The Origin and Growth of the Healing Art by Edward Berdoe

clinical instruction at Göttingen, in 1781.[1013] G. M. THILENIUS in 1784 performed the first division of the _tendo achillis_ for the cure of club-foot. JUSTUS ARNEMAN (1763-1807) was a surgical professor at Göttingen, who wrote a system of surgery and advanced the study of diseases of the ear. CAMPER (1722-1789), a Dutch surgeon of a mechanical turn of mind, made improvements in trusses. LEGUIN, a Frenchman, was the first to employ steel springs in trusses (1663). TIPHARIE in 1761 introduced the double truss.[1014] OBSTETRICIANS. JOHANN PALFYN (1649-1730), a celebrated obstetric physician, in 1721 invented, or rather re-introduced, a species of forceps in difficult labour. HUGH CHAMBERLEN, M.D. (1664-1728), was the most famous man-midwife of his day. His name is for ever associated with the invention of the obstetric forceps—a noble instrument, which has saved more lives than any mechanical invention ever associated with the healing art. A monument was erected to his memory in Westminster Abbey, with a long Latin epitaph by Bishop Atterbury. WILLIAM SMELLIE (1680-1763), a distinguished English obstetric physician, improved the midwifery forceps and suggested and performed various operations in obstetric practice. * * * * * WILLIAM BROMFIELD (1712-1792) founded the Lock Hospital, London. He invented a tenaculum (a fine sharp hook by which the mouths of bleeding arteries are drawn out). He was a celebrated operator, and wrote a work on surgery. * * * * * The Medical College of Philadelphia was the first institution established in North America to give medical instruction. It was organized in May, 1765, by Drs. Shippen and Morgan. The University of Pennsylvania developed its medical department from this humble beginning. ANATOMISTS, PHYSIOLOGISTS, BOTANISTS, ETC. ALEXANDER MONRO (1697-1767) was a very eminent surgeon and anatomist of Edinburgh, whose Medical School owes more to him probably than to any other individual. He wrote on the _Anatomy of the Bones_, and an _Essay on Comparative Anatomy_. FRANK NICHOLLS, M.D. (1699-1778), was a famous anatomist and physiologist at Oxford. “He was the inventor of corroded anatomical preparations, and one of the first to study and teach the minute anatomy of tissues, in other words, general, as distinguished from regional and descriptive anatomy.”[1015] He was one of the first to describe correctly the mode of the production of aneurism, and he distinctly recognised the existence and function of the vaso-motor nerves.[1016] BROWNE LANGRISH, M.D., was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in