The Natural History of Pliny, Volume 6 (of 6) by the Elder Pliny
13. Coins of gold. At what periods copper, gold, and silver,
were first impressed. How copper was used before gold
and silver were coined. What was the largest sum of money
possessed by any one at the time of our first census. How
often, and at what periods, the value of copper and of
coined money has been changed 88
Chapters
- Chapter 1 Ch.1
- BOOK XXXII. Ch.2
- 1. The power of Nature as manifested in antipathies. The Ch.3
- 8. Places where fish recognize the human voice. Oracular Ch.4
- 10. When sea-fish were first eaten by the people of Rome. The Ch.5
- 12. The antipathies and sympathies which exist between certain Ch.6
- 13. Amphibious animals. Castoreum: sixty-six remedies and Ch.7
- 15. Remedies derived from the aquatic animals, classified Ch.8
- 16. Remedies for poisons, and for noxious spells. The dorade: Ch.9
- 17. Remedies for the stings of serpents, for the bites of dogs, Ch.10
- 18. The sea-frog: six remedies. The river-frog: fifty-two Ch.11
- 19. The enhydris: six remedies. The river-crab: fourteen remedies. Ch.12
- 20. The sea-calf: ten remedies. The muræna: one remedy. The Ch.13
- 21. The various kinds of oysters: fifty-eight remedies and Ch.14
- 23. Remedies for alopecy, change of colour in the hair, and Ch.15
- 24. Remedies for diseases of the eyes and eyelids. Two remedies Ch.16
- 25. Remedies for diseases of the ears. The batia: one remedy. Ch.17
- 26. Remedies for tooth-ache. The dog-fish: four remedies. Ch.18
- 27. Remedies for lichens, and for spots upon the face. The Ch.19
- 28. Remedies for scrofula, imposthumes of the parotid glands, Ch.20
- 30. Remedies for pains in the liver and side. The elongated Ch.21
- 31. Remedies for diseases of the bowels. Sea-wort: one remedy Ch.22
- 32. Remedies for diseases of the spleen, for urinary calculi, Ch.23
- 33. Remedies for intestinal hernia, and for diseases of the Ch.24
- 34. Remedies for inflamed tumours, and for diseases of the Ch.25
- 35. Remedies for incontinence of urine. The ophidion: one Ch.26
- 36. Remedies for gout, and for pains in the feet. The beaver: Ch.27
- 38. Remedies for fevers. The fish called asellus: one remedy. Ch.28
- 42. Methods of arresting hæmorrhage and of letting blood. The Ch.29
- 45. Remedies for warts, and for malformed nails. The glanis: Ch.30
- 46. Remedies for female diseases. The glauciscus: one Ch.31
- 49. Methods of preventing intoxication. The fish called rubellio: Ch.32
- 50. Antaphrodisiacs and aphrodisiacs. The hippopotamus: one Ch.33
- 52. Other aquatic productions. Adarca or calamochnos: three Ch.34
- 53. The names of all the animals that exist in the sea, one Ch.35
- BOOK XXXIII. Ch.36
- 13. Coins of gold. At what periods copper, gold, and silver, Ch.37
- 15. The persons who have possessed the greatest quantity of gold Ch.38
- 16. At what period silver first made its appearance upon the arena Ch.39
- 17. At what periods there was the greatest quantity of gold and Ch.40
- 29. The chrysocolla of the goldsmiths, known also as Ch.41
- 30. The marvellous operations of nature in soldering metallic Ch.42
- 36. Minium: for what religious purposes it was used by the Ch.43
- 40. The various kinds of minium. The use made of it in Ch.44
- 44. The different kinds of silver, and the modes of testing Ch.45
- 47. Instances of immense wealth. Persons who have possessed Ch.46
- 48. At what period the Roman people first made voluntary Ch.47
- 50. Instances of the frugality of the ancients in reference Ch.48
- 51. At what period silver was first used as an ornament for Ch.49
- 52. At what period silver chargers of enormous size were first Ch.50
- 55. The most remarkable works in silver, and the names of the Ch.51
- 56. Sil: The persons who first used it in painting and the Ch.52
- BOOK XXXIV. Ch.53
- 9. Which was the first statue of a god made of brass at Rome. Ch.54
- 10. The different kinds and forms of statues. Statues at Rome Ch.55
- 11. In honour of whom public statues were first erected: in Ch.56
- 12. In honour of what foreigners public statues were erected at Ch.57
- 13. The first equestrian statues publicly erected at Rome, and Ch.58
- 14. At what period all the statues erected by private Ch.59
- 16. That there were statuaries in Italy also at an early Ch.60
- 19. An account of the most celebrated works in brass, and of Ch.61
- 20. The different kinds of copper and its combinations. Pyropus. Ch.62
- 23. Fifteen remedies derived from cadmia. Ten medicinal effects Ch.63
- 41. The different kinds of iron, and the mode of tempering Ch.64
- 46. Seventeen remedies derived from the scales of iron. Ch.65
- BOOK XXXV. Ch.66
- 3. When shields were first invented with portraits upon them; Ch.67
- 5. The commencement of the art of painting. Monochrome Ch.68
- 8. At what period foreign paintings were first introduced at Ch.69
- 9. At what period painting was first held in high esteem at Rome, Ch.70
- 12. Pigments other than those of a metallic origin. Artificial Ch.71
- 31. Which colours do not admit of being laid on a wet Ch.72
- 33. At what time combats of gladiators were first painted Ch.73
- 34. The age of painting; with the names of the more celebrated Ch.74
- 38. An effectual way of putting a stop to the singing of Ch.75
- 39. Artists who have painted in eucaustics or wax, with Ch.76
- 40. The first inventors of various kinds of painting. The Ch.77
- 44. Who was the first to mould figures in imitation of the Ch.78
- 47. Various kinds of earth. The Puteolan dust, and other Ch.79
- 50. Sulphur, and the several varieties of it: fourteen Ch.80
- 51. Bitumen, and the several varieties of it: twenty-seven Ch.81
- 52. Alumen, and the several varieties of it: thirty-eight Ch.82
- 56. Chian earth: three remedies. Selinusian earth: three Ch.83
- 57. Cretaceous earths used for scouring cloth. Cimolian earth: Ch.84
- 58. Argentaria. Names of freedmen who have either risen to Ch.85
- 59. The earth of Galata; of Clypea; of the Baleares; and of Ch.86
- BOOK XXXVI. Ch.87
- 4. The first artists who excelled in the sculpture of marble, Ch.88
- 6. Who were the first to cut marble into slabs, and at what Ch.89
- 7. Who was the first to encrust the walls of houses at Rome with Ch.90
- 8. At what period the various kinds of marble came into use at Ch.91
- 9. The method of cutting marble into slabs. The sand used in Ch.92
- 13. Lygdinus; corallitic stone; stone of Alabanda; stone of Ch.93
- 23. The fugitive stone. The seven-fold echo. Buildings erected Ch.94
- 38. Æthiopic hæmatites. Androdamas: two remedies. Arabian Ch.95
- 43. Stones for mortars used for medicinal and other purposes. Ch.96
- 54. The various kinds of sand. The combinations of sand with Ch.97
- 64. At what period mosaic pavements were first invented. At Ch.98
- BOOK XXXVII. Ch.99
- 4. Who were the most skilful lapidaries. The finest specimens Ch.100
- 6. Jewels displayed at Rome in the triumph of Pompeius Ch.101
- 7. At what period murrhine vessels were first introduced at Ch.102
- 10. Luxury displayed in the use of crystal. Remedies derived Ch.103
- 14. The various precious stones, classified according to their Ch.104
- 23. Sardonyx; the several varieties of it. Defects in the Ch.105
- 40. Amethystos: four varieties of it. Socondion. Sapenos. Ch.106
- 54. Achates: the several varieties of it. Acopos: the remedies Ch.107
- 55. Balanites. Batrachitis. Baptes. Beli oculus. Belus. Ch.108
- 56. Cadmitis. Callais. Capnitis. Cappadocia. Callaica. Ch.109
- 58. Encardia or ariste. Enorchis. Exebenus. Erythallis. Ch.110
- 59. Galaxias. Galactitis, leucogæa, leucographitis, or Ch.111
- 60. Heliotropium. Hephæstitis. Hermuaidoion. Hexecontalithos. Ch.112
- 62. Lepidotis. Lesbias. Leucophthalmos. Leucopœcilos. Ch.113
- 63. Memnonia. Media. Meconitis. Mithrax. Morochthos. Ch.114
- 65. Oica. Ombria or notia. Onocardia. Oritis or sideritis. Ch.115
- 66. Panchrus. Pangonus. Paneros or panerastos. Pontica: four Ch.116
- 67. Solis gemma. Sagda. Samothracia. Sauritis. Sarcitis. Ch.117
- 68. Trichrus. Thelyrrhizos. Thelycardios or mule. Thracia: Ch.118
- 71. Precious stones which derive their names from various parts Ch.119
- 72. Precious stones which derive their names from animals. Ch.120
- 73. Precious stones which derive their names from other objects. Ch.121
- 74. Precious stones that suddenly make their appearance. Ch.122
- 77. A comparative view of Nature as she appears in different Ch.123
- BOOK XXXII.[1] Ch.124
- BOOK XXXIII. Ch.125
- BOOK XXXIV. Ch.126
- BOOK XXXV. Ch.127
- BOOK XXXVI. Ch.128
- BOOK XXXVII. Ch.129
- Introduction to Vol. III. Ch.130
- 480. _Bohn’s Edition_. Ch.131
- 49. Also Beckmann’s Hist. Inv., Vol. II. p. 219, _Bohn’s Edition_. Ch.132
- 40. It is our red ochre, peroxide of iron, mixed in a greater or less Ch.133
- Chapter 36. Ch.134
- 295. _Bohn’s Edition._ Ch.135
- Chapter 20 of the present Book. On the above passage by Dr. Watson, Ch.136
- Chapter 55 of this Book, that he flourished before the burning of the Ch.137
- Chapter 26), were the blue copper earth already mentioned, which may Ch.138
- 400. Several works of his are also mentioned by Pausanias. Ch.139
- 5. Müller and Meyer treat this story of the brazen statue as a fiction. Ch.140
- 328. _Bohn’s Edition._ Ch.141
- Chapter 32. Ch.142
- Chapter 2 of this Book, and B. xxxv. c. 52. Ch.143
- Chapter 40 of this Book. Ch.144
- 14. He alludes to the cement made of volcanic ashes, now known as Ch.145
- Introduction to Vol. III. Ch.146
- 19. Sillig, however, is inclined to think that there were _two_ artists Ch.147
- 703. His Basilica, a building which served as a court of law and as an Ch.148
- Chapter 68 of this Book. Ch.149
- Chapter 37. Ch.150
- Chapter 55 above. Ch.151
- Chapter 48, and “Beli oculus” in Chapter 55, of this Book. Ch.152
- Chapter 66 and the Tecolithos of Chapter 68. Ch.153
- 480. Of his Tragedies, eighteen are still extant, out of seventy-five, Ch.154
- Introduction to the work, i. 1-11. Ch.155