=, 189. Lewis, Morgan, and Livingston steamboat monopoly, =4=, 409 _n._ Lewis, William, in Fries trial, =3=, 35. Lewis, William B., as Jackson's adviser, =4=, 532 _n._ Lewis, William D., on opinion in M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, =4=, 289 _n._ _Lex Mercatoria_, as a vade mecum, =1=, 186 _n._ Lexington, Ky., and Jay Treaty, =2=, 118. Liberty, J. Q. Adams on genuine, =2=, 17, 18. _See also_ Government. Libraries, in colonial Virginia, =1=, 25. License, unconstitutionally of State, of importers, =4=, 454-59. Lincoln, Abraham, resemblance to M., =4=, 92, 93; M.'s M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland opinion and Gettysburg Address, 293 _n._; as expounding M.'s doctrines, 344; and Union and slavery, 473. Lincoln, Benjamin, and the militia, =1=, 86; on Shays's Rebellion and Ratification, 343, 347 _n._; and Embargo, =4=, 16. Lincoln, Levi, midnight-appointments myth, =2=, 561, 562; and Marbury _vs._ Madison, =3=, 126; commission on Georgia cession, 574 _n._; and Justiceship, =4=, 108, 109. Lindsay _vs._ Commissioners, =3=, 613. Linn, James, and election of Jefferson, reward, =3=, 81 _n._ Liston, Robert, and Bowles, =2=, 498. Literature, in colonial Virginia, =1=, 24, 25, 43; M.'s taste and reading, 41, 44-46, =4=, 79, 80; M.'s book-buying, =1=, 184-86, =2=, 170; Weems's orders for books (c. 1806), =3=, 252 _n._, 253 _n._ Little _vs._ Barreme, =3=, 273 _n._ Livermore, Samuel, on Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 54. Livingston, Brockholst, on Fletcher _vs._ Peck, =3=, 585; appearance, =4=, 132; and Dartmouth College case, 255-57, 258 _n._, 275; death, 256 _n._ Livingston, Edward, and Jonathan Robins case, =2=, 461, 474; and Wilkinson's reign of terror, =3=, 335; Jefferson's hatred, 335 _n._; Batture litigation, Jefferson case, =4=, 100-16; later career, 115 _n._; Jackson's Nullification Proclamation, 562. Livingston, John R. _See_ North River Steamboat Co. _vs._ Livingston. Livingston, Robert R., and steamboat experiments, =4=, 398, 399; grants of steamboat monopoly in New York, 399; and steamboats on the Mississippi, monopoly in Louisiana, 402, 414; monopoly and interstate voyages, 403, 404; suits, 405-09. _See also_ Gibbons _vs._ Ogden. Livingston, William, on militia, =1=, 86; on evils of paper money, 296. Livingston _vs._ Jefferson, =4=, 100-16. Livingston _vs._ Van Ingen, =4=, 405-09. Loan certificates. _See_ Craig _vs._ Missouri. Localism, and isolation, =4=, 191. _See also_ Nationalism; State Rights. Logan, ----, on Ratification in Virginia, =1=, 445. London, John, and Granville heirs case, =4=, 155 _n._, 156 _n._ Longstreet, William, and Yazoo lands act, =3=, 546-48. Lord, John K., acknowledgment to, =4=, 233 _n._ Lotteries, popularity, =2=, 56 _n._; for public funds, =4=, 344 _n._ _See also_ Cohens _vs._ Virginia. Louis XVI and early French Revolution, =2=, 31 _n._ Louisiana, admission as reason for secession, =4=, 27; grant of steamship monopoly, 402, 414. Louisiana Purchase, retrocession to France, =3=, 146; Jefferson and problem of New Orleans, 146; treaty, 147; Jefferson's dilemma, 147-49; attitude of Federalists, 148-53. Louisville, first steamboat, =4=, 403 _n._ Love, William, testimony in Burr trial, =3=, 488. Lovejoy, King, and Ratification, =1=, 341. Lovell, Sarah (Marshall), =1=, 485. Lowell, John, on Adams's Burr conspiracy report, =3=, 543 _n._; as British partisan, =4=, 9; opposition to War of 1812, 45, 46; on impressment, 53. Lowdermilk, Will H., on Braddock's defeat, =1=, 2 _n._-6 _n._ Lowndes, William, and War of 1812, =4=, 29; on Bank of the United States, 289. Lowrie, Walter, on Missouri question, =4=, 342. Loyalists, Virginia post-Revolutionary legislation, =1=, 214; support Ratification, 423 _n._; attitude (1794), =2=, 110; Federalists accused of favoring, =3=, 32; in M.'s biography of Washington, 245. Lucas, John C. B., and Addison, =3=, 47 _n._ Lucius letters, =2=, 543 _n._ Luckett, John R. N., and Adair, =3=, 336. Lumpkin, Wilson, defies Supreme Court in Cherokee question, =4=, 548, 551, 552 _n._ Lusk, Thomas, in Ratification Convention, =1=, 346. Lynch, Charles, and Burr, =3=, 313. Lynchburg, Va., tribute to M., =4=, 591. Lyon, Matthew, conviction for sedition, =3=, 30, 31; lottery to aid, 32; Jefferson's favor, 81 _n._; and Burr, 292. Lyons, Peter of Virginia Court of Appeals, =4=, 148. McAlister, Matthew, and Yazoo lands, =3=, 555. McCaleb, Walter F., on isolation of Burr, =3=, 280 _n._; on Burr-Merry intrigue, 289 _n._; on Burr-Casa Yrujo intrigue, 290 _n._, 300 _n._; on Morgans, 309 _n._; study of Burr conspiracy, 538 _n._ M'Castle, Doctor, in Burr conspiracy, =3=, 491. Maclay, Samuel, on Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 54; of Smith committee, 541 _n._ McCleary, Michael, witness against Pickering, reward, =3=, 181 _n._ McClung, James, professor at William and Mary, =1=, 155 _n._ McClurg, James, Richmond physician, =1=, 189 _n._ M'Culloch, James W. _See_ M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland. M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, importance and underlying conditions, =4=, 282, 290, 304, 308; agreed case, facts, 283, 331; public interest, 283; counsel, 284; argument, 285-88; acquiescence in power to establish bank, 285, 291; scope of implied powers, 285, 286, 294-301, 316, 337; M.'s opinion, 289-308; preparation of opinion, 290; Federal government established by the people, 292; supremacy of National laws, 293; sources of power to establish bank, 295; Federal freedom of choice of instruments, 301; Federal instruments exempt from State taxation, 304-07; and National taxation of State banks, 307, 308; National powers paramount over State power of taxation, 302-04; attack on opinion in _Niles' Register_, 309-12; bank as monopoly, 310, 311, 338; opinion as political issue, union of attack with slavery and secession questions, 311, 314, 325-27, 338, 339; opinion as opportunity for Virginia attack on M., 312; Roane's attack, 312-17; M. and attacks, his reply, 314, 315, 318-23; attack on concurring Republican Justices, 317; Roane buys and M. sells bank stock, 317, 318; demand for another court, 323, 325; censure by Virginia Legislature, 324-27; denunciation by Ohio Legislature, 330-33; action by other States, 333-35; denial of power to erect bank, 334, 336, 337; Taylor's attack, 335-39; Jefferson's comment, 339; Jackson denies authority of decision, 530-32. McDonald, Anthony, as teaching hatter, =1=, 272. McDonald, Joseph E., on M. as a lover, =1=, 163 _n._ McDuffie, George, and non-intercourse with tariff States, =4=, 538. McGrane, R. C., acknowledgment to, =4=, 318 _n._ McHenry, James, forced resignation, =2=, 485; on M. and State portfolio, 489; on Adams's temperament, 489 _n._; on Federalist dissensions, 521; and sedition trial, =3=, 32. M'Ilvaine _vs._ Coxe's Lessee, =4=, 54 _n._ M'Intosh, Lachlan, and Yazoo lands act, =3=, 547. McKean, Thomas, in Ratification Convention, =1=, 330, 332; and pardon of Fries, =2=, 429. Mackie, ----, Richmond physician, =1=, 189 _n._ M'Lean, John, relief bill, =1=, 204. McLean, Justice John, appointment, =4=, 510; dissent in Craig _vs._ Missouri, 513; and M., 582; and Briscoe _vs._ Bank and New York _vs._ Miln, 583, 584 _n._ Macon, Nathaniel, and Chase impeachment, =3=, 170. MacRae, Alexander, prosecutes Burr, =3=, 407; on subpoena to Jefferson, 437; on M.'s statement of prosecution's expectation of conviction, 448; on overt act, 494; in trial for misdemeanor, 522. Madison, Bishop James, as professor at William and Mary, =1=, 155. Madison, James, as statesman, =1=, 32; in the Legislature, 203; on post-Revolutionary Legislature, 205, 206; on amendment of constitutions, 216; and British debts, 226, 228; and payment of Continental debt, 235, 440; and extradition bill, 236, 239; loses faith in democracy, 252, 300; on state of trade (1785), 262; use of cipher, 266 _n._; on community isolation, 285; on demand for division of property, 294; on spirit of repudiation, 295, 306; fear of paper money, 297 _n._; on failure of requisitions, 305 _n._; on economic basis of evils under Confederation, 310, 311; on need of uniform control of commerce, 312; on need of negative on State acts, 312; on opposition in Pennsylvania to Ratification, 338; change of views, 338, 401, =2=, 46, 50, 79; on Ratification contest in Massachusetts, =1=, 339; on Hancock, 339 _n._; on Massachusetts amendments, 349; on contest in New Hampshire, 355; and Randolph's attitude on Ratification, 362, 363, 377; on delegates to the Virginia Convention, 367; in Ratification Convention: and detailed debate, 370; and offer of conciliation, 384; on prospects of Convention, 384, 434, 462; participation in debate deferred, 384; characterized, 394; in the debate in Convention, 394, 395, 397, 421, 428, 430-32, 440, 442, 449, 470; compared with Hamilton, 397 _n._; on Oswald at Richmond, 402; on opposition's policy of delay, 434; on treaty-making power, 442; and gradual consolidation, 446; on Judiciary, 449; on Judiciary debate, 461, 462; in contest over recommendatory amendments, 473; on personal influence in Ratification, 476; on Publicola papers, =2=, 15 _n._, 19; influence on, of popularity of French Revolution, 20, 27; on opposition after Ratification, 45; defeated for Senate, 49, 50; elected to the House, 50 _n._; attacks M. (1793), 99, 100; and M.'s integrity, 140; and appointment to X. Y. Z. Mission, 227, 281; on X. Y. Z. dispatches, 340; on Alien Act, 382; Virginia Resolutions, 399; address of the Legislature, 400, 401; and Adams's Cabinet, 487; on Washington's and Adams's temperaments, 487 _n._; on champagne, =3=, 10 _n._; and Marbury _vs._ Madison, 110, 111, 126; on declaring acts void, 115 _n._, 120 _n._; and Judiciary Act of 1789, 129; and M.'s biography of Washington, 228, 229; and Miranda, 300, 301; and trial of Burr, 390-92; and Andrew Jackson, 405; and Ogden-Smith trial, 436 _n._; and J. Q. Adams, 541 _n._; on obligation of contracts, 558 _n._, =4=, 245; commission on Georgia cession, =3=, 574 _n._; inauguration, 585; and Fletcher _vs._ Peck, 593; and Olmstead case, =4=, 21; Erskine incident, 22; and Minister Jackson, 23; and Napoleon's pretended revocation of decrees, 26, 36-39, 48-50; War Message, 29; M. proposed as opponent for Presidency (1812), 31-34; dismisses Smith, 34; and Hay's pamphlet on impressment, 53; Jefferson and appointment of Tyler as District Judge, 103-06; and successor to Justice Cushing, 106-10; and first Bank of the United States, 172; and second Bank, 180; and attack on Judiciary, 371, 378; veto of Bonus Bill, 417; Randolph's arraignment, 419; on commerce clause, 423 _n._; and American Colonization Society, 474, 476 _n._; in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 484; conservatism there, 489, 507; and tenure of judges of abolished court, 496, 500; on Nullification, 556; M. on it, 557; later explanation of Virginia Resolves, 557. Mail, conditions (c. 1790), =1=, 264-66; secrecy violated, 266. Maine, Sir Henry S., on Dartmouth College case, =4=, 277. Maine, and Nullification, =4=, 559. Majority, decrease in faith of rule by, =1=, 252, 253; rights, =2=, 17; M. on rule, 402. _See also_ Democracy; Government. Malaria, in Washington, =3=, 6. Mandamus jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Judiciary Act of 1789, M.'s opinion of unconstitutionality, =3=, 127, 128, 132, 133; general acceptance of jurisdiction, 128-30. Manhattan Company, Burr and charter, =3=, 287 _n._ Manufactures, M. on conditions in France (1797), =2=, 267, 268; effect of War of 1812, =4=, 57. Marbury, William, Marbury _vs._ Madison, =3=, 110. Marbury _vs._ Madison, underlying question, =3=, 49, 50, 75, 104-09, 116, 118, 127, 131, 142; references to, in Judiciary debate (1802), 61 _n._, 63, 78, 80, 86; expected granting of mandamus, 62 _n._, 90 _n._, 112; arguments anticipated, M.'s knowledge of earlier statements, 75, 116-20, 611-13; facts of case, 110, 111; as vehicle for assertion of constitutional authority of Judiciary, dilemma and its solution, 111, 126-33; dangers in M.'s course, 111-14; M.'s personal interest, 124, 125; practical unimportance of case, 125; hearing, 125, 126; M.'s opinion, 133-42; right to commission, 133-35; mandamus as remedy, 135; unconstitutionality of Court's mandamus jurisdiction, 136-38; declaring acts void, 138-42; opinion and assault on Judiciary, 143, 153, 155; Jefferson and opinion, 143, 144, 153, 431, 432, =4=, 363; little notice of decision, =3=, 153-55; first citation, 154 _n._ Marietta, Ohio, and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 312, 324. Marine Corps, debate in Congress (1800), =2=, 446-48. Markham, Elizabeth, =1=, 14, 16. Markham, Lewis, =1=, 16. Marriage, Henry's plan for intermarriage of whites and Indians, =1=, 240 _n._, 241. Marryat, Frederick, on newspaper abuse, =4=, 175 _n._; on Localism, 191. Marsh, Charles, and Dartmouth College case, =4=, 256, 258. Marshall, Abraham, M.'s uncle, =1=, 485. Marshall, Alexander, M.'s brother, birth, =1=, 38 _n._ Marshall, Ann, Mrs. Smith, =1=, 485. Marshall, Charles, M.'s brother, birth, =1=, 38 _n._ Marshall, Charlotte, M.'s sister, birth, =1=, 56 _n._ Marshall, Edward C, M.'s son, birth, =4=, 73 _n._; education, 73. Marshall, Elizabeth (Markham), M.'s grandmother, =1=, 14, 16; bequest in husband's will, 485, 486. Marshall, Elizabeth, M.'s sister, birth, =1=, 34 _n._ Marshall, Elizabeth, acknowledgment to, =4=, 528 _n._ Marshall, Hester (Morris), =2=, 203. Marshall, Humphrey, as delegate to Ratification Convention, =1=, 320; on popular fear of Constitution, 321 _n._; votes for ratification, 411 _n._; and Jay Treaty, =2=, 118; and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 315, 317; on Embargo and secession, =4=, 17. Marshall, Jacquelin A., M.'s son, birth, =1=, 190 _n._, =4=, 73 _n._; education, 73. Marshall, James K., M.'s son, birth, =2=, 453, =4=, 73 _n._; education, 73; M.'s home with, 528. Marshall, James M., M.'s brother, birth, =1=, 38 _n._; M. helps, 197; and imprisonment of Lafayette, =2=, 33; and Fairfax estate, 100, 203-11; and M.'s business affairs, 173 _n._; marriage to Morris's daughter, 203; and M. in Europe, 232 _n._; staff office in French War, 357; Federal appointment as nepotism, 560 _n._; witness in Marbury _vs._ Madison, =3=, 126. _See also_ Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee. Marshall, Jane, M.'s sister, birth, =1=, 56 _n._; M. and love affair, =2=, 174, 175; marriage, 175 _n._ Marshall, John, M.'s grandfather, career, =1=, 12, 13; will, 485; deed from William Marshall, 487, 488. Marshall, John, M.'s uncle, =1=, 485. Marshall, John, _early years and private life_: birth, =1=, 6; Randolph and Isham ancestry, 10; similarity in conditions of Jefferson's birth, 11 _n._; Marshall ancestry, real and traditional, 12-16; Keith ancestry, 16; boyhood homes and migrations, 33-37, 55; boyhood life, 38-41; education, 42, 53, 57; and his father, 42; reading, Pope's poems, 44-46; training in order, 45; influence of Lord Fairfax on training, 49 _n._; influence of James Thompson, 54; reads Blackstone, 56; to be a lawyer, 56; military training, 56; training from father's service as burgess, 65, 66; drilling master for other youths, 70; patriotic speeches (1775), 72; at battle of Great Bridge, 76, 78; lieutenant in the line, 79, 91; on militia during the Revolution, 85, 100; military promotions, 91, 138; spirit as army officer, 91; in Brandywine campaign, 93-97; in the retreat, 99; in battle of Germantown, 102; cheerful influence at Valley Forge, 117-19, 132; Deputy Judge Advocate, 119; judicial training in army, 119; in Monmouth campaign, 135, 137; on Lee at Monmouth, 137; Stony Point, 139, 140; Pawles Hook, 142; inaction, awaiting a command, 143, 161; and Arnold's invasion, 144; meeting with future wife, courting, relations with Ambler family, 152-54, 159-61, 163; at William and Mary, extent of law studies, 154, 155, 160, 161, 174-76; in Phi Beta Kappa, 158; in debating society, 159; licensed to practice law, 161; resigns commission, 162; walks to Philadelphia to be inoculated, 162; marriage, 165, 166; financial circumstances at time of marriage, 166-69; slaves, 167, 180; social effect of marriage, 170; first Richmond home, 170; lack of legal equipment, 173, 176; early account books, 176-81, 184-90, 197; early fees and practice, 177, 181, 184, 187, 190, 196; children, 179, 190, =2=, 370 _n._, 453, =4=, 72-74; and Gallatin (1784), =1=, 183; buys military certificates, 184; Fauquier land from father, 186; as a Mason, 187, =2=, 176; City Recorder, =1=, 188; later Richmond home and neighbors, 189, =2=, 171; first prominent case, Hite _vs._ Fairfax, =1=, 191-96; employed by Washington, 196; buys Fauquier land, 196; Robert Morris's lawyer, 401 _n._; list of cases, 567-70; and James River Company, =2=, 56; profits from legal practice, 169-71, 201; and new enterprises, 174; method as pleader, 177-82, 192-96; extent of legal knowledge, 178; neglect of precedents, 179; statement of cases, 180, 181; character of cases, 181; in Ware _vs._ Hylton, on British debts, 186-92; and Robert Morris, investments, 199, 200; Fairfax estate, 203-11, 371, 372, =3=, 223, 224, =4=, 148-50, 150 _n._, 152, 157; financial reasons for accepting X. Y. Z. Mission, =2=, 211-13; biography of Washington (_see_ Biography); as Beaumarchais's attorney, 292; interest in stability of contracts, =3=, 582; life in Washington, =4=, 80, 81; illness, operation for stone, 518, 520-24, 528; will, 525 _n._; later residence, 527; decline, 586, 587; death, 587; escort of body to Richmond, 588; funeral, 588; inscription on tomb, 593. _Virginia Legislature, Ratification, and later State affairs_: elections to Legislature, =1=, 164, 202, 211, 212, 228, 242, =2=, 54, 130, 159; character as legislator, =1=, 202; committee appointments and routine work, 204, 213, 218, 368, =2=, 54-56, 141; first votes, =1=, 204; on character of Legislature, 206-08; elected to Council of State, 209; election resented, forced out, 209, 211, 212; political importance of membership in Council, 209 _n._, 210; and Revolutionary veterans, 213; and relief for Thomas Paine, 213; and loyalists, 214; on amendment of Constitution, 216; and Potomac Company, 218; and chancery bill (1787), 218-20; indifference to religious freedom question, 220, 222; and British debts, 222, 225-31; and Continental debt and navigation acts, 234, 235; and extradition bill, 240; and intermarriage of whites and Indians, 240 _n._, 241; and calling of Ratification Convention, 242, 246, 247; on Shays's Rebellion, 298, 299, 300 _n._, 302; practical influences on stand for Ratification, 313, 314; on opposition to Ratification, 356; candidacy for Ratification Convention, 364; importance in the Convention, 367; in the Convention: study, 391; on Philips attainder case, 393 _n._, 411; social influence in Convention, 409; in the debate, 409-20, 436-38, 450-61; on necessity of well-ordered government, 409-11; on navigation of the Mississippi, 411; on necessity of delegated powers, 412, 413; on Federal taxation, 413-16, 419; on amendments, 412, 418; on control of militia and preparedness, 436-38; on concurrent powers, 436; and Henry, 438, 464; on Federal Judiciary, 450-61; on independence of Judiciary, 451, 459; on declaring acts void, 452, 453, =2=, 18; on suits against States, =1=, 454; on discretion in Congress, 454; on other jurisdiction, 455; on jury trial, 456, 457; of committee on amendments, 477; on opposition after Ratification, =2=, 45 _n._; survey and report on Virginia internal improvements, =4=, 42-45; and Bank of Virginia incident, 194; election to Constitutional Convention, 467; attitude on issues there, 468, 470, 471, 488, 507, 508; standing there, 489; in debate on Judiciary, 489-501; and on suffrage, 502; anticipates split of Virginia, 571. _Federal affairs_: relationship with Jefferson, =1=, 9; on early approbation of French Revolution, =2=, 4; on St. Domingo negro insurrection, 20, 21; on popular enthusiasm for French Revolution, 22, 23; on conservative American opinion, 23; and imprisonment of Lafayette, 32-34; and democratic societies, 41; on origin of State Rights contest, 48; and Madison's candidacy for Senate, 50; declines Federal appointments, 53; and first amendments, 58; and attack on assumption, 65, 66; continued popularity, 78; Jefferson's attempt to sidetrack him (1792), 79-81; refuses to stand for Congress (1792), 81; on opposition to Federal excise, 87; and Whiskey Insurrection, 89, 90; Brigadier-General of Militia, 90; on assault on Neutrality Proclamation, 93, 94, 96; support of policy of neutrality, 97-99, 235, 387, 402, 403, 507-09; first Republican attacks on, 98-103; and post at New Orleans (1793), 99; attacks on character, 101-03, 409, 410; military enforcement of neutrality, 103-06; on British depredations on neutral trade (1794), 108; on retention of frontier posts, 111; leader of Virginia Federalists, 122; refuses Cabinet offers, 122, 123, 147; advises on Cabinet appointments, 124-26, 132; defense of Jay Treaty, 126, 129 _n._; and Jay Treaty resolutions of Legislature, 133-37; on treaty-making power (1795), 134-36; and Legislature's indirect censure of Washington, 138, 140; Jefferson's accusation of hypocrisy (1795), 139, 140; and proposed amendments, 141; declines French mission (1796), 144-46; and Richmond meeting on Jay Treaty, 149-55; sounds Henry on presidential candidacy (1796), 156-58; and Virginia address to Washington (1796), 159-62; growth of the Jefferson feud, 165; and Federalist leaders (1796), 198; declines Jay Treaty commissionship, 200-02; X. Y. Z. Mission [_see_ this title]; on John Adams (1797), 214; Adams on, 218; on The Hague, 231; on 18th Fructidor, 232, 236-44; on conditions in Holland (1797), 233-35; on conditions at Antwerp, 246, 247; on French economic conditions, 267-70; on Treaty of Campo Formio, 271; on French military and financial conditions, 321-23; on liberty and excess of press, 331; refuses Associate Justiceship, 347, 378, 379; beginning of Jefferson's open warfare, 358; Washington persuades him to run for Congress (1798), 374-78; Republican attacks on candidacy, M. on attacks, 379, 395, 396, 407, 409, 410; on expediency of Alien and Sedition Acts, 386, 388, 389, =3=, 106; answers to queries on principles, =2=, 386-89, 574-77; Federalists on views on Alien and Sedition Acts, 389-94, 406; on motives of Virginia Republicans, 394, 407; address of minority of Virginia Legislature, 402-06; on rule of the majority, 402; on preparedness, 403, 476-80, 531; attack on Virginia Resolutions, 404; on constitutionality of Alien and Sedition Acts, 404; electioneering, 409; defeat expected, 410; effect of Henry's support, 410-13; at the polls, 413-16; elected, 416; Washington's congratulations, 416; apology to Washington for statements of supporters, 416, 417; Federalists on election, their misgivings, 417-19; Jefferson on election, 419; and officers for army (1799), 420; visit to father in Kentucky, Jefferson's fear of political mission, 421, 422; and French hostility as Federalist asset, 422; approves reopening of French negotiations, 428, 433, 436; importance to Federalists in Congress, 432, 436, 437; of committee to notify President, 432; reply of House to Adams's address, 433-36; on question of reducing army (1800), 436, 439, 476-81; on campaign plots and issues, 438-40; addresses on death of Washington, 440-43; and phrase "first in war," 443-45; use of term "American Nation," 441; activity in Congress, 445; and cession of Western Reserve, 446; and powers of territorial Governor, 446; and army officers' insult of Randolph, 446; and Marine Corps Bill, debate with Randolph, 446-48; and land grants for veterans, 448; attitude towards slavery (1800), 449, 450; votes to repeal Sedition Act, 451; political independence, 451, 452; kills Disputed Elections Bill, 455-58; and delay in Jonathan Robins case, 462, 463; importance and oratory of speech on case, 464, 473; arguments in speech, 465-71; on jurisdiction on high seas, 465-67; on basis of piracy, 467; on limitation to jurisdiction of Federal Courts, 468-70; on incidental judicial powers of Executive, 470; on President as sole organ in external relations, 470; comments and effect of speech, 471-75; Jefferson's blindness to merit, 475; and Bankruptcy Bill, 481, 482; refuses War portfolio, 485; appointment as Secretary of State, 486, 489, 491; Republican comment on appointment, 490, 492; Federalist comment, 492; as Secretary, incidents of service, 493, 494, 499; and office-seekers, 494; and pardon of Williams, 495; and continued depredations on neutral trade, 496; and _Sandwich_ incident, 496; and Bowles's activity in Florida, 497-99; and Barbary Powers, 499; and disruption of British-debts commission and proposed compromise, 502-05; instructions to King on British depredations, 506-14; on unwarranted increase of contraband list, 509-11; on paper blockade, 511; on unfairness of British admiralty courts, 511, 512; on impressment, 513; and breaking-up of Federalist Party, 514, 515, 526; loses control of district, 515; and prospects of new French negotiations, 522, 523; and French treaty, 525; writes Adams's address to Congress, 530, 531; on need of navy, 531; and extension of Federal Judiciary, 531, 548; and _Washington Federalist_, 532 _n._, 541, 547 _n._; neutrality in Jefferson-Burr contest, 536-38; personal interest in it, 538, 539; effect of his neutrality, 539; opinion of Jefferson (1800), 537; and threatened deadlock, 541-43; Fairfax estate and Judiciary Bill (1801), 551; continues as Secretary of State, 558; and judgeship for Wolcott, 559, 560; and midnight appointments, myth concerning, 559, 561, 562; and accusation of nepotism, 560 _n._; in defeat of party, =3=, 11; and Republican success, 15; on Jefferson's inaugural, 18; and Callender trial, 39; on trials for violating Neutrality Proclamation, 26; on settlement of British debts controversy, 103; on political conditions (1802), 104; opposition to War of 1812 and hatred of France, =4=, 1-3, 15, 35-41, 49, 50, 55, 125; opposition to Embargo, 14, 15; on Jackson incident and Federalist defeat (1809), 24, 25; proposed for President (1812), 31-34, 46, 47; and Richmond Vigilance Committee, 41 _n._; refrains from voting, 462, 465; incident of election of 1828, 462-65; on House election of Adams, 462 _n._; on Jackson's inauguration, 466; and American Colonization Society, 473-76; and Jackson's war on the Bank, 528, 533, 535; on Virginia and Jackson's veto of Harbor Bill, 534; and election of 1832, 534; and Indian policy, 542 _n._ _Chief Justice_: Appointment, =2=, 553; Adams on qualifications, 554: reception of appointment, 555-57; acceptance, 557, 558; Jefferson and appointment, 652, =3=, 20; general inappreciation of appointment, =2=, 563; change in delivery of opinions, =3=, 16; _Amelia case_, law of prize, 16, 17; Wilson _vs._ Mason, Kentucky land case, 17; United States _vs._ Peggy, treaty as supreme law, 17; Turner _vs._ Fendall, practice and evidence, 18; influence of Alien and Sedition Acts on career, 49; and assault on the Judiciary (1802), 50, 75; Judiciary Act of 1801 and acceptance of Chief Justiceship, 58; and Giles, 76 _n._; Giles's sneer at and Bayard's reply, 77; and annulment of repeal of Judiciary Act, 85, 91, 92, 93 _n._, 95-97, 122, 123, =4=, 489, 490; on circuit, =3=, 101-03, =4=, 63-66; preparation for assertion of constitutional authority of Judiciary, 104, 109; Marbury _vs._ Madison [_see_ this title]; American Insurance Co. _vs._ Canter, annexation and territorial government, =3=, 148, =4=, 143, 144; removal by impeachment planned, his fear of it, =3=, 155, 161-63, 176-79, 192, 196; United States _vs._ Fisher, implied powers, 162; importance of Chase trial to, 175-79, 191, 192, 196, 220, 222; suggests legislative reversal of judicial opinions, 177, 178; Randolph's tribute to, in Chase trial, its political importance, 188, 214-16; as witness in trial, 192-96; early opinions, 273; and rumors on Burr Conspiracy, 338; and habeas corpus for Swartwout and Bollmann, 346; opinion on their discharge, effect of misunderstanding of statement on presence at overt act, 349-57, 414 _n._, 484, 493, 496, 502, 506-09; rebukes of Jefferson's conduct, 351, 376; warrant for Burr's arrest, 370; preliminary hearing and opinion, 370, 372-79; conduct and position during Burr trial, 375, 397, 404, 407, 408, 413 _n._, 421, 423, 480, 483, 484, 494, 517, 526; Jefferson's criticism of preliminary hearing, 386-89; at dinner with Burr, 394-97; on difficulty of fair trial, 401; and counsel at trial, 408; and selection of grand Jury 409, 410, 413; instructions to grand jury, 413-15, 442, 451; and new motion to commit for treason, 415, 416, 421, 422, 424, 425, 428; and subpoena to Jefferson, 434, 443-17, 455, 518-22; admonition to counsel, 439; opinion on overt act, 442, 504-13, 619-26; on prosecution's expectation of conviction, 447-49; and pardon for Bollmann, 452, 453; and attachment against Wilkinson, 473, 475; and confinement of Burr, 474, 478; and selection of petit jury, 475, 482; seeks advice of associates, 480; on preliminary proof of overt act, 485-87; and threat of impeachment, 500, 501, 503, 512, 516; on testimony not on specified overt act, 512, 542; and irregular verdict, 514; denies further trial for treason, 515; and bail after treason verdict, 516; and commitment for trial in Ohio, 524, 527, 528, 531 _n._; Burr's anger at, 524, 528; and Daveiss's pamphlet, 525; attacks on for trial, 526, 532-35, 540; on trial and Baltimore tumult, 529; Jefferson urges impeachment, 530-32; Baltimore mob burns him in effigy, 535-40; J. Q. Adams's report on Burr trial, 542, 543; later relations with Adams, 542 _n._; foreign affairs prevent efforts to impeach, 545; importance of Fletcher _vs._ Peck opinion, 556, 593, 602; knowledge of Granger's memorial on Yazoo claims, 576 _n._; and of congressional debate on it, 582; administers oath to Madison, 585; hearings and opinion in Fletcher _vs._ Peck, Yazoo claims and obligation of contract, 585-91; congressional denunciation of opinion, 595-601; rebukes resistance of National authority by State, opinion in Olmstead case, =4=, 18-20; checks reaction against Nationalism, 58; period of creative labor, 59; influence over associates, causes, 59-61, 444; conduct on the bench, 82; life and consultation of Justices, 86-89; character of control over Supreme Court, 89, 90; popularity with the bar, 94; encourages argument, 94 _n._, 95; Story as supplementing, 96, 119, 120, 523; Story's devotion, 99, 523; Livingston _vs._ Jefferson, Jefferson's manipulation of colleague, 104-16; Nationalism and upholding of doubtful acts of Congress, suppression of personal feelings, 117, 546; _Adventure_ case, interpretation of Embargo, 118; _obiter dicta_, 121, 369; and international law, 121; _Exchange_ case, immunity of foreign man-of-war, 121-25; United States _vs._ Palmer, _Divina Pastora_, international status of revolted province, belligerency, 126-28; dissent in _Venus_ case, domicil during war and enemy character, 128, 129; _Nereid_ case, neutral property in enemy ship, 136-42; and Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee, 145, 148-50, 150 _n._, 152-155, 157, 161, 164; Granville heirs case, 154, 155; private letter on Hunter decision, 164 _n._, 165 _n._; decisions of 1819 as remedies for National ills, 168, 169, 203, 208, 220; Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield, State insolvency laws and obligation of contracts, 209-19; New Jersey _vs._ Wilson, exemption from taxation and obligation of contracts, 221-23; and Dartmouth College case, 251, 252, 255, 259 _n._, 261, 273, 274; opinion in case, charters and obligation of contracts, 261-73; consequences of opinion, 276-81; importance and aim of M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland opinion, 282, 308; on Pinkney, 287; tribute to argument of case, 288; opinion in case, 289-308; debt of Webster and Lincoln to, 293 _n._, 553, 554; attacks on opinion, 309-17, 323-27, 330-39; and change in reputation of Supreme Court, 310; on attacks reply to them, 312, 314, 315, 318-23; sells bank stock, 318; importance and purpose of Cohens _vs._ Virginia, 342; opinion in case, 347-57; on attacks on opinion, 359-62; Jefferson's attack (1821), 363-66; Taylor's attack on Nationalist doctrine, 367; as center of strife over political theories, 370; on Johnson's Elkison opinion, 383; opinion in Osborn _vs._ Bank, 385-94; satisfying disposition of cases, 393, 394; importance and effect of Gibbons _vs._ Ogden, 413, 423, 429, 446, 447, 450; opinion in Brig Wilson _vs._ United States, navigation, 428, 429; opinion in Gibbons _vs._ Ogden, control over commerce, 429-43; tribute to Kent, 430, 441; reception of opinion, 445; change in congressional attitude toward, 452, 454; opinion in Brown _vs._ Maryland, foreign commerce, 455-59; warning to Nullifiers, 459; survival of opinions, 460; character of last decade, 461, 518, 581, 582; _Antelope_ case, slave trade and international law, 476, 477; Boyce _vs._ Anderson, common carriers and transportation of slaves, 478; dissent in Ogden _vs._ Saunders, insolvency laws and future contracts, 481; opinion in Craig _vs._ Missouri, State bills of credit, 510; on Supreme Court and threats of disunion, 512, 513; anticipates reaction in Supreme Court, 513, 514, 582, 584; on proposed repeal of appellate jurisdiction, 514; question of resignation, 519-21; and homage of Philadelphia bar, 521; Jackson's denial of authority of opinions, 530-32; and Georgia-Cherokee contest, 542; opinion in Cherokee Nation _vs._ Georgia, Indians not foreign nation, 544-46; rebukes Jackson's attitude toward contest, 546; opinion in Worcester _vs._ Georgia, control over Indians, 549-51; mandate ignored, 551; opinions and Jackson's Nullification Proclamation, 562, 563; on Story's article on statesmen, 577; and Briscoe _vs._ Bank and New York _vs._ Miln, 583, 584 _n._, 585 _n._; in last term, 585; last opinion, 585. _Characteristics, opinions and their development_: idea of Union in early training, =1=, 9; motto, 17; filial and brotherly affection and care, 39, 196, =2=, 174, 175; influence of early environment, =1=, 33, 41, 42; poetry and novels, 41, =4=, 79, 80; appearance at nineteen, =1=, 71; at twenty-six, 151; in middle age, =2=, 166-69; fighter, =1=, 73; humor, 73, =2=, 111, 146, 181, 182, =4=, 61, 62, 78, 82; athletic ability, =1=, 73, 118, 132; nickname, 74, 132; first lessons on need of organization, 78; influence of army experience, 89, 90, 100, 126, 145-47, 244, 420; sociability, generosity, conviviality, 152, 180, 187, 188, =2=, 102, 483, =4=, 78, 79; as reader, =1=, 153; book-buying, 184-86, =2=, 170; negligent dress, =1=, 163, =4=, 61; gossip, =1=, 182, 183; as letter-writer, negligent of correspondence, 183 _n._, =4=, 203 _n._; and drinking, =1=, 186, =2=, 102 _n._, 332 _n._, =4=, 79; sympathy, =1=, 188; and wife's invalidism, 198, =4=, 66-71; reverence for woman, =1=, 198, =4=, 71, 72; handwriting, =1=, 211; early self-confidence, 211; influence of service in Legislature, 216, 223, 231, 232, 244; growth of Nationalism, 223, 231, 240, 242-44, 286, 287, =2=, 77, 91, =4=, 1, 55; loses faith in democracy, =1=, 252, 254, 294, 302, =3=, 109, 265, =4=, 4, 55, 93, 479-83, 488, 507; characterized at Ratification Convention, =1=, 408, 409; as speaker, 409 _n._, 420, =2=, 188, 464; argument by questions, =1=, 457 _n._; influence of Ratification, 479; influence of French Revolution, =2=, 3, 4, 7-9, 20, 32, 34, 44; preparation for Nationalistic leadership, 52; integrity, 140, 563, =4=, 90; effect on, of abuse of Washington, =2=, 163; appreciation of own powers, 168; and French language, 170 _n._, 219; trust, 173; diversions, 182-85, =4=, 66, 76-78; La Rochefoucauld's analysis of character, =2=, 196, 197; ambitiousness, 197; indolence, 197, 483; domesticity, 214, 215, 217, 219, 220, 231, 284-86, 369-71, =4=, 461, 532; love of theater, =2=, 217, 231; influence of experiences in France, 287-89, =4=, 2, 3, 15, 125; peacefulness, =2=, 369; Sedgwick on character, 483, 484; and popularity, 483; good nature, 483, 484; charm, 483, 484, 563, =4=, 81, 90; independence, =2=, 484; fearlessness, 484; unappreciated masterfulness, 563; and policy of isolation, =3=, 14 _n._; light-heartedness, 102; and honors, 271, =4=, 89; appearance in maturity, =3=, 371; and Burr contrasted, 371, 372; on right of secession, 430; impressiveness, 447; prejudice-holding, =4=, 2; denies right of expatriation, 53-55; not learned, 60; simplicity of daily life, 61-63; marketing, 61; deliberateness, 62; fondness for children, 63; interest in agriculture, 63; habits of thought and writing, 64, 67, 169, 220, 290; abstraction, 64, 85; religion, 69-71; life at Fairfax estate, 74; kindness, 75; conscientiousness, 76; lack of personal enemies, 78; dislike of Washington formal society, 83-85; as conversationalist, 85; portraits, 85 _n._, 522 _n._; dislike of publicity, 89; character in general, 90; resemblance to Lincoln, 92, 93; and imprisonment for debt, 215, 216; Roane's tribute, 313; and criticism, 321; humanness, 321; contrasted with Jackson, 466; on uplift and labor problem, 471; and slavery, 472-79; and death of wife, tribute to her memory, 524-27; country's esteem, 578, 581 _n._; Story on green old age, 579; on attitude toward Jefferson, 579, 580; and Story's Commentaries and dedication to himself, 569, 576, 580, 581; on Nullification, 556-59, 562, 569-72, 574, 575; despondent over state of country, 575-78; tributes at death, 589-92; hostile criticism, 591; Story's verses on, 592, 593. Marshall, John, M.'s son, M. on, as baby, =2=, 370; birth, 370 _n._, =4=, 73 _n._; education, 73. Marshall, John, New England skipper, =4=, 223. Marshall, Judith, M.'s sister, birth, =1=, 38 _n._ Marshall, Louis, M.'s brother, birth, =1=, 56 _n._ Marshall, Lucy, M.'s sister, birth, =1=, 38 _n._; marriage, 166 _n._; M. helps, 197. Marshall, Martha, M.'s putative great-grandmother, =1=, 483. Marshall, Mary, M.'s aunt, =1=, 486. Marshall, Mary, M.'s sister, birth, =1=, 34 _n._ Marshall, Mary, M.'s daughter, Mrs. Jacquelin B. Harvie, =3=, 192 _n._, =4=, 73; birth, 73 _n._ Marshall, Mary Randolph (Keith), M.'s mother, ancestry and parents, =1=, 10, 16-18; education and character, 18, 19; children, 19, 34, 38 _n._, 56 _n._ Marshall, Mary W. (Ambler), courtship, =1=, 148-54, 159, 160, 163; marriage to M., 165, 166; children, 179, 190, =2=, 370 _n._, 453, =4=, 73 _n._; religion, =1=, 189 _n._, =4=, 69; items in M.'s account book, =1=, 197; invalid, M.'s devotion, 198, =2=, 371 _n._, =4=, 66-69; independent means, 524 _n._; death, M.'s tribute, 524-27. Marshall, Nancy, M.'s sister, birth, =1=, 56 _n._ Marshall, Peggy, M.'s aunt, =1=, 486. Marshall, Sarah, Mrs. Lovell, =1=, 485. Marshall, Susan, M.'s sister, birth, =1=, 56 _n._ Marshall, Thomas, M.'s putative great grandfather, =1=, 14; will, 483, 484. Marshall, Thomas, father of M., and Washington, =1=, 7, 46; and Braddock's expedition, 8; similarity to Jefferson's father, 11; birth, 13; character, 19; children, 19, 34, 38 _n._, 56 _n._; as a frontiersman, 31; settlement in Fauquier County, 33, 34; migration to "The Hollow," 34-37; appearance, 35; slaves, 37 _n._; education, 42; and M., 42; influence of Lord Fairfax, 47, 50; offices, 51, 58 _n._, 170 _n._; leases land, 51; vestryman, 52; acquires Oak Hill, 55; in House of Burgesses, 58, 61, 64; in Virginia Convention (1775), 65, 66; prepares for war, 67; major of minute-men, 69; at battle of Great Bridge, 76, 77; enters Continental service, 79; in crossing of the Delaware, 91; promotions, 95; in Brandywine campaign, 95; colonel of State Artillery, 96 _n._, 117 _n._; source on military services, 148 _n._, 489; not at surrender of Charleston, 148 _n._; property, 166; financial stress, moves to Kentucky, 167-69; gives M. land, 186; and M.'s election to Legislature, 202; and M.'s election to Council of State, 209 _n._; and British debts, 229, 231; in Virginia Legislature from Kentucky, 229; bequest from father, 485; on Kentucky and National Government (1791), =2=, 68 _n._; resignation as Supervisor of Revenue, on trials of office, 212 _n._, 213 _n._; M.'s visit to (1799), 421, 422. Marshall, Thomas, M.'s brother, birth, =1=, 34 _n._; in Revolutionary army, 117 _n._ Marshall, Thomas, M.'s son, birth, =1=, 179 _n._, =4=, 73 _n._; education, 73; home, 74; killed, 588. Marshall, William, putative great uncle of M., =1=, 12, 14, 483; deed to M.'s grandfather, 487, 488. Marshall, William, M.'s uncle, =1=, 485. Marshall, William, M.'s brother, birth, =1=, 38 _n._; and Chase impeachment, =3=, 176, 191, 192. Marshals, United States, plan to remove Federalist, =3=, 21; conduct in sedition trials, 42. Martin, Luther, and Callender trial, =3=, 37; in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, 115 _n._; counsel for Chase, 186; career and character, 186 _n._, 187 _n._, 538 _n._; argument, 201-06; counsel for Swartwout and Bollmann, 348; counsel for Burr, 407, 428; security for Burr, 429 _n._; on subpoena to Jefferson, 436, 437, 441, 451; Jefferson's threat to arrest, 451; on pardon for Bollmann, 452-54; and confining of Burr, 474; public hostility, 480 _n._; on preliminary proof of overt act, 485; intemperance, 501 _n._, 586 _n._; on overt act, 501-04; on the verdict, 513; and Baltimore mob, 535-40; Burr's friendship, 538 _n._; counsel in Fletcher _vs._ Peck, 585, 586; as practitioner before M., =4=, 95; and Dartmouth College case, 238 _n._; counsel in M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 284, 286. Martin, Philip, sale of Fairfax estate, =2=, 203 _n._, =4=, 149, 150 _n._ _See also_ Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee. Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee, early case, =2=, 206-08; importance, =4=, 144, 166, 167; M.'s connection with decision, 145, 153, 161, 164; interest of M.'s brother in case, 145, 150, 153 _n._, 160; Virginia's political organization, 146; Hunter's grant, Fairfax's State case against it, 147; Marshall syndicate compromise on Fairfax lands, 148; compromise and Hunter's claim, 149, 150 _n._, 152, 157, 163; decision for Hunter in State court, 151, 152; Hunter's social position, 151 _n._; appeal to Supreme Court involving treaties, 153; Federal statute covering appeal, 153 _n._; M. and similar North Carolina case, 154, 155; Story's opinion, treaty protects Fairfax rights, 156; Johnson's dissent, 157; Virginia court denies right of Supreme Court to hear appeal, 157-60; second appeal to Supreme Court, 160; Story's opinion on right of appeal, 161-63; M.'s private letter on appellate power, 164 _n._, 165 _n._; Johnson's dissent on control over State courts, 165, 166. Martineau, Harriet, on M.'s attitude toward women, =4=, 72. Maryland, and Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, =3=, 105 _n._; tax on Bank of the United States, =4=, 207. _See also_ Brown _vs._ Maryland; M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland. Mason, George, as statesman, =1=, 32; in the Legislature, 203; on character of post-Revolutionary Legislature, 205 _n._; and amendment of Virginia Constitution (1784), 217; and chancery bill (1787), 219; on loose morals, 220; and British debts, 229 _n._, 230 _n._, 231; and Confederate navigation acts, 235; and calling of Ratification Convention, 245; in Ratification Convention: characterized, 369; motion for detailed debate, 369; and delay, 372; on consolidated government, 382; on conciliation, 383; in the debate, 421-23, 435, 438-40, 445, 448, 467; appeal to class hatred, 422, 439 _n._, 467; denounces Randolph, 423; fear of the Federal District, 438, 439; on payment of public debt, 440, 441; on Judiciary, 445-47; on suppression of Clinton's letter, 478; and M., =2=, 78; in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, =3=, 115 _n._; and on obligation of contracts, 558 _n._ Mason, Jeremiah, as practitioner before M., =4=, 95; counsel in Dartmouth College case, 233, 234, 250, 251; fee and portrait, 255 _n._; Bank controversy, 529. Mason, Jonathan, on X. Y. Z. dispatches, =2=, 338, 342; in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, =3=, 60. Mason, Stevens T., divulges Jay Treaty, =2=, 115, =3=, 63 _n._; on Virginia and Jay Treaty, =2=, 151 _n._; appearance, =3=, 62; in debate on repeal of the Judiciary Act, 63-65. Masonry, M.'s interest, =1=, 187, =2=, 176; first hall at Richmond, =1=, 188. Massac, Fort, Burr at, =3=, 294. Massachusetts, drinking in colonial, =1=, 23 _n._; Shays's Rebellion, 298-303; policy of Constitutionalists, 339; character of opposition to Ratification, 339, 340, 344-47; strength and standpoint of opposition, 344; influence of Hancock, 347; recommendatory amendments and Ratification, 348, 349; soothing the opposition, 350-53; question of bribery, 353 _n._, 354 _n._; and Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, =3=, 43, 105 _n._; and Embargo, =4=, 12, 15, 17; and War of 1812, 48 _n._; and M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 334; steamboat monopoly, 415; Constitutional Convention (1820), 471. Massachusetts Historical Society, makes M. a corresponding member, =3=, 271. Massie, Thomas, buys land from M.'s father, =1=, 168. Mattauer divorce case in Virginia, =2=, 55 _n._ Matthews, George, journey (1790), =3=, 55 _n._; and Yazoo lands bill, 549-51. Matthews, Thomas, and chancery bill (1787), =1=, 219; presides in Ratification Convention, 468. Maxwell, William, Brandywine campaign, =1=, 93. Mayo, John, defeat and duel, =2=, 515. Mazzei letter, =2=, 537 _n._, 538 _n._ Mead, Cowles, and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 362, 363. Meade, William, on drinking, =1=, 23; on irreligion, 221 _n._; on M.'s daily life, =4=, 63, 63 _n._, 69. Mellen, Prentice, on bankruptcy frauds, =4=, 202. Mercer, Charles F., on M., =4=, 489 _n._ Mercer, John, grand juror on Burr, =3=, 413 _n._ Mercer, John Francis, in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, =3=, 115 _n._ Meredith, Jonathan, counsel in Brown _vs._ Maryland, =4=, 455. Merlin de Douai, Philippe A., election to Directory, =2=, 243. Merry, Anthony, intrigue with Federalist Secessionists, =3=, 281; and Burr, 287-90, 299. Mexican Association, =3=, 295. Mexico. _See_ Burr Conspiracy. Midnight appointments, =2=, 559-62; ousted, =3=, 95. Milan Decree, =4=, 7. Military certificates, M. purchases, =1=, 184. Military titles, passion for, =1=, 327 _n._, 328 _n._ Militia, in the Revolution, =1=, 83-86, 100; debate in Ratification Convention on efficiency, 393, 406 _n._; on control, 435-38; uniform in Virginia (1794), =2=, 104 _n._; M. on unreliability, 404. Milledge, John, on Yazoo lands, =3=, 573 _n._ Miller, James, and Yazoo lands, =3=, 566 _n._ Miller, Stephen D., and Nullification, =4=, 555. "Millions for defense," origin of slogan, =2=, 348. Minor, Stephen, Spanish agent, and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 256, 329 _n._ Mirabeau, Comte de, on the Cincinnati, =1=, 293. Miranda, Francisco de, plans, knowledge of Administration, =3=, 286, 300, 301, 306; and Burr conspiracy, 306, 308; Ogden-Smith trial, 436 _n._ Mississippi River, free navigation in Virginia debate on Ratification, =1=, 399, 403, 411, 420, 430-32; first steamboat =4=, 402, 402 _n._, 403 _n._; steamboat monopoly, 402, 414. Mississippi Territory, powers of Governor, =2=, 446; Burr, =3=, 362-68. Missouri. _See_ next title, and Craig _vs._ Missouri. Missouri Compromise, Virginia resolutions against restriction, =4=, 325-29; struggle and secession, 340-42. Mitchel _vs._ United States, M.'s last opinion, =4=, 585. Mitchell, Samuel L., votes to acquit Chase, =3=, 219, 220. Monarchy, fear, =1=, 290 _n._, 291, 334, 391, =2=, 383. _See also_ Government. Money, varieties in circulation (1784), =1=, 218 _n._; debased, 297; scarcity (c. 1788), =2=, 60 _n._ _See also_ Finances; Paper money. Monmouth campaign, =1=, 134-38. Monopoly, Bank of the United States as, =4=, 310, 311, 336, 338, 531. Monroe, James, Stirling's aide, =1=, 119; and selling of land rights, 168; and realizing on warrants, 181, 212; and chancery bill (1787), 219; and British debts, 229 _n._, 231; use of cipher, 266 _n._; in debate in Ratification Convention, 407, 408, 431; candidacy for House (1789), =2=, 50 _n._; on service in Legislature, 81 _n._; on M.'s support of policy of neutrality, 98; and M.'s integrity, 140; as Minister to France, 144, 222, 224; attack on Washington, 222; and movement to impeach Justices, =3=, 59; and J. Q. Adams, 541 _n._; and M., =4=, 40; report on St. Cloud Decree, 48; M.'s review of it, 49, 50; and Hay's pamphlet on impressment, 53; and Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee, 160; and second Bank of the United States, 180 _n._; and internal improvements, 418 _n._; in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 484; conservatism there, 489. Montgomery, John, and Chase, =3=, 170; as witness in Chase trial, 189 _n._ Moore, Albert, resigns Justiceship, =3=, 109 _n._ Moore, John B., on M. and international law, =4=, 117, 121 _n._ Moore, Richard C., at M.'s funeral, =4=, 589. Moore, Thomas, on Washington, =3=, 9. Moore, William, on election of Ratification delegates, =1=, 360. Moravians, during American Revolution, =1=, 110 _n._, 116. Morgan, Charles S., in Virginia Constitutional Convention, =4=, 501 _n._ Morgan, George, and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 309, 465, 488. Morgan, James, votes for war, =4=, 29 _n._ Morrill, David L., resolution against dueling, =3=, 278 _n._ Morris, Gouverneur, and Ratification in Virginia, =1=, 401, 433; on American and French revolutions, =2=, 2 _n._; unfavorable reports of French Revolution, 6-9, 26 _n._, 248; recall from French Mission, 221; in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, =3=, 60, 61, 65, 66, 70, 71; Mason's sarcasm, 64; on reporting debates, 67 _n._; on Jefferson's pruriency, 90 _n._; in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, 115 _n._; and on obligation of contracts, 557 _n._; and Judiciary Act of 1789, 128; on Napoleon, =4=, 2. Morris, Hester, marries J. M. Marshall, =2=, 203. Morris, Robert, as financial boss, =1=, 335; as a peculator, 336; and Ratification in Virginia, 401, 402 _n._; and M., 401 _n._; and Cabinet position, =2=, 63; and M.'s purchase of Fairfax estate, 101, 203, 206, 209, 211; and M.'s investments, 199, 200; land speculation, 202, 205 _n._; connection with M.'s family, 203; and Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 129; and Yazoo lands, 555. Morris, Thomas, in Judiciary debate (1802), =3=, 74 _n._ Morse, Jedediah, on secession, =3=, 152. Morton, Perez, and Yazoo claims, =3=, 576 _n._ Motto, M.'s, =1=, 17. Mumkins, Betsy, M.'s domestic, =1=, 190. Murch, Rachel, and Dartmouth College troubles, =4=, 226. Murdock, T. J., on Story and Dartmouth College case, =4=, 257 _n._ Murphey, Archibald D., on M.'s biography of Washington, =3=, 272. Murray, William Vans, on Gerry in X. Y. Z. Mission, =2=, 258 _n._, 363; on memorial of X. Y. Z. envoys, 309; on M.'s views on Alien and Sedition Acts, 394, 406; on M.'s election (1799), 419; and reopening of French negotiations, 423; on repeal of Judiciary Act, =3=, 94. Murrell, John, and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 362. Mutual Assurance Society of Virginia, M. and origin, =2=, 174. Napoleon I., and 18th Fructidor, =2=, 230, 246; Treaty of Campo Formio, 271; and Talleyrand, 272; reception in Paris (1797), 287, 288; and American negotiations, 524; and Burr, =3=, 537 _n._; Morris on, =4=, 2; decrees on neutral trade, 6; and Embargo Act, 12 _n._; pretended revocation of decrees, 26, 36-39, 48-50; battle of Leipzig, 51; and Fulton's steamboat experiments, 397. Napoleonic Wars, peace and resumption, =3=, 14; and American politics, =4=, 2-5. _See also_ Neutral trade. Nash, Thomas. _See_ Jonathan Robins case. Nashville, Burr at, =3=, 292, 296, 313. Nason, Samuel, and Ratification, =1=, 342, 345. Natchez, first steamboat, =4=, 403 _n._ _Natchez Press_, on M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, =4=, 311 _n._ _National Gazette_, as Jefferson's organ, =2=, 81. _See also_ Freneau. National Government, M. on start, =3=, 263. Nationalism, growth of M.'s idea, =1=, 223, 231, 232, 240, 242-44, 286, 287, =2=, 77; lack of popular conception under Confederation, =1=, 232, 285; Washington's spirit during Confederation, 243; fear of consolidation, 320, 375, 382, 388-390, 405, 433, =2=, 69; fear of gradual consolidation, =1=, 446; lesson of Ratification contest, 479; influence of French Revolution on views, =2=, 42-44; M. on origin of contest, 48; made responsible for all discontents, 51-53; M.'s use of "Nation," 441; centralization as issue (1800), 520; union with reaction, =3=, 48; importance of M.'s Chief Justiceship to, 113; M. on, as factor under Confederation, 259-61; M. on Washington's, 259 _n._; influence of Fletcher _vs._ Peck, 594, 602; as M.'s purpose in life, =4=, 1, 55; assertion in Embargo controversy, 12, 16; Olmstead case, M.'s opinion, 18-21; moves westward, 28; M. on internal improvements and, 45; M. as check to reaction against, 58; and M.'s upholding of doubtful acts of Congress, 117-19; of Story, 145; in M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 292; forces (c. 1821), 370; original jurisdiction of National Courts, 386; Randolph's denunciation in internal improvements contest, 419-21; importance of Gibbons _vs._ Ogden, 429; and tariff and overthrow of slavery, 536; M.'s opinions and Webster's reply to Hayne, 552-55; M. anticipates reaction in Supreme Court, 582, 584. _See also_ Declaring acts void; Division of powers; Federalist Party; Government; Implied powers; Kentucky Resolutions; Marshall, John (_Chief Justice_); Nullification; Secession; State Rights; Virginia Resolutions. Naturalization, Madison on uniform regulation, =1=, 312. _See also_ Impressment. Navigation, power over, under commerce clause, =4=, 428, 432, 433. Navigation acts, proposed power for Confederation, =1=, 234, 235. _See also_ Commerce. Navy, M. on need (1788), =1=, 419; French War, =2=, 427; M.'s support (1800), 531; reduction, =3=, 458 _n._; in War of 1812, =4=, 56; immunity in foreign ports, 122-25. Naylor, William, on Virginia County Courts, =4=, 487. Necessary and proper powers. _See_ Implied powers. Negro seamen law of South Carolina, Johnson's opinion, =4=, 382, 383. Nelson, William, Jr., decision in Hunter _vs._ Fairfax, =4=, 148 _n._ Nereid case, neutral goods in enemy ship, =4=, 135-42. Netherlands, M. on political conditions (1797), =2=, 223-26. Neufchatel, François de, election to Directory, =2=, 243. Neutral trade, British seizures in 1793-94, =2=, 107; question of war over, 108-12; French depredations, 223, 224, 229, 257, 270, 271, 277, 283, 284, 403, 496; French rôle d'équipage, 294 _n._; free ships, free goods, 303-05; Spanish depredations, 496; British depredations after Jay Treaty, 506; Tench Coxe on them, 506 _n._; M.'s protest on contraband, 509-11; on paper blockade, 511; on unfair judicial proceedings, 511, 512; on impressment, 513; moderation of French depredations, 523; and new French treaty, 524 _n._; renewal of British and French violations, =4=, 6-8, 122; Non-Importation Act (1806), 9; partisan attitude, 9-11; Embargo, 11; its effect, opposition, 12-16; M.'s opinion, 14; non-intercourse, 22; Erskine incident, 22; Jackson incident, 23-26; Napoleon's pretended revocation of decrees, 26, 36-39, 48-50; M.'s interpretation of Jefferson's acts, 118, 125; _Nereid_ case, neutral property in enemy ship, 135-42. _See also_ Jay Treaty; Neutrality. Neutrality, as Washington's great conception, =2=, 92; proclamation, 93; unpopularity, 93; opposition of Jefferson and Republicans, 94, 95; mercantile support, 94 _n._, 96; constitutionality of proclamation, 95; M.'s support, 97-99, 298-301, 387, 388, 402, 403, 507-09; M.'s military enforcement, 103-06; as issue in Virginia, 106; J. Q. Adams on necessity, 119 _n._; Federal common-law trials for violating, =3=, 24-29; M.'s biography of Washington on policy, 264. _See also_ Isolation; Neutral trade. New England, hardships of travel, =1=, 256; type of pioneers (c. 1790), 276; and excise on distilleries, =2=, 86 _n._; and secession, =3=, 97; escapes crisis of 1819, =4=, 170. _See also_ States by name. New England Mississippi Company, Yazoo claims, =3=, 576-83, 595-602. _See also_ Fletcher _vs._ Peck. New Hampshire, Ratification contest, =1=, 354, 355, 478; and disestablishment, =4=, 227, 230 _n._; denounces congressional salary advance (1816), 231 _n._; Judiciary controversy, 229, 230; steamboat monopoly, 415; branch bank controversy, 529; and Nullification, 559. _See also_ Dartmouth College _vs._ Woodward. New Jersey, hardships of travel, =1=, 259; and State tariff laws, 311; Ratification, 325; and Livingston steamboat monopoly, =4=, 403, 404. _See also_ next title. New Jersey _vs._ Wilson, exemption of land from taxation and obligation of contracts, =4=, 221-23. New Orleans, reception of Burr, =3=, 294, 295; Wilkinson's reign of terror, 330-37; battle, =4=, 56; first steamboat, 403 _n._ New York, hardships of travel, =1=, 257; Jefferson on social characteristics, 279; and Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, =3=, 105 _n._, 106; bank investigation (1818), =4=, 184; and M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 334. _See also_ Gibbons _vs._ Ogden; Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield. New York City, Jacobin enthusiasm, =2=, 35. _See also_ New York _vs._ Miln. _New York Evening Post_, on M.'s biography of Washington, =3=, 270; on Adams's report on Burr Conspiracy, 544; on Gibbons _vs._ Ogden, =4=, 445; hostile criticism on M., 591. New York _vs._ Miln, facts, State regulation of immigration, =4=, 583; division of Supreme Court on, 583, 584; decision, proper police regulation, 584 _n._; Story voices M.'s dissent, 584 _n._ Newspapers, character at period of Confederation, =1=, 267-70; virulence, =2=, 529, =4=, 175 _n._; development of influence, =3=, 10; and first Bank of the United States, =4=, 175. _See also_ Press. Nicholas, George, in the Legislature, =1=, 203; citizen bill, 208; and chancery bill (1787), 219; and calling of Ratification Convention, 245; on popular ignorance of draft Constitution, 320; in Ratification Convention: characterized, 374; in debate, 395, 421, 432, 440, 465, 471, 472; assault on Henry, 466; in contest over recommendatory amendments, 472. Nicholas, John, deserts Congress (1798), =2=, 340 _n._; on the crisis (1799), 434; in Jonathan Robins case, 475; and reduction of army, 476; and Judiciary Bill, 551. Nicholas, Wilson C., and M., =2=, 100; sells land to Morris, 202 _n._; and Kentucky Resolutions, 398, 398 _n._; and Pickering impeachment, =3=, 167; and Burr conspiracy, 381; and grand jury on Burr, 410-12, 422. Nicholson, Joseph H., in Judiciary debate (1802), =3=, 89; on bill on sessions of Supreme Court, 95; and Chase impeachment, 170; argument in Chase trial, 207-10; and acquittal of Chase, 221; releases Alexander, 343; on Jefferson's popularity, 404. Nickname, M.'s, =1=, 74, 132. Nightingale, John C., and Yazoo lands, =3=, 566 _n._ Niles, Hezekiah, on banking chaos after War of 1812, =4=, 181 _n._, 182, 183, 186 _n._, 192, 194, 196; on bankruptcy frauds, 201; on Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield, 218; and Dartmouth College case, 276 _n._; value of his _Register_, 309; attack on M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland opinion, 309-12; on Elkison case, 383, 384 _n._; and Gibbons _vs._ Ogden, 445; on Virginia and Nullification, 568, 572; tribute to M., 590. Niles, Nathaniel, and Burr, =3=, 68 _n._; and Dartmouth College troubles, =4=, 227; Jefferson on, 227. _Niles' Register_, value, =4=, 309. _See also_ Niles, Hezekiah. Nimmo, James, Cohens _vs._ Virginia, =4=, 345. Nobility, fear from Order of the Cincinnati, =1=, 292. _See also_ Government. Non-Importation Act (1806), =4=, 9; M. and constitutionality, 118. _See also_ Neutral trade. Non-intercourse, act of 1809, =4=, 22; Erskine incident, 22; M. and constitutionality, 118; South Carolina's proposed, with tariff States, 459, 538. _See also_ Neutral trade. Norbonne, Philip, practitioner before M., =4=, 237 _n._ Norfolk, Va., Dunmore's burning, =1=, 78; tribute to M., =4=, 592. North Carolina, hardships of travel, =1=, 263; and State tariff acts, 311; Granville heirs case, =4=, 154, 155; tax on Bank of the United States, 207. North River Steamboat Co. _vs._ Livingston, =4=, 448-51. Norton, George F., and British debts, =1=, 226. Norton, J. K. N., M.'s books possessed by, =1=, 186 _n._; acknowledgment to, =4=, 528 _n._ Nullification, first hints, =4=, 384; M.'s rebukes, 389, 459, 513; movement, 555; M. on movement, 556, 557; Madison on, 556; Jackson's Union toast, 557; and warning, 558; M. on doctrine and progress, 558, 559, 562; and Tariff of 1832, 559, 560; Convention and Ordinance, 560, 561; popular excitement, 561; Jackson's Proclamation, its debt to M.'s opinions, 562, 563; M. on it, 563; South Carolina and the proclamation, Jackson's inconsistencies, 564, 565; military preparations, 566; Jackson's recommendation of reduction of tariff, 567; Virginia and mediation, M. on it, 567-73; M. on Webster's speech against, 572; suspension of ordinance, 573; compromise Tariff, 574; M. on virtual victory for, 574, 575; M.'s resulting despondency on state of the country, 575-78. _See also_ State Rights. Oak Hill, acquired by M.'s father, =1=, 55; as home for M.'s son, =4=, 74. Oakley, Thomas J., counsel in Gibbons _vs._ Ogden, =4=, 423, 424, 427. _Obiter dicta_, M.'s use, =4=, 121, 369. Obligation of contracts. _See_ Contracts. Occom, Samson, visit to England, =4=, 223. Office. _See_ Civil service. Ogden, Aaron, and Livingston steamboat monopoly, =4=, 409-411. _See also_ Gibbons _vs._ Ogden. Ogden, David B., counsel in Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield, =4=, 209; practitioner before M., 237 _n._; fees, 345 _n._; counsel in Cohens _vs._ Virginia, 346, 376. Ogden, George M. _See_ Ogden _vs._ Saunders. Ogden, Peter V., and Burr conspiracy, arrested, =3=, 333, 334. Ogden, Samuel G., trial, =3=, 436 _n._ Ogden _vs._ Saunders, obligation of future contracts not impaired by insolvency laws, =4=, 480; M.'s dissent, 481. Ohio, cession of Western Reserve, =2=, 446; tax on Bank of the United States, =4=, 207, 328; legislative denunciation of M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 330-33; and New York steamboat monopoly, 415 _n._ _See also_ Osborn _vs._ Bank. Ohio River, Burr and plan for canal, =3=, 291 _n._; first steamboat, =4=, 403 _n._; development of steam transportation, 416. Old Field Schools, =1=, 24. Olmstead case, State defiance of Federal mandate, =4=, 18-21. Opinions, M.'s rule on delivering, =3=, 16. Orange County, Va., minute men, =1=, 69. Oratory, court, and woman auditors, =4=, 133, 134. Orders in Council on neutral trade, =4=, 6, 7. _See also_ Neutral trade. Orr, Thomas, Osborn _vs._ Bank, =4=, 329, 330. Orr _vs._ Hodgson, =4=, 165 _n._ Osborn, Ralph. _See_ Osborn _vs._ Bank. Osborn _vs._ Bank of the United States, facts, =4=, 327-30; compromise proposed by Ohio, 332; defiance of Ohio, 333; argument, 385; M.'s opinion, 385-94; original jurisdiction of National Courts, 385-87; and Eleventh Amendment, protection of Federal agents from State agents, 387-91; tax on business of bank void, 391, 392; courts and execution of law, 392; general satisfaction of parties on the record, 393; Johnson's opinion, 394; resulting attack on Supreme Court, 394-96; Jackson denies authority, 530-32. Osmun, Benijah, and Burr, =3=, 365, 366. Oswald, Eleazer, and _Centinel_ letters, =1=, 335 _n._, 338; and Ratification in Virginia, 402, 434, 435. Otis, Harrison Gray, and slavery (1800), =2=, 449; on Washington streets (1815), =3=, 4; on traveling conditions, 5 _n._; on speculation, 557 _n._; and Story, =4=, 98; and bankruptcy laws, 201. Otsego, N.Y., conditions of travel (1790), =1=, 257. Paine, Robert Treat, on X. Y. Z. Mission, =2=, 356. Paine, Thomas, on militia, =1=, 84; relief bill, 213; on government as an evil, 288; popularity of _Common Sense_, 288 _n._; on American and French revolutions, =2=, 2 _n._; and key of the Bastille, 10; _Rights of Man_, influence in United States, 12-14; Jefferson's approbation, 14, 15, 16 _n._; J. Q. Adams's reply, 15-19; disapproves of excesses, 25 _n._, 27; on the King and early revolution, 31 _n._; on Republican Party and France, 223; and X. Y. Z. Mission, 254. Palmer, William P., anecdote on M., =4=, 63 _n._ Paper money, depreciation and confusion during Revolution and Confederation, =1=, 167, 168, 295-97; counterfeiting, 297, =4=, 195; post-bellum demand, =1=, 297, 299; Continental, in debate on Ratification, 429, 440, 441; and impairment of obligation of contracts, =3=, 557, 558 _n._, =4=, 214; flood and character of State bank bills, 176-79, 181, 184, 187, 192; popular demand for more, 186, 199; local issues, 187; depreciation, 192; endless chain of redemption with other paper, 193; reforms by second Bank of the United States, 197-99. _See also_ Briscoe _vs._ Bank; Craig _vs._ Missouri money. Paris, in 1797, =2=, 247. Parker, Richard E., verdict in Burr trial, =3=, 514. Parsons, Theophilus, Ratification amendments, =1=, 348. Parton, James, on Administration's knowledge of Burr's plans, =3=, 318 _n._; on Jefferson and trial of Burr, 390 _n._; biography of Burr, 538 _n._ Partridge, George, accident, =3=, 55 _n._ "Party," as term of political reproach, =2=, 410 _n._ Paterson, William, and Chief Justiceship, =2=, 553; charge to grand jury, =3=, 30 _n._; sedition trials, 31, 32; and declaring acts void, 117, 611, 612; and Judiciary Act of, 1789, 128; Ogden-Smith trial, 436 _n._ Paulding, James K., on M., =4=, 77. Pawles Hook, Lee's surprise, =1=, 142. Peace of 1783, and land titles, =4=, 147, 148, 153. _See also_ British debts; Frontier posts; Slaves. Pearsall _vs._ Great Northern Railway, =4=, 279 _n._ Peck, Jedediah, trial, =3=, 42 _n._ Peck, John. _See_ Fletcher _vs._ Peck. Peele, W. J., on M., =4=, 66 _n._ Pegram, Edward, grand juror on Burr, =3=, 413 _n._ Pendleton, Edmund, as judge, =1=, 173; on M.'s election to Council of State, 209; candidacy for Ratification Convention, 359; in the Convention: President, 368; and impeachment of authority of Framers, 373; characterized, 385; on failure of Confederation, 386; in debate, 427, 428, 445; on Judiciary, 445. Pendleton, Nathaniel, and Yazoo lands, =3=, 549, 555. Pennsylvania, during the Revolution, =1=, 85; hardships of travel, 258, 259; Jefferson on social characteristics, 279; tariff, 310 _n._, 311 _n._; calling of Ratification Convention, 326; election of delegates, 327-29; precipitancy in Ratification Convention, 329-32; address of minority, 333, 334, 342; continued opposition after Ratification, 334-38; and Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, =3=, 105 _n._; Olmstead case, =4=, 18-21; legislative censure of M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 333. Pennsylvania, University of, honorary degree to M., =4=, 89. People, character of masses under Confederation, =1=, 253, 254; community isolation, 264, =4=, 191; responsible for failure of Confederation, =1=, 307; basis of Federal Government, =4=, 292, 352. _See also_ Democracy; Government; Nationalism. Perkins, Cyrus, and Dartmouth College case, =4=, 260 _n._ Perkins, Nicholas, and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 367-69, 372. Peters, Richard [1], and common-law jurisdiction, =3=, 25, 28 _n._; sedition trial, 33; impeachment contemplated, 172 _n._; on United States and Napoleonic War, =4=, 6 _n._; Olmstead case, 18-21; death, 238 _n._ Peters, Richard [2], escort for M.'s body, =4=, 588. Phi Beta Kappa, M. as member, =1=, 158; Jacobin opposition, =2=, 37. Philadelphia, march of Continental army through (1777), =1=, 92; capture by British, 98-102; during British occupation, 108-10; Jacobin enthusiasm, =2=, 31; luxury, 85 _n._; and M.'s return from X. Y. Z. Mission, 344-51; tributes to M. as Chief Justice, =4=, 521, 588. Philadelphia _Aurora_. _See_ _Aurora_. Philadelphia _Federal Gazette_, on Publicola papers, =2=, 19. Philadelphia _Gazette of the United States_. _See_ _Gazette_. Philadelphia _General Advertiser_, on French Revolution, =2=, 28 _n._; on Neutrality Proclamation, 94 _n._ Philadelphia _Independent Gazette_, and Ratification, =1=, 328. _Sec also_ Oswald. Philadelphia _National Gazette_. _See_ _National Gazette_. Philips, Josiah, attainder case, =1=, 393, 398, 411. Phillips, Isaac N., on treason, =3=, 403 _n._ Physick, Philip S., operates on M., =4=, 520; and M.'s final illness, 587. Pichegru, Charles, and 18th Fructidor, =2=, 240, 241, 245 _n._ Pickering, John, impeachment, =3=, 111, 143, 164-68; witnesses against, rewarded, 181. Pickering, Timothy, on hardships of travel, =1=, 257 _n._; on Jefferson and Madison, =2=, 79; and Gerry at Paris, 366, 369; on M.'s views on Alien and Sedition Acts, 394; on M.'s election (1799), 417; on M. in Jonathan Robins case, 471; dismissed by Adams, 486, 487; _Aurora's_ attack, 489 _n._, 491 _n._; on M. as his successor, 492; on M. and Jefferson-Burr contest, 539; and secession, =3=, 98, 151, 281, 289, =4=, 13 _n._, 30, 49; on Giles, =3=, 159 _n._; on impeachment programme, 160; on Pickering impeachment, 168 _n._; on Chase impeachment, 173; at trial of Chase, 183 _n._; on M.'s biography of Washington, 233; on Adams's Burr Conspiracy report, 543 _n._; as British partisan, =4=, 2 _n._; on Embargo, 13, 14; and M., 27, 473; on election of 1812, 47; and Story, 98; and Story and Dartmouth College case, 257 _n._; on Massachusetts Constitutional Convention (1820), 471; on slavery, 473. Pickett, George, bank stock, =2=, 200. Pinckney, Charles, on campaign virulence (1800), =2=, 530; reward for election services, =3=, 81 _n._; in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, 116 _n._ Pinckney, Charles C., appointment to French mission, =2=, 145, 146, 223; not received, 224; at The Hague, 231; accused of assisting Royalist conspiracy, 246 _n._; and "millions for defense" slogan, 348; toast to, 349 _n._; candidacy (1800), 438; Hamiltonian intrigue for, 517, 528 _n._, 529 _n._; and Chief Justiceship, 553. _See also_ Elections (1800); X. Y. Z. Mission. Pinckney, Thomas, on Gerry, =2=, 364. Pindall, James, on Bank of the United States, =4=, 289. Pinkney, William, Canning's letter, =4=, 23; as practitioner before M., 95; counsel in _Nereid_ case, 131, 140; character, 131-33; influence of woman auditors on oratory, 133, 134, 140 _n._; Conkling's resemblance, 133 _n._; M. on, 141, 287; Story on _Nereid_ argument, 142 _n._; counsel in Dartmouth College case, 259-61, 274; counsel in M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 284; argument, 287; fees, 345 _n._; argument in Cohens _vs._ Virginia, 346; counsel in Gibbons _vs._ Ogden, 413; death, 423. Pinto, Manuel, _Nereid_ case, =4=, 135. Piracy, M. on basis, =2=, 467. Pitt, William, and Burr, =3=, 289. Pittsburgh, first steamboat, =4=, 403 _n._ Platt, Jonas, opinion in Gibbons _vs._ Ogden, =4=, 412. Pleasants, James, grand juror on Burr, =2=, 413 _n._ Plumer, William, on Washington (1805), =3=, 6; on drinking there, 9; on Jefferson and popularity, 19 _n._; on Bayard, 79 _n._; on Randolph, 83 _n._; on repeal of Judiciary Act, 93; on Louisiana Purchase, 148 _n._, 150; on Giles, 159 _n._; on impeachment plan, 160; on Pickering impeachment, 167 _n._, 168 _n._; on Chase impeachment and trial, 171 _n._, 173, 179 _n._, 181 _n._, 192 _n._, 205 _n._, 217 _n._, 220; on Burr, 180, 182 _n._, 183 _n._, 219 _n._, 274 _n._, 279 _n._, 470; on M. as witness, 196; on not celebrating Washington's birthday, 210 _n._; joins Republican Party, 222 _n._; on M.'s biography of Washington, 269; on Swartwout, 321 _n._, 333 _n._; on Burr conspiracy, 338 _n._, 341; on arrest of Bollmann, 343 _n._; on Jefferson's personal rancor, 384 _n._; on trial of Burr, 526; on Adams's Burr conspiracy report, 543 _n._; on Embargo and secession threats, =4=, 24 _n._; on Federalists as aristocracy, 55; Governor of New Hampshire, and Dartmouth College affairs, 230, 232. Pocket veto, Randolph on, as impeachable offense, =3=, 213. Poetry, M. and, =1=, 41, =4=, 79, 80. Police power, as offset to obligation of contracts, =4=, 279; and commerce clause, 436, 437, 457, 459. _See also_ New York _vs._ Miln. Politics, machine in Virginia, =1=, 210, 217 _n._, =2=, 56 _n._, =4=, 146, 147, 485-88; share in Ratification in Virginia, =1=, 252, 356, 357, 381, 402; Federal Constitution and parties, =2=, 75; abuse, 396; influence of newspapers, =3=, 10; period of National egotism, 13; effect of Republican rule, 15 _n._; Randolph on government by, 464 _n._ _See also_ Elections, Federalist Party; Republican Party. Poole, Simeon, testimony in Burr trial, =3=, 490. Poor whites of colonial Virginia, =1=, 27. Pope, John, M. and his poems, =1=, 44, 45. Pope, John, of Smith committee, =3=, 541 _n._ Popularity, Jefferson's desire, =3=, 19 _n._ Population, density (c. 1787), =1=, 264; character of Washington, =3=, 8. Portraits of M., =4=, 85 _n._, 522 _n._ Posey, Thomas, and Ratification, =1=, 392 _n._ Potomac River, company for improvement, =1=, 217, 218. Potter, Henry, Granville heirs case, =4=, 154. Powell, Levin, slandered, =1=, 290 _n._; on House's reply to Adams's address (1799), =2=, 434; on M. in Jonathan Robins case, 475 _n._ Practice and evidence, M.'s opinion on, =3=, 18. Precedents, M.'s neglect of legal, =2=, 179, =4=, 409. Preparedness, M. on need, =1=, 414, 415, 437, =2=, 403, 476-80, 531; ridiculed, =1=, 425; utter lack (1794), =2=, 109. _See also_ Army. Prescott, William, on Dartmouth College case, =4=, 275 _n._ President, Ratification debate on office and powers, =1=, 390, 442; question of title, =2=, 36; M. on, as sole organ of external relations, 470. _See also_ Elections; Subpoena; and Presidents by name. Press, freedom of, Franklin on license, =1=, 268-70; M. on liberty and excess, =2=, 329-31; Martin on license, =3=, 204, 205. _See also_ Alien and Sedition Acts; Newspapers. Prices, at Richmond (c. 1783), =1=, 177-81; board in Washington (1801), =3=, 7. Priest, William, on speculation, =3=, 557. Princeton University, honorary degree to M., =4=, 89. Prisoners of war, treatment, =1=, 115. Privateering, Genêt's commissions, =2=, 28; _Unicorn_ incident in Virginia, 103-06. Prize law, Amelia case, =3=, 16, 17. _See also_ Admiralty; International law. Property, demand for equal division, =1=, 294, 298; M.'s conservatism on rights, =4=, 479, 503. Prosperity, degree, at period of Confederation, =1=, 273, 274, 306. Public debt, problem under Confederation, =1=, 233-35; unpopularity, 254; spirit of repudiation, 295, 298, 299; resources under Confederation, 306; in Ratification debate, 396, 416, 425, 440; funding and assumption of State debts, =2=, 59-64; financial and political effects of funding, 64-68, 82, 85, 127. _See also_ Debts; Finances; Paper money. Public lands, Jefferson on public virtue and, =1=, 316; State claims, =3=, 553; Foot resolution, =4=, 553 _n._ _See also_ Yazoo; Land. Publicists, lawyers as, =4=, 135. Publicola papers, =2=, 15-18; replies, 18, 19. Punch, recipe, =4=, 77. Punishments, cruel, =3=, 13 _n._ Putnam, ----, arrest in France, =2=, 283. _Quarterly Review_, on insolvency frauds, =4=, 203 _n._ Quincy, Josiah, on Jefferson and popularity, =3=, 19 _n._; on resolution against Minister Jackson, =4=, 24; on admission of Louisiana and secession, =4=, 27; and Localism, 28. Quoit (Barbecue) Club, M. as member, =2=, 182-85, =4=, 76-78; memorial to M., 592. Railroads, influence of Dartmouth College case and Gibbons _vs._ Ogden on development, =4=, 276, 277, 446. Raleigh, M. on circuit at, =3=, 101, 102, =4=, 65, 66. Rambouillet Decree, =4=, 122. Ramsay, David, biography of Washington, =3=, 225 _n._ Ramsay, Dennis, Marbury _vs._ Madison, =3=, 110. Randall, Benjamin, in Ratification Convention, =1=, 340. Randall, Henry S., on M. as Secretary of State, =2=, 494; on M., =4=, 154. Randolph, David M., as witness in Chase trial, =3=, 191, 192. Randolph, Edmund, ancestry, =1=, 10; as lawyer, 173; transfers practice to M., 190; Hite _vs._ Fairfax, 191, 192; in the Legislature, 203; importance of attitude on Ratification, 360-63, 378-82; secret intention to support it, 363; in the Convention: characterized, 376; disclosure of support of Ratification, 376-79; suppresses Clinton's letter, 379-81, 477; effect on reputation, 382; ascription of motives, in Washington's Cabinet, 382 _n._; in Convention debate, 392, 393, 397, 406, 461, 470; and Philips case, 393 _n._; personal explanations, 393 _n._, 476; Henry on change of front, 398; answers Henry's taunt, 406; Mason's denunciation, 423; on Fairfax grants, 458 _n._; on opposition after Ratification, =2=, 46 _n._; and first amendments, 59; Fauchet incident, resignation from Cabinet, 146, 147; on Richmond meeting on Jay Treaty, 151, 152; as orator, 195; on weakness of Supreme Court, =3=, 121 _n._; counsel for Burr, 407; on motion to commit Burr for treason, 417; on subpoena to Jefferson, 440, 441; on overt act, 494. Randolph, George, ancestry, =1=, 10. Randolph, Isham, =1=, 10. Randolph, Jacob, operates on M., =4=, 522. Randolph, Jane, =1=, 10, 11. Randolph, John, of Roanoke, ancestry, =1=, 10; insult by army officers, =2=, 446; debate with M. on Marine Corps, 447, 448; in Jonathan Robins case, 474; appearance, =3=, 83; as House leader, 83 _n._; in Judiciary debate (1802), 84-87; manager of Chase impeachment, 171; and articles of impeachment, 172; break with Jefferson over Yazoo frauds, 174; opening speech at Chase trial, 187-89; references to M., political significance, 187, 188, 214-16; examination of M. at trial, 194; conferences with Giles, 197; argument, 212-16; and acquittal, 220; duelist, 278 _n._; and Burr conspiracy, 339; and Eaton's claim, 345 _n._; on Wilkinson's conduct, 359, 464; on Burr as military captive, 369; and removal of judges on address, 389 _n._; grand juror on Burr, 413; on government by politics, 464 _n._; and _Chesapeake-Leopard_ affair, 476; and Yazoo frauds, 566, 575, 577-79, 581, 595, 596, 600; on Localism, =4=, 191; on dangers in M.'s Nationalist opinions, 309, 420; in debate on Supreme Court (1824), 395; on internal improvements and Nationalism, 419-21; absorption in politics, 461; Clay duel, 463 _n._; in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 484; on M. in convention, 489 _n._ Randolph, Mary (Isham), descendants, =1=, 10. Randolph, Mary Isham, =1=, 10. Randolph, Peyton, and Henry's Stamp-Act Resolutions, =1=, 64. Randolph, Richard, of Curels, estate, =1=, 20 _n._ Randolph, Susan, on Jefferson and Rebecca Burwell, =1=, 150 _n._ Randolph, Thomas, =1=, 10. Randolph, Thomas M., on Jay Treaty resolutions in Virginia Legislature, =2=, 134, 135, 137. Randolph, William, descendants, =1=, 10. Randolph, William, and Peter Jefferson, =1=, 12 _n._ Randolph family, origin and characteristics, =1=, 10, 11. Rappahannock County, Va., loyal celebration, =1=, 23 _n._ Ratification, opposition in Virginia, =1=, 242; contest over call of Virginia Convention, previous amendment question, 245-48; effort for second framing convention, 248, 317, 355, 362, 379-81; practical politics in, 252, 356, 357, 381, 402; economic division, 312; division in Virginia, 317; importance of Virginia's action, 318, 358, 359; gathering of Virginia delegates, 319; popular ignorance of draft Constitution, 320, 345, 354; popular idea of consolidated government, 320; popular majority against, 321, 322, 356, 391, 469, =4=, 554 _n._; Virginia Convention as first real debate, =1=, 322, 323, 329, 355; influence of revolutionary action of Framers, 323-25, 373, 425; unimportance of action of four early States, 325; calling of Pennsylvania Convention, 326; election there, 327-29; Pennsylvania Convention, precipitancy, 329-32; address of Pennsylvania minority, 333, 334, 342; post-convention opposition in Pennsylvania, 334-38; policy of Constitutionalists in Massachusetts, 339; character of opposition there, 339, 340, 344-47; election there, 340; general distrust as basis of opposition, 340, 347, 356, 371, 372, 422, 428, 429 _n._, 439 _n._, 467; condensed argument for, 343; and Shays's Rebellion, 343; strength and standpoint of Massachusetts opposition, 344; influence of Hancock, 347; Massachusetts recommendatory amendments and ratification, 348, 349; soothing the opposition there, 350-53; question of bribery in Massachusetts, 353 _n._, 354 _n._; contest in New Hampshire, adjournment, 354, 355; character of Virginia Convention, 356, 367; effect of previous, on Virginia, 356, 399; election of delegates in Virginia, 359-67; importance and uncertainty of Randolph's attitude, 360-64, 378-82; M.'s candidacy, 364; campaign for opposition delegates, 365-67; opposition of leaders in State politics, 366 _n._; maneuvers of Constitutionalists, 367, 374, 384, 385, 392; officers, 368, 432; tactical mistakes of opposition, 368, 383; detailed debate as a Constitutionalist victory, 369-72, 432; characterizations, 369, 373-76, 385, 387, 394, 396, 408, 420, 423, 465, 473; attempts at delay, 372, 434, 461, 462; authority of Framers, 373, 375; Nicholas's opening for Constitutionalists, 374; Henry's opening for opposition, 375; disclosure of Randolph's support, 376-79; organization of Anti-Constitutionalists, 379, 434; Clinton's letter for a second Federal Convention, Randolph's suppression of it, 379, 477, =2=, 49 _n._; Mason's speeches, =1=, 382, 383, 421-23, 438, 439, 446-48, 467; untactful offer on "conciliation," 383; prospects, ascendancy of opposition, 384, 433-35, 442; influences on Kentucky delegates, navigation of Mississippi River, 384, 403, 411, 420, 430-32, 434, 443; Pendleton's speeches, 385-87, 427, 428; Lee's speeches, 387, 406, 423, 467; Henry's speeches, 388-92, 397-400, 403-06, 428, 433, 435, 440, 441, 449, 464, 469-71; Federal Government as alien, 389, 399, 428, 439 _n._; Randolph's later speeches, 392, 393, 397, 406; Madison's speeches, 394, 395, 397, 421, 428, 430, 440, 442, 449; Nicholas's later speeches, 395, 421, 432; Corbin's speech, 396; political managers from other States, 401, 402, 435; question of use of money in Virginia, 402 _n._; demand for previous amendment, 405, 412, 418, 423, 428; Monroe's speech, 407, 408; inattention to debate, 408; M.'s social influence, 409; M.'s speeches, 409-20, 436-38, 450-61; Harrison's speech, 421; Grayson's speech, 424-27; slight attention to economic questions, 429 _n._, 441 _n._; and Bill of Rights, 439; slavery question, 440; payment of public debt, 440; British debts, 441; executive powers, 442; Judiciary debate, 449-61, 464; Anti-Constitutionalists and appeal to Legislature, 462, 463, 468; assault on Henry's land speculations, 465-67; threats of forcible resistance, 467, 478; contest over recommendatory amendments, 475; vote, 475; Washington's influence, 476; other personal influences, 476 _n._; and fear of Indians, 476; character of Virginia amendments, 477; influence of success in New Hampshire, 478; Jefferson's stand on amendments, 478; influence on M., 479; as a preliminary contest, 479, =2=, 45, 46; attempt of Virginia Legislature to undo, 48-51; Virginia reservations, =4=, 324 _n._ Rattlesnakes, as medicine, =1=, 172. Ravara, Joseph, trial, =3=, 24. Rawle, William, escort for M.'s body, =4=, 588. Read, George, and Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 129. _Rebecca Henry_ incident, =2=, 496. Reed, George, as witness in Chase trial, =3=, 189 _n._ Reeves, John, and Burr, =3=, 537 _n._ Reeves, Tapping, on Louisiana Purchase, =3=, 150. Reid, Robert R., on Missouri question, =4=, 341. Religion, state in Virginia (1783), =1=, 220, 221; conditions in Washington, =3=, 6; revival, 7 _n._; M.'s attitude, =4=, 69-71; frontier, 189 _n._; troubles and disestablishment in New Hampshire, 226, 227. _See also_ next titles. Religious freedom, controversy in Virginia, =1=, 221, 222. Religious tests, debate during Ratification, =1=, 346. Representation, basis in Virginia, =1=, 217 _n._; debate on slave, in Virginia Constitutional Convention (1830), =4=, 501-07. Republican Party, Jefferson's development, =2=, 46, 74-76, 81-83, 91, 96; as defender of the Constitution, 88 _n._; assaults on Neutrality Proclamation, 95; economic basis, 125 _n._; and French Revolution, 131 _n._, 223; and X. Y. Z. dispatches, 336-42, 355, 358-63; M. on motives in attack on Alien and Sedition Acts, 394, 407; issues in 1798, 410; and name "Democratic," 439 _n._, =3=, 234 _n._; Federalist forebodings (1801), 11-15; social effects of rule, 15 _n._; plans against Judiciary, cause, 19-22, 48; union of democracy and State Rights, 48; Chase's denunciations, 169, 170, 206; and M.'s biography of Washington, 228-30; treatment in biography, 256, 259-61; Justices as apostates, 317, 358, 359, 444. _See also_ Congress; Elections; Jefferson, Thomas; State Rights. Republicans, name for Anti-Constitutionalists (1788), =1=, 379. Repudiation, spirit, =1=, 294, 295, 298, 299. _See also_ Debts. Requisitions, failure, =1=, 232, 304, 305, 413; proposed new basis of apportionment, 234, 235. Rhoad, John, Juror, =3=, 35. Rhode Island, declaration of independence, =3=, 118 _n._ Richardson, William M., votes for war, =4=, 29 _n._; opinion in Dartmouth College case, 234-36. Richmond, Va., social and economic life (1780-86), =1=, 176-90; in 1780, 165, 171-73; hospitality, 183; M. City Recorder, 188; fire (1787), 190, =2=, 172; meeting on Jay Treaty, 149-55; growth, 172; Quoit Club, 182-85, =4=, 76-78, 592; reception of M. on return from France, =2=, 352-54; M.'s reply to address, 571-73; later social life, =3=, 394; Vigilance Committee, =4=, 41 _n._; M.'s lawyer dinners, 78, 79; city currency, 187; and Jackson's veto of River and Harbor Bill (1832), 534; M.'s funeral, 588; tributes to him, 589. _Richmond Enquirer_, on M. and Burr at Wickham's dinner, =3=, 396; and subpoena to Jefferson, 450; attack on M. during Burr trial, 532-35; on Yazoo claims, 581; attack on M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, =4=, 312-17, 323; tribute to M., 589. _See also_ Ritchie, Thomas. _Richmond Examiner_, attacks on M. (1801), =2=, 542, 543 _n._ Richmond Light Infantry Blues, punch, =4=, 78 _n._ Richmond Society for Promotion of Agriculture, M.'s interest, =4=, 63. _Richmond Whig and Advertiser_, on M. and election of 1828, =4=, 463; tribute to M., 589. Ritchie, Thomas, Council of State as his machine, =1=, 210; and trial of Burr, =3=, 450; on Federalists as traitors, =4=, 10 _n._; control over Virginia politics, 146; and first Bank of the United States, 174; attack on M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 309; and Taylor's attack on M.'s opinions, 335, 339; attack on Cohens _vs._ Virginia, 358. _See also_ _Richmond Enquirer_. Rittenhouse, David, Olmstead case, =4=, 19. River and Harbor Bill, Jackson's pocket veto, =4=, 534. River navigation, steamboat and internal improvements, =4=, 415-17. Roads. _See_ Communication. Roane, Spencer, as judge, =1=, 173; Council of State as his machine, 210; Anti-Constitutionalist attack on Randolph (1787), 361 _n._; accuses M. of hypocrisy, =2=, 140; and Chief Justiceship, =3=, 20, 113, 178; and Nationalism, 114; M.'s enemy, =4=, 78; and M.'s integrity, 90 _n._; and Livingston _vs._ Jefferson, 111; control of Virginia politics, 146; decision in Hunter _vs._ Fairfax's Devises, 148, 152; denies right of Supreme Court to hear case, 157, 160; and first Bank of the United States, 174; attack on M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 309, 313-17, 323; inconsistent purchase of Bank stock, 317; tribute to M., 313; M.'s reply to attack, 318-23; attack on Cohens _vs._ Virginia, 358, 359; M. on it, 359, 360; and amendment on Judiciary, 371, 378. Robertson, David, report of Virginia Ratification debates, =1=, 368; stenographer and linguist, =3=, 408. Robin, M.'s servant, =4=, 525 _n._ Robins, Jonathan. _See_ Jonathan Robins case. Robinson, John, loan-office bill and defalcations, =1=, 60. Rodney, Cæsar A., and Marbury _vs._ Madison, =3=, 154 _n._; argument in Chase trial, 210-12; and holding of Swartwout and Bollmann, 345, 349 _n._; and trial of Burr, 390. Rodney, Thomas, and Burr, =3=, 365. Rôle d'équipage, and French depredations on neutral trade, =2=, 294 _n._ Ronald, William, as lawyer, =1=, 173; in Virginia Ratification Convention, 472; Ware _vs._ Hylton, =2=, 188. Roosevelt, Nicholas J., and steamboat experiments, =4=, 400; and steamboat navigation of the Mississippi, 402, 402 _n._, 403 _n._ Roosevelt, Theodore, on British naval power, =4=, 7 _n._; on impressment, 8 _n._ Ross, James, and Disputed Elections Bill, =2=, 453. Rowan, John, on Green _vs._ Biddle, =4=, 381; on Supreme Court, 453. Rush, Benjamin, Conway Cabal, =1=, 121-23. Rutgers _vs._ Waddington, =3=, 612. Rutledge, Edward, on spirit of repudiation, =1=, 307. Rutledge, John [1], and Supreme Court, =3=, 121 _n._; in Federal Convention, on obligation of contracts, 558 _n._ Rutledge, John [2], and slavery, =2=, 449: on Judiciary Bill (1801), 550; on French treaty, 525 _n._; in Judiciary debate (1802), =3=, 87-89; as British partisan, =4=, 5. S. (? Samuel Nason), and Ratification, =1=, 342. St. Cloud Decree, =4=, 36-39, 48-50. St. Tammany's feast at Richmond, =1=, 189. Salaries, Federal (1800), =2=, 539 _n._ _Sandwich_ incident, =2=, 496. Sanford, Nathan, opinion on steamboat monopoly and interstate commerce, =4=, 448. Sanford, Me., and Ratification, =1=, 342. Santo Domingo, influence in United States of negro insurrection, =2=, 20-22. Sargent, Nathan, on esteem of M., =4=, 581 _n._ Saunders, John. _See_ Ogden _vs._ Saunders. Savage, John, opinion on steamboat monopoly, =4=, 449. _Savannah Gazette_, on Yazoo frauds, =3=, 561. Schmidt, Gustavus, on M. as a lawyer, =2=, 178. Schoepf, Johann D., on Virginia social conditions, =1=, 21 _n._; on irreligion in Virginia, 221 _n._; on shiftlessness, 278. Schuyler, Philip, dissatisfaction, =1=, 86; and Burr, =3=, 277 _n._ Scott, John, in Virginia Constitutional Convention, =4=, 490. Scott, John B., and Yazoo lands, =3=, 566 _n._ Scott, Joseph, and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 370. Scott, Sir Walter, and Burr, =3=, 537 _n._ Scott, Sir William, on slave trade and law of nations, =4=, 477. Scott, Winfield, on irreligion in Washington, =3=, 7; on Jefferson and trial of Burr, 406; and Nullification, =4=, 566; escort for M.'s body, 588. Secession, Federalist threats over assault on Judiciary (1802), =3=, 73, 82, 89, 93, 97, 98, 151; Louisiana Purchase and threats, 150; and Chase trial, 217; New England Federalist plots and Burr, 281, 298; Merry's intrigue, 281, 288; sentiment in West, 282, 297, 299; of New England thought possible, 283; Burr and Merry, 288-90; no proposals in Burr's conferences, 292, 297, 303, 312; rumors of Burr's purpose, Spanish source, 296, 299, 315; Burr denies such plans, 316, 318 _n._, 319, 326; M. and Tucker on right, 430; threats over neutral trade controversy, =4=, 13 _n._, 15, 17, 25; M.'s rebuke, 17; and admission of Louisiana, 27; War of 1812 and threats, 30; Hartford Convention, 51; threats in attacks on M.'s Nationalist opinions, 314, 326, 338, 339, 381; and Missouri struggle, 340-42; M. on resistance to, 352, 353; Jefferson's later threats, 368, 539; South Carolina threat over Elkison case, 382; threat on internal improvement policy, 421; M. on Supreme Court and threats, 512, 513. _See also_ Nationalism; Nullification; State Rights. Secretary of State, M. and (1795), =2=, 147; M.'s appointment, 486, 489-93; M. remains after Chief Justiceship, 558. Secretary of War, M. declines, =2=, 485. Sedgwick, Theodore, and M. (1796), =2=, 198; on effect of X. Y. Z. dispatches, 341; on Gerry, 364; on M.'s views on Alien and Sedition Acts, 391, 394, 406; on M.'s election (1799), 417; on M.'s importance to Federalists in Congress, 432; on M. and Disputed Elections Bill, 457, 458; on results of session (1800), 482; on M. as man and legislator, 483, 484; on M.'s efforts for harmony, 527; on Republican rule, =3=, 12; on plans against Judiciary, 22; on repeal of Judiciary Act, 94; and secession, 97; on Burr, 279 _n._ Sedition Act. _See_ Alien and Sedition Acts. Senate, arguments on, during Ratification, =1=, 345; opposition to secrecy, =2=, 57. _See also_ Congress. Separation of powers, M. on limitation to judicial powers, =2=, 468-70; incidental executive exercise of judicial powers, 470; M. on legislative reversal of judicial decisions, =3=, 177, 178. _See also_ Declaring acts void. Sergeant, John, counsel in Osborn _vs._ Bank, =4=, 385; and in Cherokee Nation _vs._ Georgia, 541, 544, 547; and in Worcester _vs._ Georgia, 549; escort for M.'s body, 588. Sergeant, Thomas, practitioner before M., =4=, 237 _n._ Sewall, David, on demagoguery, =1=, 290 _n._; on Ratification contest, 341. Seward, Anna, as Philadelphia belle, =1=, 100. Sewell, T., and French War, =2=, 424. Shannon, Richard C., witness against Pickering, reward, =3=, 181 _n._ Shays's Rebellion, M. on causes, =1=, 298, 299, =3=, 262 _n._; taxation not the cause, =1=, 299, 300; effect on statesmen, 300-02; Jefferson's defense, 302-04; as phase of a general movement, 300 _n._; and Ratification, 343. Shephard, Alexander, grand juror on Burr, =3=, 413 _n._ Shepperd, John, and Yazoo lands act, =3=, 547. Sherburne, John S., witness against Pickering, reward, =3=, 181 _n._ Sherman, Roger, and Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 129; on obligation of contracts, 558 _n._ Shippen, Margaret, as Philadelphia belle, =1=, 109. Shirley, John M., work on Dartmouth College case, =4=, 258 _n._ Short, Payton, at William and Mary, =1=, 159. Short, William, at William and Mary, =1=, 159; on French Revolution, =2=, 24; Jefferson's admonitions, 25, 26; on Lafayette, 34 _n._ "Silver Heels," M.'s nickname, =1=, 74, 132. Simcoe, John G., and frontier posts, =2=, 111. Sims, Thomas, on slander on Powell, =1=, 290 _n._ Singletary, Amos, in Ratification Convention, =1=, 344, 346. Skipwith, Fulwar, on X. Y. Z. Mission, =2=, 336; on probable war, 358. Slaughter, Philip, on M. at Valley Forge, =1=, 117, 118. Slave representation, debate in Virginia Constitutional Convention (1830), =4=, 501-07. Slave trade, Northern defense (1800), =2=, 449; act against engaging in, 482; M. on international recognition, =4=, 476, 477. Slavery, effect in colonial Virginia, =1=, 20-22; in debate on Ratification, 440; attitude of Congress (1800), =2=, 449; acquiescence in, =3=, 13 _n._; Nationalism and overthrow, =4=, 370, 420, 536; M.'s attitude, 472-79. _See also_ adjoining titles; and Missouri Compromise. Slaves, of M.'s father, =1=, 37 _n._; owned by M., 167, 180; Jefferson's debts for, 224 _n._; provision in Peace of 1783, controversy, 230, =2=, 108, 114, 121 _n._; in Washington (1801), =3=, 8; common carriers and transportation, =4=, 478. Sloan, James, and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807), =3=, 348. Smallpox, in Revolutionary army, =1=, 87; inoculation against, 162. Smallwood, William, in Philadelphia campaign, =1=, 100. Smilie, John, in Ratification Convention, =1=, 330. Smith, Ann (Marshall), =1=, 485. Smith, Augustine, M.'s uncle, =1=, 485. Smith, Israel, of New York, in Burr conspiracy, =3=, 466 _n._, 491. Smith, Senator Israel, of Vermont, and impeachment of Chase, =3=, 158, 159; votes to acquit, 219, 220. Smith, Jeremiah, on Republican hate of M., =3=, 161; counsel in Dartmouth College case, =4=, 233, 234, 250; fee and portrait, 255 _n._; on M.'s decline, 586. Smith, John, M.'s uncle, =1=, 485. Smith, John, of New York, votes to acquit Chase, =3=, 219, 220. Smith, John, of Ohio, votes to acquit Chase, =3=, 219; and Burr conspiracy, 291, 312; Wilkinson's letter to, 314; and rumor of disunion plan, 316, 319; indicted for treason, 466 _n._; _nolle prosequi_, 524, 541 _n._; attempt to expel from Senate, 540-44. Smith, John Blair, on Henry in campaign for Ratification delegates, =1=, 365. Smith, John Cotton, and Eaton's report on Burr's plans, =3=, 305 _n._ Smith, Jonathan, in Ratification Convention, =1=, 347. Smith, Lize (Marshall), =1=, 485. Smith, Melancthon, on prosperity during Confederation, =1=, 306; on revolutionary action of Framers, 324. Smith, R. Barnwell, on Nullification, =4=, 560. Smith, Robert, dismissal, =4=, 34; vindication, and M., 35. Smith, Sam, on English interest in Ratification, =1=, 313. Smith, Samuel, on Pickering impeachment, =3=, 167; votes to acquit Chase, 220; and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807), 347; and Ogden-Smith trial, 436 _n._; of committee on expulsion of Smith of Ohio, 541 _n._ Smith, Samuel H., on drinking at Washington, =3=, 10 _n._ Smith, Mrs. Samuel H., on Washington social life (1805), =3=, 8 _n._; on Pinkney in court, =4=, 134. Smith, Thomas M., anecdote of M., =4=, 83 _n._ Smith, Judge William, of Georgia, and Yazoo lands, =3=, 549. Smith, Representative William, of South Carolina, on French agents in United States (1797), =2=, 281; on travel (1790), =3=, 55 _n._ Smith, Senator William, of South Carolina, on Missouri question, =4=, 341. Smith, William S., trial, =3=, 436 _n._ Smith _vs._ Maryland, =4=, 165 _n._ Sneyd, Honora, as Philadelphia belle, =1=, 109. Snowden, Edgar, oration on M., =4=, 592. Soane, Henry, =1=, 11 _n._ Social conditions, in later colonial Virginia, =1=, 19-28; drinking, 23, 156 _n._, 186 _n._, 281-83, =2=, 86, 102 _n._, =3=, 9, 400, 501 _n._, =4=, 189 _n._; qualities and influence of backwoodsmen, =1=, 28-31, 235, 236, 274-77; frontier life, 39-41, 53, 54 _n._, =4=, 188-90; dress, =1=, 59, 200, 208, =3=, 396, 397; Richmond in 1780, =1=, 165; degree of prosperity at period of Confederation, 273, 274; classes in Virginia, 277, 278; Jefferson on sectional characteristics, 278-80; contrasts of elegance, 280; food and houses, 280, 281; amusements, 283; Washington boarding-houses, =3=, 7; lack of equality (1803), 13; state then, 13 _n._; advance under Republican rule, 15 _n._; later social life at Richmond, 394. _See also_ Bill of Rights; Communication; Economic conditions; Education; Government; Law and order; Literature; Marriage; Religion; Slavery. Society, M.'s dislike of official, at Washington, =4=, 83-85. "Somers," attack on M., =4=, 360 _n._, 361 _n._ South Carolina, and M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, =4=, 334; Elkison negro seaman case, attack on Johnson's decision, 382, 383; and Tariff of 1828, 537; effect of Georgia-Cherokee contest on, 552. _See also_ Nullification. South Carolina Yazoo Company, =3=, 553 _n._ _See also_ Yazoo. Spain, attitude toward United States (1794), =2=, 109; depredations on American commerce, 496; intrigue in West, Wilkinson as agent, =3=, 283, 284; resentment of West, expectation of war over West Florida, 284, 285, 295, 301, 306, 312, 383 _n._; treaty of 1795, 550 _n._; intrigue and Yazoo grant, 554. Spanish America, desire to free, =3=, 284, 286; Miranda's plans, 286, 300, 301, 306; revolt and M.'s contribution to international law, =4=, 126-28. _See also_ Burr Conspiracy. Speculation, after funding, =2=, 82, 85; in land, 202; as National trait, =3=, 557; after War of 1812, =4=, 169, 181-84. _See also_ Crisis of, 1819. Speech, freedom, and sedition trials, =3=, 42. _See also_ Press. Stamp Act, opposition in Virginia, =1=, 61-65. Standing army. _See_ Army. Stanley, John, in Judiciary debate (1802), =3=, 74 _n._, 75. Stark, John, Ware _vs._ Hylton, =2=, 188. State Rights and Sovereignty, effect on Revolutionary army, =1=, 82, 88-90, 100; in American Revolution, 146; and failure of the Confederation, 308-10; union with democracy, =3=, 48; and declaring Federal acts void, 105; M. on, as factor under Confederation, 259-62; compact, =4=, 316; strict construction and reserved rights, 324 _n._; Taylor's exposition, 335-39; forces (c. 1821), 370; M. on effect of strict construction, 442; and Georgia-Cherokee contest, 541; incompatible with federation, 571. _See also_ Contracts; Eleventh Amendment; Implied powers; Government; Kentucky Resolutions; Nationalism; Nullification; Secession; Virginia Resolutions. States, Madison on necessity of Federal veto of acts, =1=, 312; suits against, in Federal courts, 454, =2=, 83. _See also_ Government. Stay and tender act in Virginia, =1=, 207 _n._ _See also_ Debts. Steamboats, Fulton's experiments, Livingston's interest, =4=, 397-99; Livingston's grants of monopoly in New York, 399; first on the Mississippi, grant of monopoly in Louisiana, 402, 402 _n._, 403 _n._, 414; other grants of monopoly, 415; interstate retaliation, 415; great development, 415, 416. _See also_ Gibbons _vs._ Ogden. Steele, Jonathan, witness against Pickering, reward, =3=, 181 _n._ Stephen, Adam, in Ratification Convention, characterized, =1=, 465; on Indians, 465. Steuben, Baron von, on Revolutionary army, =1=, 84; training of the army, 88 _n._, 133. Stevens, Edward, officer of minute men, =1=, 69. Stevens, Thaddeus, as House leader, =3=, 84 _n._ Stevens _vs._ Taliaferro, =2=, 180 _n._ Stevenson, Andrew, resolution against M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, =4=, 324; and repeal of appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court, 379. Stewart, Dr. ----, and Jay Treaty, =2=, 121. Stirling, William, Lord, intrigue against, =1=, 122. Stith, Judge, and Yazoo lands, =3=, 555. Stoddert, Benjamin, _Aurora_ on, =2=, 492; at Burr trial, =3=, 458; as Secretary of the Navy, 458 _n._; proposes M. for President, =4=, 31-34. Stone, David, and Granville heirs case, =4=, 155 _n._ Stone _vs._ Mississippi, =4=, 279 _n._ Stony Point, assault, =1=, 138-42. Story, ----, on Ratification in Virginia, =1=, 445. Story, Elisha, Republican, =4=, 96; children, 97; in Revolution, 97 _n._ Story, Joseph, on M. and his father, =1=, 43; on M. in Jonathan Robins case, =2=, 473; on Washington (1808), =3=, 6; and common-law jurisdiction, 28 _n._, =4=, 30 _n._; on Chase, =3=, 184 _n._; on Jefferson's Anas, 230 _n._; and Yazoo claims, 583, 586; on conduct of Minister Jackson, =4=, 23; on conduct of Federalists (1809), 23 _n._; on Federalists and War of 1812, 30, 40; on Chief Justiceship, 59 _n._; appointed Justice, history of appointment, 60, 106-10; compared and contrasted with M., 60; on M.'s attitude toward women, 71; and poetry, 80; on M.'s charm, 81; on life of Justices, 86, 87; on M.'s desire for argument of cases, 94 _n._, 95 _n._; character, 95; as supplement to M., 96, 120, 523; Republican, 96; birth, education, 97; antipathy of Federalists, 97; in Congress, Jefferson's enmity, 97, 99; cultivated by Federalists, 98; devotion to M., 99, 523; authority on law of real estate, 100; and Nationalism, 116, 145; on constitutionality of Embargo, 118 _n._; authority on admiralty, 119; United States _vs._ Palmer, 126; appearance, 132; on oratory before Supreme Court, 133, 135 _n._; dissent in _Nereid_ case, 142; opinions in Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee, 144, 145, 156, 161-64; assailed for opinion, contemplates resignation, 166; and Dartmouth College case, 232, 243 _n._, 251, 255, 257, 259 _n._, 274, 275; opinion in Terrett _vs._ Taylor, 243; on Dartmouth decision, 277; on M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 284, 287; and M.'s reply to Roane, 322; omnivorous reader, 363; and Jefferson's attack on Judiciary, 363, 364; opinion in Green _vs._ Biddle, 376; on Todd's absence, 381 _n._; in Massachusetts Constitutional Convention, 471; on slave trade and law of nations, 476; opinion in Bank _vs._ Dandridge, 482; dissent in Ogden _vs._ Saunders, 482 _n._; on proposed repeal of appellate jurisdiction, 514; and M.'s suggested resignation, 520; on M.'s recovery, 528; dissent in Cherokee Nation _vs._ Georgia, 546 _n._; on Worcester _vs._ Georgia, 551; on Nullification movement, 559; on Jackson's Proclamation, 563; M. and Commentaries and its dedication, 569, 576, 580, 581; on Webster's speech against Nullification, 572; article on statesmen, 577; on M.'s green old age, 579; and Briscoe _vs._ Bank and New York _vs._ Miln, 583, 584 _n._; and M.'s decline, 586, 587; epitaph for M., 592, 593. Strict construction. _See_ Nationalism; State Rights. Strong, Caleb, and Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 129. Stuart, David, and chancery bill (1787), =1=, 219; on title for President, =2=, 36; on Virginia's hostility to National Government (1790), 68 _n._ Stuart, Gilbert, and engraving for M.'s _Washington_, =3=, 236 _n._; portraits of Dartmouth College case counsel, =4=, 255 _n._ Stuart _vs._ Laird, =3=, 130. Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield, case, =4=, 209; M.'s opinion, 209-18; right of State to enact bankruptcy laws, 208-12; New York insolvency law as impairing the obligation of contracts, 212-18; reception of opinion, 218, 219. Sturgis, Josiah. _See_ Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield. Subpoena _duces tecum_, to President Adams, =3=, 33, 86; to Jefferson in Burr trial, 433-47, 450, 518-22; Jefferson's reply, 454-56; of Cabinet officers in Ogden-Smith case, 436 _n._ Suffrage, limitation, =1=, 217 _n._, 284, =3=, 13 _n._, 15 _n._; problem in Virginia, M.'s conservatism on it, =4=, 468-71; in Massachusetts Constitutional Convention (1820), 471; debate in Virginia Constitutional Convention (1830), 501-07. Sullivan, George, counsel in Dartmouth College case, =4=, 234. Sullivan, John, dissatisfaction, =1=, 86; Brandywine campaign, 95; Germantown, 102; intrigue against, 122. Sullivan, John L., steamboat monopoly, =4=, 415. Sullivan, Samuel, Osborn _vs._ Bank, =4=, 331. Sumter, Thomas, on Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 54; and Yazoo claims, 583. Supreme Court, Ware _vs._ Hylton, M.'s argument, =2=, 189-92; Hunter _vs._ Fairfax, 206-08; M. declines Associate Justiceship, 347, 378, 379; salaries (1800), 539 _n._; question of Chief Justice (1801), 552; Jefferson's attitude and plans against, =3=, 20-22; United States _vs._ Hudson, no Federal common-law jurisdiction, 28 _n._; influence of Alien and Sedition Acts on position, 49; Justices on circuit, 55; act abolishing June session, purpose, 94-97; low place in public esteem, 120; first room in Capitol, 121 _n._; mandamus jurisdiction, 127-32; plan to impeach all Federal Justices, 159-63, 173, 176, 178; release of Swartwout and Bollmann on habeas corpus, 346, 348-57; renewal of attack on, during Burr trial, 357; becomes Republican, =4=, 60; under M. life and consultations of Justices, 86-89; character on M.'s control, 89; practitioners in M.'s time, 94, 95, 131-35; appointment of successor to Cushing, Story, 106-10; quarters after burning of Capitol, 130; appearance in _Nereid_ case, 131; Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee, right of appeal from State courts, 156-67; salary question (1816), 166; change in repute, 310; apostacy of Republican Justices, 317, 358, 359, 444; Wirt on, 369 _n._; attack in Congress, movement to restrict power over State laws (1821-25), 371-80, 394-96, 450; renewal of attempt (1830), 514-17; proposed Virginia amendment, 371, 378; Green _vs._ Biddle, protest of Kentucky, 375-77, 380-82; alarm in, over attacks, 381; reversal of attitude toward, causes, 450-54; personnel (1830), 510; becomes restive under M.'s rule, 510, 513; M. anticipates reaction in, against Nationalism, 513, 514, 582, 584; Jefferson's later denunciation, 538; Jackson's denial of authority of opinions, 530-32; rule of majority on constitutional questions, 583. _See also_ Commerce; Contracts; Declaring acts void; Implied powers; International law; Judiciary; Marshall, John (_Chief Justice_); Nationalism; Story, Joseph; cases by title. Swartwout, Samuel, takes Burr's letter to Wilkinson, =3=, 307; and Wilkinson, 320, 332 _n._, 354 _n._; denial of Wilkinson's statement, 320 _n._; character then, later fall, 321 _n._, 465; arrested, mistreatment, 332, 334; brought to Washington, 343; held for trial, 344-46; discharged by Supreme Court, 346-57; testifies at Burr trial, 465; not indicted, 466 _n._; insults and challenges Wilkinson, 471; as Jackson's adviser, =4=, 532 _n._ Sweden, and Barbary Powers, =2=, 499. Talbot, Isham, on Supreme Court, =4=, 451. Talbot, Silas, _Sandwich_ affair, =2=, 496; _Amelia_ case, =3=, 16. Talbot _vs._ Seeman, =3=, 16, 17, 273 _n._ Taliaferro, Lawrence, colonel of minute men, =1=, 69. Talleyrand Périgord, Charles M. de, on narrow belt of settlement, =1=, 258; on Baltimore, 264; on food and drink, 282; rise, =2=, 249, 250; opinion of United States, 250, 251; and Bonaparte, 272, 288; and reopening of American negotiations, 423. _See also_ X. Y. Z. Mission. Tallmadge, Benjamin, on War of 1812, =4=, 40 _n._ Talmadge, Matthias B., Ogden-Smith trial, =3=, 436 _n._ Taney, Roger B., as practitioner before M., =4=, 135 _n._; counsel in Brown _vs._ Maryland, 455; career, 455 _n._; later opinion on Brown _vs._ Maryland, 460; Chief Justice, 584 _n._ Tariff, antagonistic State laws during Confederation, =1=, 310, 311; Taylor's attack on protection, =4=, 338 _n._, 366-68; as element in strife of political theories, 370, 536; threatened resistance, reference to by M. and Johnson, 384, 388 _n._, 394 _n._, 459, 536, 537, 555; debate (1824) and Gibbons _vs._ Ogden, 421; Compromise, 574. _See also_ Import duties; Nullification; Taxation. Tarleton, Banastre, in Philadelphia society, =1=, 109; in Virginia, 144 _n._ Tarring and feathering, practice, =1=, 214 _n._ Tassels, George, trial and execution, =4=, 542, 543. Tavern, Richmond (1780), =1=, 172; at Raleigh, =4=, 65. Taxation, Virginia commutable act, =1=, 207 _n._; not cause of Shays's Rebellion, 299, 300; opposition to power in Federal Constitution, 334; Ratification debate, 342, 366, 390, 404, 413, 416, 419, 421; proposed amendment on power, 477; Federal, as issue (1800), =2=, 520, 530 _n._; exemption of lands as contract, =4=, 221-23; M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, Osborn _vs._ Bank, State taxation of Federal instruments, 302-08; State power and commerce clause, 435, 454-59. _See also_ Directory; Excise; Finances; Requisitions; Tariff. Taylor, George Keith, and privateer incident, =2=, 106; courtship and marriage, M.'s interest, 174, 175; Federal appointment as nepotism, 560 _n._ Taylor, John, of Caroline, Hite _vs._ Fairfax, =1=, 191, 192; attack on Hamilton's financial system, =2=, 69; suggests idea of Kentucky Resolutions, 397; and Callender trial, =3=, 38 _n._, 39, 176, 177, 190, 214; and repeal of Judiciary Act, 58 _n._, 607-10; control of Virginia politics, =4=, 146; attack on M.'s Nationalist opinions, 309, 335-39; attack on protective tariff, 338 _n._, 366-68. Taylor, John, of Mass., on travel, =1=, 257; in Ratification Convention, 345. Taylor, Peter, testimony in Burr trial, =3=, 425, 426, 465, 488. Taylor, Robert, grand juror on Burr, =3=, 413 _n._ Taylor, Thomas, security for Burr, =3=, 429 _n._ Tazewell, Littleton W., grand juror on Burr, =3=, 413 _n._; on Swartwout, 465 _n._; M. soothes, =4=, 88; in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 484; in debate on State Judiciary, 489, 490. Tennessee, Burr in, his plan to represent in Congress, =3=, 292-96, 312, 313; tax on external banks, =4=, 207; and M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 334. Tennessee Company, =3=, 550, 553 _n._ _See also_ Yazoo. Terence, on law and injustice, =3=, 1. Terrett _vs._ Taylor, =4=, 243 _n._, 246 _n._ Territory, powers of Governor, =2=, 446; M. on government, =4=, 142-44. Thacher, George, and slavery, =2=, 450. Thatcher, Samuel C., on M.'s biography of Washington, =3=, 269, 270. Thayer, James B., on M. at Wickham's dinner, =3=, 396 _n._ Theater, M. and, =2=, 217, 231. Thibaudeau, Antoine C. de, and 18th Fructidor, =2=, 240. Thomas, Robert, and Yazoo lands act, =3=, 547. Thompson, James, as M.'s instructor, =1=, 53; parish, 54; political opinions, 54; and military preparation, 70. Thompson, John, address on Jay Treaty, =2=, 126-29; Curtius letters on M., 395, 396, =3=, 354; character, =2=, 396 _n._ Thompson, John A., arrest by Georgia, =4=, 574. Thompson, Lucas P., in Virginia Constitutional Convention, =4=, 496, 500. Thompson, Philip R., in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, =3=, 74; and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807), 347. Thompson, Samuel, in Ratification Convention, =1=, 345, 346, 348. Thompson, Smith, on Livingston steamboat monopoly, =4=, 406; dissents from Brown _vs._ Maryland, 455; on slave trade and law of nations, 476; opinion in Ogden _vs._ Saunders, 481 _n._; dissent in Craig _vs._ Missouri, 513; dissent in Cherokee Nation _vs._ Georgia, 546 _n._; and M., 582; and Briscoe _vs._ Bank and New York _vs._ Miln, 583. Thompson, William, attack on M., =3=, 525, 533-35. Thruston, Buckner, of Smith committee, =3=, 541 _n._ Ticknor, George, on M., =4=, 91 _n._; on Supreme Court in _Nereid_ case, 131. Tiffin, Edward, and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 324. Tilghman, Tench, on luxury in Philadelphia, =1=, 108 _n._ Titles, influence of French Revolutions, =2=, 36-38. Toasts, typical Federalist (1798), =2=, 349 _n._; Federalist, to the Judiciary, 548 _n._; Burr's, on Washington's birthday, =3=, 280; Jefferson's, on freedom of the seas, =4=, 23; Jackson's "Union," 557. Tobacco, characteristics of culture, =1=, 19; universal use, =3=, 399. Todd, Thomas, and Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee, =4=, 153; and Dartmouth College case, 255; and Green _vs._ Biddle, 381 _n._; on regulating power to declare State acts void, 396 _n._ Tompkins, Daniel D., and Livingston steamboat monopoly, =4=, 411. Tories. _See_ Loyalists. Townsend, Henry A., and Livingston steamboat monopoly, =4=, 409 _n._ Tracy, Uriah, and reopening of French negotiations, =2=, 425; on pardon of Fries, 430 _n._; on Republican ascendancy (1800), 521 _n._; in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, =3=, 61; on Louisiana Purchase, 150; at Chase trial, 217; and Burr, 281. Transportation. _See_ Commerce; Communication; Internal improvements. Travel, hardships, =1=, 250, 255-64; conditions as an index of community isolation, 251, 255; conditions (c. 1815), =3=, 4 _n._, 5 _n._; stage time between Richmond and Raleigh (c. 1810), =4=, 63 _n._ Treason, Jefferson's views in 1794 and 1807, =2=, 91; Fries trial, =3=, 34-36; basis of constitutional limitation, 349-51, 402-04; necessity of actual levy of war, what constitutes, 350, 351, 377-79, 388, 442, 491, 505-09, 619; presence of accused at assembly, 350, 484, 493-97, 502, 509-12, 540, 620-26; legal order of proof, 424, 425, 484-87; attempt to amend law, 540. Treaties, M. on constitutional power of execution, Jonathan Robins case, =2=, 461-71; supreme law, =3=, 17, =4=, 156. _See also_ next title. Treaty-making power, in Ratification debate, =1=, 442, 444; in contest over Jay Treaty, =2=, 119, 128, 133-36, 141-43. Trevett _vs._ Weeden, =3=, 611. Trimble, David, attack on Supreme Court, =4=, 395. Trimble, Robert, opinion in Ogden _vs._ Saunders, =4=, 481 _n._ Triplett, James, and Callender trial, =3=, 37. Tronçon, -----, and 18th Fructidor, =2=, 240. Troup, George M., and Yazoo claims, denunciation of M., =3=, 596-601. Troup, Robert on Republicans and X. Y. Z. dispatches, =2=, 339, 342; on M.'s return, 344; on war preparations, 357, 363; on Adams's absence, 431; on disruption of British-debts commission, 501; on Federalist dissensions, 526; on Hamilton's attack on Adams, 528 _n._; on Morris in Judiciary debate (1802), =3=, 71; on isolation of Burr, 279 _n._, 280 _n._ Trumbull, Jonathan, and pardon of Williams, =2=, 496 _n._ Truxtun, Thomas, and Burr Conspiracy, =3=, 302, 303, 614; at trial, testimony, 451, 458-62, 488; career and grievance, 458 _n._, 462. Tucker, George, on social conditions in Virginia, =1=, 23 _n._, 24 _n._ Tucker, Henry St. George, and internal improvements, =4=, 418; counsel in Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee, 161. Tucker, St. George, on British debts, =1=, 441 _n._; and right of secession, =3=, 430; and Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee, =4=, 148 _n._, 151 _n._ Tucker, Thomas T., journey (1790), =3=, 55 _n._ Tunno, Adam, and Yazoo lands, =3=, 566 _n._ Tupper, Edward W., and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 427. Turner, Thomas, sale to M.'s father, =1=, 55. Turner _vs._ Fendall, =3=, 18. Turreau, Louis M., on secession threats, =4=, 25 _n._ Twelfth Amendment, origin, =2=, 533 _n._ Tyler, Comfort, in Burr conspiracy, =3=, 324, 361, 489, 491; indicted for treason, 466 _n._ Tyler, John [1], in Ratification Convention: Vice-President, =1=, 432; in the debate, 440; and amendments, 473, 474; on Judiciary, =3=, 28; on speculation, 557 _n._; on M. and neutral trade controversy, =4=, 25; appointment as District Judge, Jefferson's activity, 103-06; Livingston _vs._ Jefferson, 111-13. Tyler, John [2], on Bank of the United States, =4=, 289; and American Colonization Society, 474, 476 _n._; tribute to M., 476 _n._; in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 484. _Unicorn_ incident, =2=, 103-06. Union, M.'s early training in idea, =1=, 9; lack of popular appreciation, 285. _See also_ Confederation; Continental Congress; Federal Constitution; Government; Nationalism; Nullification; State Rights; Secession. _United States Oracle of the Day_, on Paterson's charge, =3=, 30 _n._ United States _vs._ Fisher, =3=, 162. United States _vs._ Hopkins, =3=, 130 _n._ United States _vs._ Hudson, =3=, 28 _n._ United States _vs._ Lawrence, =3=, 129 _n._ United States _vs._ Palmer, =4=, 126, 127. United States _vs._ Peters, =3=, 129 _n._, =4=, 18-21. United States _vs._ Ravara, =3=, 129 _n._ United States _vs._ Schooner Peggy, =3=, 17, 273 _n._ United States _vs._ Worral, =3=, 28 _n._ Upper Mississippi Company, Yazoo land purchase, =3=, 550. _See also_ Yazoo. Upshur, Abel P., and American Colonization Society, =4=, 474; in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 484, 502 _n._ Valentine, Edward V., on M., =4=, 67 _n._ Valley Forge, army at, =1=, 110-17, 131, 132; M.'s cheerful influence, 117-20, 132; discipline, 120. Van Buren, Martin, on revolutionary action of Framers, =1=, 323 _n._; on Supreme Court, =4=, 380, 452; as Jackson's adviser, 532 _n._ Van Horne's Lessee _vs._ Dorrance, =3=, 612. Van Ingen, James, and Livingston steamboat monopoly, suits, =4=, 405-09. Varnum, James M., on army at Valley Forge, =1=, 115. Varnum, Joseph B., and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807), =3=, 348. Vassalborough, Me., and Ratification, =1=, 341. _Venus_ case, M.'s dissent, =4=, 128, 129. Vermont, and Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, =3=, 105 _n._, 106; steamboat monopoly, =4=, 415. Vestries in colonial Virginia, =1=, 52. Veto of State laws, Madison on necessity of Federal, =1=, 312. _See also_ Declaring acts void. Villette, Madame de, as agent in X. Y. Z. Mission, =2=, 290; M.'s farewell to, 333. Virginia, state of colonial society, =1=, 19-28; character and influence of frontiersmen, 28-31; as birthplace of statesmen, 32; colonial roads, 36 _n._; vestries, 52; Convention (1775), 65, 66; preparation for the Revolution, 69-74; battle of Great Bridge, 74-78; Norfolk, 78; Jefferson's services during the Revolution, 128; M. in Council of State, 209-12; political machine, 210, =2=, 56 _n._, =4=, 146, 174, 485-88; suffrage and representation under first Constitution, =1=, 217 _n._; religious state and controversy, 220-22; and British debts, 223-31; hardships of travel, 259-62; classes, 277, 278; houses and food, 280, 281; drinking, 281-83; paper money, 296; prosperity during Confederation, 306; tariff, 310; attack on Constitution of 1776 (1789), =2=, 56 _n._; and assumption of State debts, 62-69; hostility to new government (1790), 68 _n._; and Whiskey Insurrection, 88-90; _Unicorn_ privateer incident, 103-06; election on neutrality issue (1794), 106; and Jay Treaty, 120, 126, 129; Richmond meeting on Jay Treaty, 149-55; Marshall's campaign for Congress (1798), 374-80, 401, 409-16; election methods and scenes, 413-15; survey for internal improvements (1812), =4=, 42-45; M. anticipates split, 571. _See also_ following titles; and Bank of Virginia; Cohens _vs._ Virginia; House of Burgesses; Legislature; Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee; Ratification. Virginia Constitutional Convention (1829-30), M. and election to, =4=, 467; need, Jefferson and demand, 468, 469; suffrage problem, M.'s conservatism on in, 469-71; prominent members, 484; petition on suffrage, 484; M.'s report on Judiciary, 484, 485; existing oligarchic system, 485-88; extent of demand for judicial reform, 488; M. as reactionary in, 488, 507, 508; M.'s standing, 489; debate on Judiciary, 489-501; debate on suffrage, 501-07; justification of conservatism, 508. Virginia Resolutions, M. foretells, =2=, 394; framing and adoption, 399; Madison's address of the majority, 400, 411; M.'s address of the minority, 402-06; military measure to uphold, 406, 408; Henry on, 411; consideration in Massachusetts, =3=, 43; Dana on, 45; as Republican gospel, 105-08; resolutions of Federalist States on, 105 _n._, 106 _n._; Madison's later explanation, 557; as continued creed of Virginia, 576, 577. _See also_ State Rights. Virginia Yazoo Company, =3=, 553 _n._ _See also_ Yazoo. Visit and search, by British vessels, =2=, 229. _See also_ Impressment; Neutral trade. Wadsworth, Peleg, and M. (1796), =2=, 198. Wait, Thomas B., on Ratification in Pennsylvania, =1=, 331 _n._, 342. Waite, Morrison R., on Dartmouth College case, =4=, 280. Waldo, Albigence, on army at Valley Forge, =1=, 112-14, 124; on prisoners of war, 115. Walker, David, on Bank of the United States, =4=, 289. Walker, Freeman, on Missouri question, =4=, 341. War. _See_ Army; Militia; Navy; Preparedness; and wars by name. War of 1812, M.'s opposition, =4=, 1, 35-41; bibliography, 8 _n._; demanded by second generation of statesmen, 28, 29; declaration, 29; causes, 29 _n._, 52-55; opposition of Federalists, 30, 45, 46, 48; and M.'s candidacy for President, 31-34; dependence on European war, 50, 51; Hartford Convention, 51; direct and indirect results, 56-58; finances, 177, 179. Warden, John, offends Virginia House, =1=, 215. Ware _vs._ Hylton, M.'s connection and arguments, =2=, 186-92. Warrington, James, and Yazoo lands, =3=, 566 _n._ Warville, Jean P. Brissot de, on tobacco culture, =1=, 20 _n._; on drinking, 282 _n._ Washington, Bushrod, on Madison in Ratification Convention, =1=, 395; and Jay Treaty, =2=, 121; and M. (1798), 375; appointment to Supreme Court, 378, 379; appearance, =4=, 131, 249; and Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee, 156; and Dartmouth College case, 255; and M.'s reply to attack on M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 318; opinion in Green _vs._ Biddle, 380; opinion in Ogden _vs._ Saunders, 481 _n._; death, 581. _See also_ Biography. Washington, George, _pre-presidential years_: in Braddock's march and defeat, =1=, 2-5; reported slain, 5; and M.'s father, 7, 46; landed estate, 20 _n._; as statesman, 32; early reading, 46 _n._; influence of Lord Fairfax, 50; on frontier discomforts, 53 _n._, 54 _n._; in Virginia Convention (1775), 66; on military preparedness, 69; on state of the army, 80-83, 86, 92, 131, 132; on militia, 83-86, 100; smallpox, 87 _n._; Brandywine campaign, 92-98; campaign before Philadelphia, 98-102; as sole dependence of the Revolution (1778), 101, 121, 124; Germantown, 102-04; besought to apostatize, 105, 130, 131; final movements before Philadelphia, 105-07; fears at Valley Forge, 114; discipline, 120; intrigue against, 121-23; plea for a better Continental Congress, 124-26, 131; distrust of effect of French alliance, 134; Monmouth, 134-38; and Stony Point, 139; and light infantry, 139 _n._; and military smartness, 140 _n._; and Mary Cary, 150 _n._; and purchase of land from M.'s father, 167; employs M.'s legal services, 196; on post-Revolutionary Assembly, 206; and relief for Thomas Paine, 213; and internal improvements, 217; hot-tempered Nationalism during Confederation, 342; loses faith in democracy, 252; on unreliability of newspapers, 268; on drinking, 282 _n._, 283; on chimney-corner patriots, 286; on debased specie, 297; despair (1786), 301, 307; on requisitions, 305; on responsibility of States for failure of Confederation, 308, 309; on influence in Virginia of previous ratifications, 356; and Randolph's attitude on Ratification, 362, 377 _n._, 382 _n._; on campaign for Anti-Constitutionalist delegates, 366, 367; on opposition of leaders in State politics, 366 _n._; on detailed debate in Virginia Convention, 370 _n._; influence on Ratification Convention, 476; on the contest in Virginia, 478; and opposition after Ratification, 248; as distiller, =2=, 86 _n._; on West and Union, =3=, 282 _n._ _As President and after_: hardships of travel, =1=, 255, 259; influence of French Revolution, =2=, 3; and beginning of French Revolution, 10; and Genêt, 28; and imprisonment of Lafayette, 33; on democratic clubs, 38, 88, 89; Virginia address (1789), 57; on Virginia's opposition (1790), 68 _n._; opposes partisanship, 76; and antagonism in Cabinet, 82; and Whiskey Insurrection, 87, 89; and neutrality, 92; on attacks, 93 _n._, 164; and attacks on M.'s character, 102, 103; and British crisis (1794), 112; attacks on, over Jay Treaty, 116-18; J. Q. Adams on policy, 119 _n._; on attacks on treaty, 120; M. refuses Cabinet offices, 122, 123, 147; M. advises on Cabinet positions, 124-26, 132; virtual censure by Virginia Legislature, 137-40; offers French mission to M., 144-46; and support of Jay Treaty, 149, 150; final Republican abuse, 158, 162-64; address of Virginia Legislature (1796), 159-62; and M.'s appointment to X. Y. Z. Mission, 216; Monroe's attack, 222; M.'s letters during X. Y. Z. mission, 229, 233-44, 267-72, 320-23; on hopes for X. Y. Z. Mission, 244; on X. Y. Z. dispatches and French partisans, 340, 359, 360; Federalist toast to (1798), 349 _n._; accepts command of army, 357; does not anticipate land war, 357; on Gerry, 365; persuades M. to run for Congress (1798), 374-78; Langhorne letter, 375 _n._; and M.'s election, 416; and M.'s apology for statement by supporters, 416, 417; death, M.'s announcement in Congress, 440-43; House resolutions, authorship of "first in war" designation, 443-45; and slavery petitions, 450 _n._; temperament contrasted with Adams's, 487 _n._; Jefferson's Mazzei letter on, 537 _n._; Weems's biography, =3=, 231 _n._; and French War, 258 _n._; M.'s biography on Administration, 263-65; and Yazoo lands, 569. _See also_ Biography. Washington, D.C., Morris's land speculation, =2=, 205 _n._; condition when first occupied, 494 _n._; aspect (1801), =3=, 1-4; lack of progress, 4-6; malaria, 6; absence of churches, 6; boarding-houses, 7; population, 9; drinking, 9; factions, 10; Webster on, =4=, 86. _See also_ District of Columbia. _Washington Federalist_, on Hamilton's attack on Adams, =2=, 528; campaign virulence, 530 _n._; eulogism of Adams, 532 _n._; M.'s reputed influence over, 532 _n._, 541, 547 _n._; and Jefferson-Burr contest, 534 _n._, 540; on Hay's attack on M., 543 _n._; on Republican armed threat, 544 _n._, 545 _n._; sentiment after Jefferson's election, 547 _n._; on Judiciary debate (1802), and secession, =3=, 72; on Bayard's speech on Judiciary, 82; on Randolph's speech, 87 _n._; on repeal of Judiciary Act, 92, 93; on Burr's farewell address, 274 _n._ Washington's birthday, celebration abandoned (1804), =3=, 210 _n._; Burr's toast, 280. Washita lands, Burr's plan to settle, =3=, 292 _n._, 303, 310, 312, 313, 314 _n._, 319, 324 _n._, 361 _n._, 362, 461, 462, 523, 527; Water travel, hardships, =1=, 259, =3=, 55 _n._ _See also_ Steamboat. Watkins, John, and Burr, =3=, 295; and Wilkinson and Adair, 337 _n._ Watson, Elkanah, on army at Valley Forge, =1=, 111 _n._; on hardships of travel, 263 _n._; on Virginia social conditions, 277 _n._; on dissipation, 283 _n._ Wayne, Anthony, discipline, =1=, 88; in Brandywine campaign, 93, 95, 96; in Philadelphia campaign, 100; Germantown, 102; Monmouth campaign, 135; Stony Point, 139-41; and supplies, 139 _n._; on military smartness, 139 _n._ Wayne, C. P., negotiations to publish M.'s biography, =3=, 225-27; agreement, 227, 228; and political situation, 230; solicitation of subscriptions, 230, 235; and M.'s delays and prolixity, 235, 236, 239, 241; and financial problem, 236, 250; payment of royalty, 247, 248, 251; and revised edition, 272. Wayne, James M., appointment to Supreme Court, =4=, 584. Webb, Foster, and Tabby Eppes, =1=, 182. Webster, Daniel, on Yazoo claims, =3=, 602; opposes new Western States, =4=, 28 _n._; and War of 1812, 48; opposes conscription, 51 _n._, 52 _n._; on M., 59 _n._; on Washington, 86; as practitioner before M., 95, 135; on bank debate, 180; counsel in Dartmouth College case, 233, 234, 260, 273; and story of Indian students, 233 _n._; on the trial, 237, 240 _n._, 250 _n._, 253 _n._, 254 _n._, 261 _n._, 273, 274; argument in case, 240-52; tribute to Dartmouth, 248-50; fee and portrait, 255 _n._; and success in case, 273; counsel in M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, appearance, 284; argument, 285; on the case, 288; debt to M. in reply to Hayne, 293 _n._, 552-55; counsel in Cohens _vs._ Virginia, 357; in and on debate on Supreme Court, 379, 380, 395, 395 _n._, 452 _n._; counsel in Osborn _vs._ Bank, 385; resolution on regulating power to declare State acts void, 396, 451; counsel in Gibbons _vs._ Ogden, 413, 424; argument, 424-27; fanciful story on it, 424 _n._; overlooks M.'s earlier decision on question, 427-29; and American Colonization Society, 474; and recharter of the Bank, 530; on Nullification, M.'s commendation, 572. Webster, Ezekiel, on War of 1812, =4=, 46 _n._ Webster, Noah, on Jacobin enthusiasm, =2=, 35 _n._; on license of the press, 530; and biography of Washington, =3=, 225 _n._ Weems, Mason L., biography of Washington, =3=, 225 _n._, 231 _n._; character, 231; career, 231 _n._; soliciting agent for M.'s biography of Washington, 231-34, 252; his orders for books, 252 _n._, 253 _n._ Weld, Isaac, on hardships of travel, =1=, 250; on William and Mary, 272; on lack of comforts, 274; on drinking, 281; on passion for military titles, 328 _n._; on attacks on Washington, =2=, 117 _n._ Wentworth, John, charter for Dartmouth College, =4=, 224. West, and attitude toward Union, Spanish intrigue, =3=, 282-85, 297, 299, 554; Burr turns to, 286; M. on internal improvements and (1812), =4=, 43-45; War of 1812 and migration, 57; _See also_ Burr conspiracy; Frontier; Yazoo lands. West Florida, expected war with Spain over, =3=, 284, 285, 295, 301, 306, 312, 383 _n._ West Virginia, M. anticipates formation, =4=, 571. Western claims, Georgia claim and cession, =3=, 553, 569, 570, 573. Western Reserve, cession, =2=, 446; Granger's connection, =3=, 578. Westmoreland County, Vs., slave population (1790), =1=, 21 _n._ Wharton, Colonel, and Swartwout and Bollmann, =3=, 344. Wheaton, Joseph, and Burr, =3=, 304 _n._ Wheelock, Eleazer, and origin of Dartmouth College, =4=, 223-26; and Bellamy, 227. Wheelock, John, President of Dartmouth College, =4=, 226; in Revolution, 226 _n._; troubles and removal, 227, 228; reëlected under State reorganization, 232. Whiskey Insurrection, opposition to Federal excise, =2=, 86, 87; outbreak, 87; democratic societies and, 88, 89; M. and, 89, 90; Jefferson's support, 90; political effect, 91. Whitaker, Nathaniel, and Dartmouth College, =4=, 223. White, Abraham, in Ratification Convention, =1=, 345. White, Samuel, and Pickering impeachment, =3=, 167, 168 _n._ White House, in 1801, =3=, 2. Whitehill, Robert, in Ratification Convention, =1=, 329. Whitney, Eli, cotton gin, =3=, 555. Whittington _vs._ Polk, =3=, 612. Wickham, John, as lawyer, =1=, 173; mock argument with M., =2=, 184; Ware _vs._ Hylton, 188; and Chase impeachment, =3=, 176; Burr's counsel, at preliminary hearing, 373, 379, 407; Burr and M. at dinner with, 394-97; on motion to commit Burr for treason, 416, 418, 424; and subpoena to Jefferson, 435; on preliminary proof of overt act, 485; on overt act, 491-94; counsel in Hunter _vs._ Fairfax's Devisee, =4=, 151; practitioner before M., 237 _n._ Wickliffe, Charles A., bill on Supreme Court, =4=, 380. Widgery, William, in Ratification Convention, =1=, 344, 345, 350. Wilkins, William, and Burr, =3=, 311 _n._ Wilkinson, James, Conway Cabal, =1=, 121-23; as Spanish agent, =3=, 283, 284, 316, 320 _n._, 337 _n._; and Burr's plans, proposes Mexican invasion, 290, 294, 297, 460; and rumors of disunion plans, 297; plans to abandon Burr, 298, 300 _n._, 320; at Louisiana frontier, expected to bring on war, 302, 308, 314; Burr's cipher letter, 307-09, 614, 615; letters to Adair and Smith, 314; and Swartwout, 320, 354 _n._, 465; revelation to Jefferson, 321-23, 433, 518-22; ordered to New Orleans, 324; pretended terror, 328; appeal for money to Viceroy, 329; and to Jefferson, 330; reign of terror in New Orleans, 330-37; sends Jefferson a version of Burr's letter, 334; Jefferson's message on it, 339, 341; affidavit and version of Burr's letter in Swartwout case, 341, 352-56; House debate on conduct, 358-60; and Burr in Mississippi, denounced there, 364, 365; attendance awaited at trial of Burr, 383, 393, 415, 416, 429, 431, 432, 440; arrival and conduct, 456, 457; Jackson denounces, 457; before grand jury, barely escapes indictment, 463, 464; swallows Swartwout's insult, 471; fear, Jefferson bolsters, 472, 477; attachment against, 473-75; and _Chesapeake-Leopard_ affair, 476; personal effect of testimony, 523; Daveiss's pamphlet on, 525. William and Mary College, M. at, =1=, 154; conditions during period of M.'s attendance, 155-58, 272; Phi Beta Kappa, 158; debating, 159; fees from surveys, 179 _n._ Williams, ----, counsel for Bollmann, =3=, 453. Williams, Isaac, trial and pardon, =2=, 495, =3=, 26. Williams, Robert, in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, =3=, 73. Williamsburg, and frontier minute men, =1=, 75; "Palace," 163 _n._ Williamson, ----, loyalist, mobbed, =1=, 214. Williamson, Charles, and Burr, =3=, 288, 289. Wills, of M.'s putative great-grandfather, =1=, 483, 484; of M.'s grandfather, 485; M.'s, =4=, 525 _n._ Wilson, James, and Ratification in Pennsylvania, =1=, 329, 332; and in Virginia, 401; and common-law jurisdiction, =3=, 24-26; and British precedents, 28 _n._; on declaring acts void, 115 _n._, 117; and Yazoo lands, 548, 555; in Federal Convention, on obligation of contracts, 558 _n._ Wilson _vs._ Mason, =3=, 17 _n._ Wine, M. as judge, =4=, 79. _See also_ Drinking. Wirt, William, on William and Mary, =1=, 156 _n._; on frontiersmen, 236 _n._; on M.'s appearance, =2=, 168, 169; on M. as lawyer, 192, 193, 195, 196; on social contrasts (1803), =3=, 13; _Letters of a British Spy_, 13 _n._; in Callender trial, 38-40, 190, 203; prosecutes Burr, 407; dissipation, 407 _n._; on motion to commit Burr for treason, 417; on subpoena to Jefferson, 438, 439; on preliminary proof of overt act, 485; on overt act, 495-97, 616-18; on M. at trial, 517, 521; in trial for misdemeanor, 522; on M.'s personality, =4=, 91 _n._; as practitioner before M., 95, 135 _n._; on long arguments, 95 _n._; on Pinkney, 131 _n._, 134 _n._; counsel in Dartmouth College case, 239, 253; and Kent, 256 _n._; counsel in M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 284; and in Cohens _vs._ Virginia, 357; on importance of Supreme Court, 369 _n._; on Oakley, 424; counsel in Gibbons _vs._ Ogden, 424, 427; and in Brown _vs._ Maryland, 455; and in Cherokee Nation _vs._ Georgia, 541, 544, 547; and in Worcester _vs._ Georgia, 549. Wolcott, Alexander, and Justiceship, =4=, 110. Wolcott, Oliver [1], on Giles, =2=, 84 _n._ Wolcott, Oliver [2], on support of new government (1791), =2=, 61 _n._, 148; on French Revolution, 92; on M. and new French mission, 433; on M.'s reply to Adams's address (1799), 434; on M.'s position in Congress, 436, 437; underhand opposition to Adams, 488 _n._, 493, 517 _n._; _Aurora_ on, 491; on M. as Secretary of State, 492, 493; on Federalist defeat in M.'s district, 515; on Republican influence over Adams, 518; and Hamilton's attack on Adams, 527 _n._; and M. and Jefferson-Burr contest, 536; banquet to, 548; on enlargement of Federal Judiciary, 548; appointment as Circuit Judge, 559, 560; on Washington (1800), =3=, 4, 8, 8 _n._; on Jefferson and popularity, 19 _n._; on M.'s biography of Washington, 233. Women, education in colonial Virginia, =1=, 18 _n._, 24 _n._; M.'s attitude, 198, =4=, 71, 72. Wood, John, attacks on Federalists, =2=, 379, 409; book suppressed by Burr, 380 _n._; character, =3=, 316 _n._ Woodbridge, Dudley, testimony in Burr trial, =3=, 489. Woodbury, Levi, hears Dartmouth College case, =4=, 234. Woodford, William, battle of Great Bridge, =1=, 76; in battle of Germantown, 103. Woodward, William H., and Dartmouth College case, =4=, 233, 239 _n._, 273. Woodworth, John, opinion on Livingston steamboat monopoly, =4=, 449. Worcester, Samuel A., arrest by Georgia, =4=, 547; pardoned, 552 _n._ _See also_ Cherokee Indians. Worcester, Mass., and Ratification, =1=, 341. Worcester _vs._ Georgia. _See_ Cherokee Indians. Workman, James, and Burr, =3=, 295; and Wilkinson's reign of terror, 335. Wright, John C., counsel in Osborn _vs._ Bank, =4=, 385. Wright, Robert, at Chase trial, =3=, 183 _n._; on Yazoo claims, 600. Wylly, Thomas, and Yazoo lands act, =3=, 546, 547. Wythe, George, M. attends law lectures, =1=, 154; as professor, 157; as judge, 173; candidacy for Ratification Convention, 359; in the Convention: Chairman, 368; appearance, 373; and recommendatory amendments, 469; and Judiciary Act of, 1789, =3=, 129; Commonwealth _vs._ Caton, 611. X. Y. Z. Mission, M.'s financial reason for accepting, =2=, 211-13, 371-73; _Aurora_ on M.'s appointment, 218, 219; M. in Philadelphia awaiting voyage, 214-18; Adams on M.'s fitness, 218; M.'s outward voyage, 219-21, 229; as turning point in M.'s career, 221; task, 221; French depredations on neutral trade, 223-25; Pinckney not received as Minister, 224; Adams's address to Congress, French demand for withdrawal, 225, 226, 255, 262, 316; wisdom of appointment, 226; selection of envoys, Gerry, 226-29; envoys at The Hague, Gerry's delay, 230, 231; influence of 18th Fructidor, 244; Washington on expectations, 244; journey to Paris, 245; M.'s pessimistic view of prospects, 246; venality of French Government, 247-49; and victims of French depredations, 249; Talleyrand's opinion of United States, 250; Talleyrand's position and need of money, 251; Gerry's arrival, 251; Talleyrand's informal reception, meeting visualized, 251, 253; Talleyrand's measure of the envoys, 252; Talleyrand and King's conciliatory letter, 252, 253; Church's hint, 254; Paine's interference, 254; American instructions, 255; origin of name, 256, 339; depredations continue, protests of envoys, 257, 258, 270, 271-277, 283, 284, 310, 313, 331; Gerry's opposition to action, 258; Federalist opinions of Gerry, 258 _n._, 295, 296, 363-65; first unofficial agent's proposal of loan and bribe, 259-61; division of envoys on unofficial negotiations and bribe, 260, 261, 264, 314-17; second unofficial agent, 261; other French demands, 262; further urging of loan and bribe, 263, 265-67, 273-76, 291, 313, 314, 315, 317, 318; proposed return for instructions, 265; and British-American and British-French relations, 271, 283, 295, 312, 321, 322; and treaty of Campo Formio, 271-73; third unofficial agent, 276; intrigue and private conferences with Gerry, 276-78, 287, 294, 295, 310, 311, 313, 333; intimidation, 278, 311; threat of overthrowing Federalists, 278-81, 283, 286, 311; decision against further unofficial negotiations, 281; threat to asperse envoys in United States, 281, 312, 318-20, 327; division on addressing Talleyrand directly, 282; newspaper calumny, 282, 331; Talleyrand's refusal to receive envoys, 284; female agent to work on Pinckney, 290; attempt to use debt to Beaumarchais, 292-94; desire of M. and Pinckney to terminate, demand for passports, 296, 309, 310, 314, 326, 327, 331, 332; preparation of American memorial, 296, 297; its importance, 297; its contents, 297-309; necessity of American neutrality, 298-301; review of Genêt's conduct, 301-03; free ships, free goods, and Jay Treaty, 303-05; defense of Jay Treaty, 305-08; memorial ignored, 310; French plan to retain Gerry, 312, 315, 317, 320, 323, 324, 326, 331; meetings with Talleyrand, 315, 317; dissension, 316, 328; M.'s assertion of purely American attitude, 319; M. on loan as ultimatum, 321; Talleyrand's reply to memorial, 323-26; complaint against American newspaper attacks, 324; insult to M. and Pinckney, 325, 332; American rejoinder, 326, 328-31; Gerry stays, 327, 328, 333, 363; reply on complaint about newspapers, 329-31; departure of M. and Pinckney, 332; M.'s farewell to friends, 333; Pinckney on Gerry and M., 333, 365; conditions in United States during, 335; French reports in United States, 335; arrival of first dispatches, Adams's warning to Congress, 336; Republican demand for dispatches, 336-38; effect of publication, war spirit, Republican about face, 338-43, 363; M.'s return and reception, 343-55; Jefferson's call on M., 346, 347; origin of "millions for defense" slogan, 348; M.'s addresses on, 350, 352, 353, 571-73; Adams's statement of policy, 351; effect on Federalist Party, 355-57, 361; Jefferson's attempt to undo effect, 359-61, 368; effect of dispatches in Europe, 363; Talleyrand's demand on Gerry for the X. Y. Z. names, 364, 366; M.'s fear of Gerry's stay, 365; Adams and M.'s journal, 366; Gerry's defense, M. and question of rejoinder, 367-69; Giles's sneer and Bayard's answer (1802), =3=, 77, 80. Yates, Joseph C., on Livingston steamboat monopoly, =4=, 406. Yazoo lands, Rutledge on (1802), =3=, 88; and Chase impeachment, 174; sale act (1795), graft, 546-50; provisions, 550, 551; popular denunciation of act, 551, 559-62; and Indian titles, 552, 569, 570, 592; earlier grant, 554; character of second companies, 554; and invention of cotton gin, 555, 556; matter before first congresses, 560, 569, 570; repeal of grant, theatricalism, 562-66; Hamilton's opinion on validity of titles, 562, 563; resale, "innocent purchasers" and property rights, 566, 578-80, 586, 588-90, 598; National interest, pamphlets, 570-72; and cession of Georgia's Western claim, 574; report of Federal Commission, 574; claim before Congress, Randolph's opposition, 574-83, 595-602; memorial of New England Mississippi Company, 576; popular support of Randolph, 581; obstacles to judicial inquiry, 583; friendly suit, Fletcher _vs._ Peck before Circuit Court, 583, 584; case before Supreme Court, first hearing, 585; question of collusion, Johnson's separate opinion, 585, 592, 601; second hearing, 585; M.'s opinion, 586-91; legality of grant, effect of corruption, 587, 598, 599; unconstitutionality of repeal, impairment of obligation of contracts, 590, 591; attitude of Administration, 592; importance of opinion, 593-95, 602; congressional denunciation of opinion, 595-601; popular support of denunciation, 599; local influences on settlement, 601; settlement, 602. York, Me., and Ratification, =1=, 341. Young, Daniel, and disestablishment in New Hampshire, =4=, 230 _n._ Zubly, John J., denounced by Chase, =3=, 185 _n._ * * * * * Transcriber's Notes: