The Origin and Growth of the Healing Art by Edward Berdoe

_CELTIC, TEUTONIC, AND MEDIÆVAL MEDICINE._ I. MEDICINE OF THE DRUIDS, TEUTONS, ANGLO-SAXONS, AND WELSH 269 Origin of the Druid Religion.—Druid Medicine.—Their Magic.—Teutonic Medicine.—Gods of Healing.—Elves.—The Elements.—Anglo-Saxon Leechcraft.—The Leech-book.—Monastic Leechdoms.—Superstitions.—Welsh Medicine.—The Triads.—Welsh Druidism.—The Laws of the Court Physicians.—Welsh Medical Maxims.—Welsh Medical and Surgical Practice and Fees. II. MOHAMMEDAN MEDICINE 287 Sources of Arabian Learning.—Influence of Greek and Hindu Literature.—The Nestorians.—Baghdad and its Colleges.—The Moors in Spain.—The Mosque Schools.—Arabian Inventions and Services to Literature.—The great Arab Physicians.—Serapion, Rhazes, Ali Abbas, Avicenna, Albucasis, and Averroes. III. RISE OF THE MONASTERIES 300 Alchemy the Parent of Chemistry. IV. RISE OF THE UNIVERSITIES 303 School of Montpellier.—Divorce of Medicine from Surgery. V. THE SCHOOL OF SALERNO 308 The Monks of Monte Cassino.—Clerical Influence at Salerno. —Charlemagne.—Arabian Medicine gradually supplanted the Græco-Latin Science.—Constantine the Carthaginian.—Archimatthæus.—Trotula.—Anatomy of the Pig.—Pharmacopœias.—The Four Masters.—Roger and Rolando.—The Emperor Frederick. VI. THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY 319 The Crusades.—Astrology. VII. THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY 325 Revival of Human Anatomy.—Famous Physicians of the Century.—Domestic Medicine in Chaucer.—Fellowship of the Barbers and Surgeons.—The Black Death.—The Dancing Mania.—Pharmacy. VIII. THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY 333 Faith-healing.—Charms and Astrology in Medicine.—The Revival of Learning.—The Humanists.—Cabalism and Theology.—The Study of Natural History.—The Sweating Sickness.—Tarantism. —Quarantine.—High Position of Oxford University. IX. MEDICINE IN ANCIENT MEXICO AND PERU 341 Hospitals in Mexico.—Anatomy and Human Sacrifices.—Midwives as Spiritual Mothers.—Circumcision.—Peru.—Discovery of Cinchona Bark.