The Animal Parasites of Man by Fantham, Braun, Stephens, and Theobald

Class II. TREMATODA (Sucking Worms) 212 III. CESTODA (Tapeworms) 212 Class II. TREMATODA, Rud. 212 Development of the Trematodes 222 Biology 229 CLASSIFICATION OF THE TREMATODES OF MAN. Order. _Digenea_, v. Beneden, 1858 230 Sub-order. _Prostomata_, Odhner, 1905 230 Group. _Amphistomata_, Rudolphi, 1801, ep., Nitzsch, 1819 230 Family. _Paramphistomidæ_, Fischoeder, 1901 231 Sub-family. _Paramphistominæ_, Fischoeder, 1901 231 _Cladorchiinæ_, Fischoeder, 1901 231 Family. _Gastrodisciidæ_, Stiles and Goldberger, 1910 231 Group. _Distomata_, Retzius, 1782 231 Family. _Fasciolidæ_, Railliet, 1895 231 Sub-family. _Fasciolinæ_, Odhner, 1910 231 _Fasciolopsinæ_, Odhner, 1910 231 Family. _Opisthorchiidæ_, Braun, 1901, emend, auctor. 232 Sub-family. _Opisthorchiinæ_, Looss, 1899, emend, auctor. 232 _Metorchiinæ_, Lühe, 1909 232 Family. _Dicrocœliidæ_, Odhner, 1910 232 _Heterophyiidæ_, Odhner, 1914 232 _Troglotremidæ_, Odhner, 1914 232 _Echinostomidæ_, Looss, 1902 233 Sub-family. _Echinostominæ_, Looss, 1899 233 _Himasthlinæ_, Odhner, 1910 233 Family. _Schistosomidæ_, Looss, 1899 233 THE TREMATODES OBSERVED IN MAN 234 Family. _Paramphistomidæ_, Stiles and Goldberger, emend. 1910 234 Sub-family. _Cladorchiinæ_, Fischoeder, 1901 234 Genus. _Watsonius_, Stiles and Goldberger, 1910 234 _Watsonius watsoni_, Stiles and Goldberger, 1910 234 Family. _Gastrodisciidæ_ 236 Genus. _Gastrodiscus_, Lkt., 1877 236 _Gastrodiscus hominis_, Lewis and McConnell, 1876 236 Family. _Fasciolidæ_, Railliet, 1895 237 Sub-family. _Fasciolinæ_, Odhner, 1910 237 Genus. _Fasciola_, L., 1758 237 _Fasciola hepatica_, L., 1758 237 Halzoun 242 _Fasciola gigantica_, Cobbold, 1856 244 Sub-family. _Fasciolopsinæ_, Odhner, 1910 245 Genus. _Fasciolopsis_, Looss, 1898 245 _Fasciolopsis buski_, Lank., 1857 245 _Fasciolopsis rathouisi_, Ward, 1903 246 _Fasciolopsis goddardi_, Ward, 1910 247 _Fasciolopsis fülleborni_, Rodenwaldt, 1909 247 Family. _Troglotremidæ_, Odhner, 1914 249 Genus. _Paragonimus_, Braun, 1899 249 _Paragonimus ringeri_, Cobb., 1880 249 Family. _Opisthorchiidæ_, Braun, 1901 252 Sub-family. _Opisthorchiinæ_, Looss, 1899 252 Genus. _Opisthorchis_, R. Blanch., 1845 252 _Opisthorchis felineus_, Riv., 1885 252 Genus. _Paropisthorchis_, Stephens, 1912 255 _Paropisthorchis caninus_, Barker, 1912 255 Genus. _Amphimerus_, Barker, 1912 (?) 257 _Amphimerus noverca_, Barker, 1912 (?) 258 Genus. _Clonorchis_, Looss, 1907 258 _Clonorchis sinensis_, Cobbold, 1875 258 _Clonorchis endemicus_, Baelz, 1883 259 Sub-family. _Metorchiinæ_, Lühe, 1909 261 Genus. _Metorchis_, Looss, 1899, emend. auctor. 261 _Metorchis truncatus_, Rud., 1819 261 Family. _Heterophyiidæ_, Odhner, 1914 262 Genus. _Heterophyes_, Cobbold, 1866 262 _Heterophyes heterophyes_, v. Sieb., 1852 262 _Metagonimus_, Katsurada, 1913; Yokogawa, Leiper, 1913 264 _Metagonimus yokogawai_, Katsurada, 1913 264 Family. _Dicrocœliidæ_, Odhner, 1910 265 Genus. _Dicrocœlium_, Dujardin 265 _Dicrocœlium dendriticum_, Rud., 1819 266 Family. _Echinostomidæ_, Looss, 1902 267 Sub-family. _Echinostominæ_, Looss, 1899 267 Genus. _Echinostoma_, Rud., 1809; Dietz, 1910 267 _Echinostoma ilocanum_, Garrison, 1908 267 _Echinostoma malayanum_, Leiper, 1911 268 Sub-family. _Himasthlinæ_, Odhner, 1910 269 Genus. _Artyfechinostomum_, Clayton-Lane, 1915 269 _Artyfechinostomum sufrartyfex_, Clayton-Lane, 1915 269 Family. _Schistosomidæ_, Looss, 1899 269 Genus. _Schistosoma_, Weinl., 1858 269 _Schistosoma hæmatobium_, Bilharz, 1852 270 _Schistosoma mansoni_, Sambon, 1907 277 _Schistosoma japonicum_, Katsurada, 1904 277 Class III. CESTODA, Rud., 1808 282 Anatomy of the Cestoda 284 Development of the Tapeworms 297 Biology 306 CLASSIFICATION OF THE CESTODA OF MAN. Order. _Pseudophyllidea_, Carus, 1863 308 Family. _Dibothriocephalidæ_, Lühe, 1902 308 Sub-family. _Dibothriocephalinæ_, Lühe, 1899 308 Order. _Cyclophyllidea_, v. Beneden 308 Family. _Dipylidiidæ_, Lühe, 1910 309 _Hymenolepididæ_, Railliet and Henry, 1909 309 _Davaineidæ_, Fuhrmann, 1907 309 Sub-family. _Davaineinæ_, Braun, 1900 309 Family. _Tæniidæ_, Ludwig, 1886 309 THE CESTODES OF MAN 309 Family. _Dibothriocephalidæ_ 309 Sub-family. _Dibothriocephalinæ_ 309 Genus. _Dibothriocephalus_, Lühe, 1899 309 _Dibothriocephalus latus_, L., 1748 310 _Dibothriocephalus cordatus_, R. Lkt., 1863 315 _Dibothriocephalus parvus_, Stephens, 1908 316 Genus. _Diplogonoporus_, Lönnbrg., 1892 316 _Diplogonoporus grandis_, R. Blanch., 1894 316 _Sparganum_, Diesing, 1854 317 _Sparganum mansoni_, Cobb., 1883 317 _Sparganum proliferum_, Ijima, 1905 318 Family. _Dipylidiidæ_, Lühe, 1910 320 Genus. _Dipylidium_, R. Lkt., 1863 320 _Dipylidium caninum_, L. 1758 320 Family. _Hymenolepididæ_, Railliet and Henry, 1909 323 Genus. _Hymenolepis_, Weinland, 1858 323 _Hymenolepis nana_, v. Sieb., 1852 323 _Hymenolepis diminuta_, Rud., 1819 326 _Hymenolepis lanceolata_, Bloch, 1782 328 Family. _Davaineidæ_, Fuhrmann, 1907 329 Sub-family. _Davaineinæ_, Braun, 1900 329 Genus. _Davainea_, R. Blanch., 1891 329 _Davainea madagascariensis_, Davaine, 1869 329 _Davainea_ (?) _asiatica_, v. Linst., 1901 330 Family. _Tæniidæ_, Ludwig, 1886 331 Genus. _Tænia_, L., 1758 331 _Tænia solium_, L., _p. p._, 1767 331 _Cysticercus acanthotrias_, Weinland, 1858 336 _Tænia bremneri_, Stephens, 1908 337 _Tænia marginata_, Batsch., 1786 338 _Tænia serrata_, Goeze, 1782 338 _Tænia crassicollis_, Rud., 1810 338 _Tænia saginata_, Goeze, 1782 338 _Tænia africana_, v. Linst., 1900 342 _Tænia confusa_, Ward, 1896 343 _Tænia echinococcus_, v. Sieb., 1853 344 Structure and Development of Echinococcus(Hydatid) 347 _Echinococcus multilocularis_ (Alveolar Colloid) 356 Serum Diagnosis of Echinococcus 359 *C. Nemathelminthes* 360 Class. NEMATODA 360 Anatomy of the Nematodes 360 Development of the Nematodes 371 CLASSIFICATION OF THE NEMATODA. Family. _Anguillulidæ_, Gervais and van Beneden, 1859 374 _Angiostomidæ_, Braun, 1895 374 _Gnathostomidæ_ 374 _Dracunculidæ_, Leiper, 1912 374 _Filariidæ_, Claus, 1885 374 _Trichinellidæ_, Stiles and Crane, 1910 375 _Dioctophymidæ_ 375 _Strongylidæ_, Cobbold, 1864 375 _Physalopteridæ_ 375 _Ascaridæ_, Cobbold, 1864 375 _Oxyuridæ_ 375 THE NEMATODES OBSERVED IN MAN 376 Family. _Anguillulidæ_ 377 Genus. _Rhabditis_, Dujardin, 1845 377 _Rhabditis pellio_, Schneider, 1866 377 _Rhabditis niellyi_, Blanchard, 1885 378 _Rhabditis_, sp. 378 Genus. _Anguillula_, Ehrenberg, 1826 379 _Anguillula aceti_, Müller, 1783 379 Genus. _Anguillulina_, Gervais and Beneden, 1859 379 _Anguillulina putrefaciens_, Kühn, 1879 379 Family. _Angiostomidæ_, Braun, 1895 379 Genus. _Strongyloides_, Grassi, 1879 379 _Strongyloides stercoralis_, Bavay, 1877 380 Family. _Gnathostomidæ_ 384 Genus. _Gnathostoma_, Owen, 1836 384 _Gnathostoma siamense_, Levinson, 1889 384 _Gnathostoma spinigerum_, Owen, 1836 385 Family. _Dracunculidæ_, Leiper, 1912 385 Genus. _Dracunculus_, Kniphoff, 1759 385 _Dracunculus medinensis_, Velsch, 1674 386 Genus (of _Crustacea_). _Cyclops_, Müller, 1776 390 Family. _Filariidæ_ 390 Sub-family. _Filariinæ_ 390 Genus. _Filaria_, O. Fr. Müller, 1787 390 _Filaria bancrofti_, Cobbold, 1877 390 _Filaria demarquayi_, Manson, 1895 403 _Filaria taniguchi_, Penel, 1905 404 _Filaria_ (?) _conjunctivæ_, Addario, 1885 404 Group. _Agamofilaria_, Stiles, 1906 406 _Agamofilaria georgiana_ 406 _Agamofilaria palpebralis_, Pace, 1867 (_nec_ Wilson, 1844) 406 _Agamofilaria oculi humani_, v. Nordmann, 1832 406 _Agamofilaria labialis_, Pane, 1864 407 _Filaria (?) romanorum-orientalis_, Sarcani, 1888 407 _Filaria (?) kilimaræ_, Kolb, 1898 407 _Filaria_ (?) sp. ? 407 Genus. _Setaria_, Viborg, 1795 407 _Setaria equina_, Abildg., 1789 408 Genus. _Loa_, Stiles, 1905 409 _Loa loa_, Guyot, 1778 409 Genus. _Acanthocheilonema_, Cobbold, 1870 414 _Acanthocheilonema perstans_, Manson, 1891 414 Genus. _Dirofilaria_, Railliet and Henry, 1911 416 _Dirofilaria magalhãesi_, R. Blanchard, 1895 417 Sub-family. _Onchocercinæ_, Leiper, 1911 417 Genus. _Onchocerca_, Diesing, 1841 417 _Onchocerca volvulus_, R. Leuckart, 1893 417 Family. _Trichinellidæ_, Stiles and Crane, 1910 419 Sub-family. _Trichurinæ_, Ransom, 1911 419 Genus. _Trichuris_, Röderer and Wagler, 1761 419 _Trichuris trichiura_, Linnæus, 1761 419 Sub-family. _Trichinellinæ_, Ransom, 1911 421 Genus. _Trichinella_, Railliet, 1895 421 _Trichinella spiralis_, Owen, 1835 421 History of the Development of _Trichinella spiralis_ 423 Family. _Dioctophymidæ_ 431 Genus. _Dioctophyme_, Collet-Megret, 1802 431 _Dioctophyme gigas_, Rudolphi, 1802 431 Family. _Strongylidæ_ 432 Sub-family. _Metastrongylinæ_, Leiper, 1908 432 Genus. _Metastrongylus_, Molin, 1861 432 _Metastrongylus apri_, Gmelin, 1789 432 Sub-family. _Trichostrongylinæ_, Leiper, 1908 433 Genus. _Trichostrongylus_, Looss, 1905 434 _Trichostrongylus instabilis_, Railliet, 1893 434 _Trichostrongylus probolurus_, Railliet, 1896 435 _Trichostrongylus vitrinus_, _Looss_, 1905 435 Genus. _Hæmonchus_, Cobb., 1898 436 _Hæmonchus contortus_, Rudolphi, 1803; Cobb., 1898 436 Genus. _Nematodirus_, Ransom, 1907, emend. Railliet, 1912 438 Sub-genus. _Mecistocirrus_, Railliet, 1912 438 _Mecistocirrus fordi_, Daniels, 1908 438 Sub-family. _Ancylostominæ_, Railliet, 1909 438 Group. _Œsophagostomeæ_, Railliet and Henry, 1909 439 Genus. _Ternidens_, Railliet, 1909 439 _Ternidens deminutus_, Railliet and Henry, 1905 440 Genus. _Œsophagostomum_, Molin, 1861 441 _Œsophagostomum brumpti_, Railliet and Henry, 1905 441 _Œsophagostomum stephanostomum_ var. _thomasi_, Railliet and Henry, 1909 443 _Œsophagostomum apiostomum_, Willach, 1891 444 Group. _Ancylostomeæ_, Railliet and Henry, 1909 445 Genus. _Ancylostoma_, Dubini, 1843, emend. Looss, 1905 445 _Ancylostoma duodenale_, Dubini, 1843 445 _Ancylostoma ceylanicum_, Looss, 1911 456 _Ancylostoma braziliense_, Gomez de Faria, 1910 456 Group. _Bunostomeæ_, Railliet and Henry, 1909 456 Genus. _Necator,_ Stiles, 1903 457 _Necator americanus_, Stiles, 1902 457 _Necator exilidens_, Cummins, 1912 459 Ancylostomiasis 459 Group. _Syngameæ_, Railliet and Henry, 1909 459 Genus. _Syngamus,_ von Siebold, 1836 459 _Syngamus kingi_, Leiper, 1913 459 Family. _Physalopteridæ_ 460 Genus. _Physaloptera_, Rudolphi, 1819 460 _Physaloptera caucasica_, v. Linstow, 1902 461 _Physaloptera mordens_, Leiper, 1907 461 Family. _Ascaridæ_, Cobbold, 1864 461 Sub-family. _Ascarinæ_ 461 Genus. _Ascaris_, L., 1758 461 _Ascaris lumbricoides_, L., 1758 463 _Ascaris_ sp. 465 _Ascaris texana_, Smith et Goeth, 1914 465 _Ascaris maritima_, Leuckart, 1876 465 Genus. _Toxascaris_, Leiper, 1907 465 _Toxascaris limbata_, Railliet and Henry, 1911 466 Genus. _Belascaris_, Leiper, 1907 466 _Belascaris cati_, Schrank, 1788 466 _Belascaris marginata_, Rudolphi, 1802 466 Genus. _Lagocheilascaris_, Leiper, 1909 466 _Lagocheilascaris minor_, Leiper, 1909 467 Family. _Oxyuridæ_ 467 Genus. _Oxyuris_, Rudolphi, 1803 467 _Oxyuris vermicularis_, Linnæus, 1767 467 Family. _Mermithidæ_ 469 Genus. _Mermis_, Dujardin, 1845 469 _Mermis hominis oris_, Leidy, 1850 469 _Agamomermis_, Stiles, 1903 470 _Agamomermis restiformis_, Leidy, 1880 470 TECHNIQUE 471 *D. Acanthocephala*, Rud 475 _Echinorhynchus gigas_, Goeze, 1782 477 _Echinorhynchus hominis_, Lambl, 1859 478 _Echinorhynchus moniliformis_, Bremser, 1819 478 *E. Gordiidæ* 479 *F. Hirudinea s. Discophora* (Leech) 480 Family. _Gnathobdellidæ_ (Leeches with Jaws) 481 Genus. _Hirudo_, L., 1758 481 _Hirudo medicinalis_, L., 1758 481 _Hirudo troctina,_ Johnston, 1816 482 Genus. _Limnatis_, Moq.-Tandon, 1826 482 _Limnatis nilotica_, Savigny, 1820 482 Genus. _Hæmadipsa_, Tennent, 1861 482 Family. _Rhynchobdellidæ_ (Leeches with Rostrum) 482 Genus. _Hæmentaria_, de Filippi, 1849 482 _Hæmentaria officinalis_, de Filippi 482 Genus. _Placobdella_, R. Blanchard 482 _Placobdella catenigera_, Moq.-Tandon 482 *G. Arthropoda* (Jointed-limbed Animals) 483 _A._ ARACHNOIDEA (Spiders, Mites, etc.) 483 Order. _Acarina_ (Mites) 484 Family. _Trombidiidæ_ (Running Mites) 485 Genus. _Trombidium_, Latreille (and Leptus) 485 _Leptus autumnalis,_ Shaw, 1790 485 _Trombidium tlalsahuate_, Lemaire, 1867 486 _Akamushi_ or _Kedani_ 487 Family. _Tetranychidæ_ (Spinning Mites) 488 Genus. _Tetranychus_, Dufour 488 _Tetranychus molestissimus_, Weyenbergh, 1886 488 _Tetranychus telarius_, L., 1758, var. russeolus, Koch 488 Family. _Tarsonemidæ_ 488 Genus. _Pediculoides_ 489 _Pediculoides ventricosus_, Newport, 1850 489 Genus. _Nephrophages_ 490 _Nephrophages sanguinarius_, Miyake and Scriba, 1893 490 Family. _Eupodidæ_ 491 Genus. _Tydeus,_ Koch 491 _Tydeus molestus_, Moniez, 1889 491 Family. _Gamasidæ_ (Coleopterous or Insect Mites) 491 Genus. _Dermanyssus_, Dugès 492 _Dermanyssus gallinæ_, de Geer, 1778 492 _Dermanyssus hirundinis_, Hermann, 1804 492 Genus. _Holothyrus_ 493 _Holothyrus coccinella_, Gervais, 1842 493 Family. _Ixodidæ_ (Ticks) 493 Classification of _Ixodidæ_ 496 Synopsis of Genera 496 Genus. _Ixodes_, Latreille 497 _Ixodes reduvius,_ L., 1758 497 _Ixodes holocyclus_, Neumann, 1899 499 _Ixodes hexagonus_, Leach, 1815 500 Genus. _Amblyomma_, Koch 500 _Amblyomma cayennense_, Koch, 1844 500 _Amblyomma americana_, Linnæus 501 _Amblyomma maculatum_, Koch 501 Genus. _Hyalomma_, Koch 501 _Hyalomma ægyptium_, L., 1758 501 Genus. _Hæmaphysalis_, Koch 502 _Hæmaphysalis punctata_, Canestrini and Fanzago, 1877–1878 502 Genus. _Dermacentor_, Koch 502 _Dermacentor reticulatus_, Fabricius, 1794 502 _Dermacentor venustus_, Banks 503 _Dermacentor occidentalis_, Neumann 504 _Dermacentor variabilis_, Say 505 Genus. _Margaropus_, Karsch 505 _Margaropus annulatus australis_, Fuller 505 _Margaropus microplus_, Canestrini 505 Genus. _Rhipicephalus_, Koch 505 _Rhipicephalus sanguineus_, Latreille, 1804 505 Neumann’s Table of Species of _Argas_ 505 Genus. _Argas_, Latreille 506 _Argas reflexus_, Fabricius, 1794 506 _Argas persicus_, Fischer de Waldheim, 1824 506 _Argas brumpti_, Neumann 507 _Argas chinche_, Gervais, 1844 508 Genus. _Ornithodorus_, Koch 508 _Ornithodorus moubata_, Murray, 1877 508 _Ornithodorus savignyi_, Audouin, 1827 509 _Ornithodorus coriaceus_, Koch 509 _Ornithodorus talaje_, Guerin, 1849 509 _Ornithodorus turicata_, Dugès, 1876 509 _Ornithodorus tholozani_, Laboulbène and Mégnin, 1882 510 _Ornithodorus mégnini, Dugès_, 1883 510 Family. _Tyroglyphidæ_ 511 Sub-family. _Tyroglyphinæ_ 511 Genus. _Aleurobius_, Canestrini 511 _Aleurobius (Tyroglyphus) farinæ_, de Geer (part), Koch 511 Genus. _Tyroglyphus_, Latreille 511 _Tyroglyphus siro_, L., 1756 511 _Tyroglyphus longior_, Gervais, 1844 512 _Tyroglyphus minor_ var. _castellani_, Hirst 513 Genus. _Glyciphagus_, Hering, 1838 513 _Glyciphagus prunorum_, Hering, and _G. domesticus_, de Geer 513 _Glyciphagus cursor_, Gervais 513 _Glyciphagus buski_, Murray 513 Genus. _Rhizoglyphus_, Claparède, 1869 514 _Rhizoglyphus parasiticus_, Dalgetty, 1901 514 Genus. _Histiogaster_, Berlese, 1883 515 _Histiogaster_ (_entomophagus_ ?) _spermaticus_, Trouessart, 1900 515 Genus. _Cheyletus_ 516 _Cheyletus mericourti_, Lab. 516 Family. _Sarcoptidæ_ (Itch Mites) 516 Sub-family. _Sarcoptinæ_ 518 Genus. _Sarcoptes_, Latreille 518 _Sarcoptes scabiei_, de Geer, 1778 518 _Sarcoptes minor_, Fürstenberg, 1861 520 Family. _Demodicidæ_ (Mites of the Hair-follicles) 522 Genus. _Demodex_, Owen 522 _Demodex folliculorum_, Simon, 1842 522 Order. _Pentastomida_ 523 Family. _Linguatulidæ_ 523 Genus. _Linguatula_, Fröhlich_ 524 _Linguatula rhinaria_, Pilger, 1802 524 Genus. _Porocephalus_ 526 _Porocephalus constrictus_, v. Siebold, 1852 526 _B._ INSECTA (_Hexapoda_) 529 CLASSIFICATION OF THE HEXAPODA. (1) _Aptera_ 531 (2) _Neuroptera_ 531 (3) _Orthoptera_ 531 (4) _Thysanoptera_ 531 (5) _Hemiptera_ 531 (6) _Diptera_ 532 (7) _Lepidoptera_ 532 (8) _Hymenoptera_ 532 (9) _Coleoptera_ 532 Order. _Rhyncota_ 532 (_a_) _Rhyncota aptera parasitica_ 532 Family. _Pediculidæ_ (Lice) 532 Genus. _Pediculus_, Linnæus 532 _Pediculus capitis_, de Geer, 1778 532 _Pediculus vestimenti_, Nitzsch, 1818 533 Genus. _Phthirius_, Leach 534 _Phthirius inguinalis_, Redi, 1668 534 (_b_) _Rhyncota hemiptera_ 534 Family. _Acanthiadæ_ 534 Genus. _Cimex_ , Linnæus 534 _Cimex lectularius_ , Linnæus 534 _Cimex rotundatus_, Signoret, 1852 536 _Cimex columbarius_, Jenyns 536 _Cimex ciliatus_, Eversmann, 1841 537 Family. _Reduviidæ_ 537 Genus. _Conorhinus_, Lap. 537 _Conorhinus megistus_, Burm. 537 _Conorhinus sanguisuga_, Lec. (Blood-sucking Cone-nose) 537 _Conorhinus, sp. novum_ (Monster Bug) 538 _Conorhinus rubrofasciatus_, de Geer (Malay Bug) 538 _Conorhinus renggeri_, Herr-Schäff (Great Black Bug of Pampas) 539 _Conorhinus variegatus_ (Variegated Cone-nose) 539 _Conorhinus nigrovarius_ 539 _Conorhinus protractus_ 539 Genus. _Reduvius_, etc. 539 _Reduvius personatus_, Linné 539 _Coriscus subcoleoptratus_, Kirby, 1837 540 _Rasahus biguttatus_, Say, 1831 540 _Melanolestes morio_, Erichson, 1848 (non-Walker) 540 _Melanolestes abdominalis_, Herrich-Schäffer, 1848 540 _Phonergates bicoloripes_ 541 Family. _Aradidæ_ 541 _Dysodius lunatus_, Fabr. (Pito Bug) 541 The Ochindundu 541 Family. _Lygæidæ_ 541 _Lyctocoris campestris_, Fabricius 541 _Rhodinus prolixus_, Stål, 1859 541 Order. _Orthoptera_ 542 Locusts Injurious to Man 542 Order. _Coleoptera_ 542 _Silvanus surinamensis_, Linnæus (Saw-toothed Grain Beetle) 542 Order. _Diptera_ 543 _Aphaniptera_ or _Siphonaptera_ (Fleas) 543 Family. _Sarcopsyllidæ_ (Jiggers) 543 Genus. _Dermatophilus_, Guérin 544 _Dermatophilus cæcata_, Enderl. 544 _Dermatophilus penetrans_, L., 1758 (Jigger, Chigoe) 544 Genus. _Echidnophaga_, Olliff 544 _Echidnophaga gallinacea_, Westwood (Chigoe of Fowls) 544 Family. _Pulicidæ_ (True Fleas) 545 Genus. _Pulex_, Linn. 545 _Pulex irritans_, L., 1758 545 Genus. _Xenopsylla_, Glink 546 _Xenopsylla cheopis_, Rothschild 546 _Xenopsylla brasiliensis_, Baker 547 Genus. _Ctenocephalus_, Kolenati 547 Genus. _Hoplopsyllus_, Baker 547 _Hoplopsyllus anomalus_, Baker 547 Genus. _Ceratophyllus_, Centis 547 _Ceratophyllus fasciatus_, Bosc 547 Genus. _Ctenopsylla_, Kolenati 548 Genus. _Hystrichopsylla_, Taschenberg 548 _Pulex pallipes_ 548 SYSTEMATIC ANATOMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL REMARKS ON MOSQUITOES 548 CULICIDÆ OR MOSQUITOES 555 _The Classification of Culicidæ_ 561 _Notes on the Different Genera_ 566 Sub-family. _Anophelina_ 566 Genus. _Anopheles_, Meigen 566 Genus. _Myzomyia_, Blanchard; _Grassia_, Theobald 567 Genus. _Neomyzomyia_, Theobald 567 Genus. _Cycloleppteron_, Theobald 567 Genus. _Feltinella_, Theobald 567 Genus. _Stethomyia_, Theobald 567 Genus. _Pyretophorus_, Blanchard; _Howardia_, Theobald 567 Genus. _Myzorhynchella_, Theobald 568 Genus. _Manguinhosia_, Cruz (in Peryassu) 568 Genus. _Chrystya_, Theobald 568 Genus. _Lophoscelomyia_, Theobald 568 Genus. _Arribalzagia_, Theobald 568 Genus. _Myzorhynchus_, Blanchard; _Rossia_, Theobald 568 Genus. _Nyssorhynchus_, Blanchard; _Laverania_, Theobald 569 Genus. _Cellia_, Theobald 569 Genus. _Neocellia_, Theobald 569 Genus. _Kertészia_, Theobald 569 Genus. _Manguinhosia_, Cruz 569 Genus. _Chagasia_, Cruz 570 Genus. _Calvertina_, Ludlow 570 Genus. _Birónella_, Theobald 570 Sub-family. _Megarhininæ_ 570 Genus. _Megarhinus_, Robineau Desvoidy 570 Genus. _Toxorhynchites_, Theobald 570 Sub-family. _Culicinæ_ 571 Genus. _Mucidus_, Theobald 571 Genus. _Psorophora_, Robineau Desvoidy 571 Genus. _Janthinosoma_, Arribalzaga 571 Genus. _Stegomyia_, Theobald 571 _Stegomyia fasciata_, Fabricius (Yellow Fever Mosquito) 574 _Stegomyia scutellaris_, Walker 575 Genus. _Theobaldia_, Neveu-Lemaire 575 _Theobaldinella_, Blanchard 575 _Theobaldia annulata_, Meigen 575 Genus. _Culex_, Linnæus 575 Genus. _Melanoconion_, Theobald 576 Genus. _Grabhamia_, Theobald 576 Genus. _Pseudotæniorhynchus_, Theobald; _Tæniorhynchus_, Theobald, non-Arribalzaga 576 Genus. _Tæniorhynchus_, Arribalzaga; _Mansonia_, Blanchard; _Panoplites_, Theobald 577 Genus. _Chrysoconops_, Goeldi 577 _Other Nematocera_ 577 Family. _Simulidæ_ 577 Family. _Chironomidæ_ (Midges) 579 Sub-family. _Ceratopogoninæ_ 580 Family. _Psychodidæ_ (Owl Midges) 581 _Brachycera_ (Flies) 582 Family. _Phoridæ_ 582 _Aphiochæta ferruginea_, Brun 583 _Phora rufipes_, Meig. 583 Family. _Sepsidæ_ 583 _Piophila casei_, L. 583 Family. _Syrphidæ_ (Hover and Drone Flies) 583 Family. _Drosophilidæ_ 584 _Drosophila melanogaster_, Br. 584 Family. _Muscidæ_ 584 _Teichomyza fusca_, Macq. 584 _Homalomyia canicularis_, L., etc. 584 _Homalomyia scalaris_, Fabr. 585 _Anthomyra desjardensii_, Macq. 585 _Hydrotæa meteorica_, L. 585 _Cyrtoneura stabulans_ 585 _Musca domestica_, Linn. (Common House-fly) 585 Genus. _Chrysomyia_, Rob. Desv. 587 _Chrysomyia_ (_Compsomyia_) _macellaria_, Fabr.; _Lucilia macellaria_, Fabr. 587 _Chrysomyia viridula_, Rob. Desv. 588 Genus. _Lucilia_, Rob. Desv. 588 _Lucilia nobilis_, Meig. 588 Genus. _Pycnosoma_, Brauer and v. Bergenstamm 588 Genus. _Sarcophaga_, Mg. 589 _Sarcophaga carnaria_, L., 1758 589 _Sarcophaga magnifica_, Schiner, 1862 589 _Sarcophaga chrysotoma_, Wied 590 _Sarcophaga plinthopyga_, Wied 590 _Ochromyia anthropophaga_, E. Blanch.; _Cordylobia arthrophaga_,Grünberg 590 _Auchmeromyia_ (_Bengalia_) _depressa_ (Walker) 591 Genus. _Cordylobia_, Grünberg, 1903 591 _Cordylobia grünbergi_, Dönitz 591 _Cordylobia anthropophaga_, Grünberg 592 _Lund’s Larva_ 593 _Auchmeromyia luteola_, Fabricius 593 Family. _Oestridæ_ 594 _Cutaneous Oestridæ_ 595 Genus. _Hypoderma_, Latreille 595 _Hypoderma bovis_, de Geer 595 _Hypoderma lineata_, de Villers 596 _Hypoderma diana_, Brauer 596 Genus. _Dermatobia_, Brauer 596 _Dermatobia cyaniventris_, Macq. 596 _Cavicolous Oestridæ_ 598 Genus. _Oestrus_, Linnæus 598 _Oestrus_ (_Cephalomyia_) _ovis_, L. 598 _Gastricolous Oestridæ_ 599 Genus. _Gastrophilus_, Leach 599 _Biting-mouthed and other Noxious Diptera which may be Disease Carriers_ 600 Family. _Tabanidæ_ (Gad Flies) 600 Family. _Asilidæ_ (Wolf Flies) 602 Family. _Leptidæ_ 603 _Blood-sucking Muscidæ_ 603 Genus. _Glossina_, Westwood 603 _Glossina palpalis_, Rob. Desv. 607 _Glossina morsitans_, Westwood 608 Genus. _Stomoxys_, Geoffroy 609 Genus. _Lyperosia_, Rondani 610 _Pupipara_ or _Eproboscidæ_ 611 _Insects and Epidemic Poliomyelitis_ 612 ADDENDA 613 Akamushi or Kedani Sickness 613 Ticks.--African Tick Fever 613 Tick Paralysis 613 _Diptera._--_Psychodidæ_ 613 _Pulicidæ._--_Dermatophilus_ (_Sarcopsylla_) _penetrans_, or the “Jigger” 613 _Brachycera._--_Leptidæ_ 613 Myiasis 615 Auricular Myiasis 615 Body, Head, and Clothes Lice 615 SUPPLEMENT: CLINICAL AND THERAPEUTICAL NOTES 617 *Protozoa* 617