Modern English biography, volume 1 (of 4), A-H by Frederic Boase

APPLEBY, JOHN FREDERICK (_son of John Appleby of Soberton, Hants, farmer_). _b._ 18 Nov. 1795; captain R.N. 29 Jany. 1838; retired admiral 10 Sep. 1869. _d._ Blackbrook lodge, Fareham 3 Feb. 1878. APPLEGATH, AUGUSTUS (_son of Augustus Joseph Applegath, captain of H.E.I. Co.’s ship Europa_). _b._ parish of St. Dunstan, Stepney 17 June 1788; a printer in Nelson sq. Blackfriars road; constructed machines for printing bank notes 1818; erected a printing office in Duke st. Stamford st.; invented the composition ball and roller, and the steam printing press; the first book printed by steam was Waterton’s Wanderings; invented with Edward Cowper the four-cylinder machine, and erected it at the Times office 1827; patented vertical machine 1846; erected one at Times office, May 1848, which produced 10,000 impressions per hour; invented a machine for printing 6 colours at once; took out 18 patents for improvements in letterpress and silk printing; established large silk and print works at Crayford, and printing works at Dartford. _d._ Dartford 9 Feb. 1871. _Bohn’s Pictorial handbook of London_ (1854) 76–86; _N. and Q. 4 series iii_, 485 (1869) _vii_, 153 (1871); _Dartford Chronicle 25 Feb. 1871, p._ 3, _col._ 1. NOTE.—In the year 1818 Messrs. Applegath and Cowper constructed machines for the Bank of England to print in several colours in perfect register designs for the prevention of forgery; some millions of £1 notes were printed by them in the Bank, but were never issued, in consequence of the resumption of cash payment 1 May 1821. APPLETON, CHARLES EDWARD CUTTS BIRCHALL (_son of Rev. Robert Appleton, Head master of Reading school who d. 5 Feb. 1875 aged 73_). _b._ Reading 16 March 1841; Tunbridge fellow of St. John’s coll. Ox. 1864 to death; B.A. 1863, D.C.L. 1871; studied at Heidelberg and Berlin; lecturer in philosophy at his college Oct. 1867; lived at Hampstead 1872–77; founded _The Academy_ monthly literary paper 9 Oct. 1869, edited it to his death; took an active share in agitation that resulted in passing of Universities act 1877; wrote in the _Theological_, _Fortnightly_ and _Contemporary Review_s; edited _Essays on the endowment of research_ 1876. _d._ Luxor, Upper Egypt 1 Feb. 1879. _Dr. Appleton his life and literary relics, by J. H. Appleton and A. H. Sayce_ 1881, _portrait_. APPLEYARD, GEORGE. Of Westbourne place, Eaton square, London; many years secretary and librarian to the Earls Spencer. _d._ Walmer 30 Aug. 1855. APPOLD, JOHN GEORGE (_son of Christian Appold of Wilson st. Finsbury, London, fur skin dyer, who was naturalized by 45 George iii, cap. 83_). _b._ Wilson st. 14 April 1800; a fur skin dyer there 1822; a manager of the London Institution 1844; invented Centrifugal rotary pump which was a prominent feature in International Exhibitions of 1851 and 1862; invented a break used in laying first Atlantic cable 1857; A.I.C.E. May 1850; F.R.S. 2 June 1853. _d._ Clifton Down hotel, Clifton 31 Aug. 1865. _Proc. of Royal society xv_, 1–6 (1867); _Minutes of proc. of instit. of C.E. xxv_, 523–25 (1866). APTHORP, EAST. Entered Madras army 1820; commandant at Hyderabad 18 March 1859 to 18 April 1860; retired M.G. 31 Dec. 1861; C.B. 16 Nov. 1858. _d._ Amherst lodge, Tunbridge Wells 3 March 1875 aged 69. ARBUCKLE, BENJAMIN HUTCHESON VAUGHAN. _b._ 1788; captain R.A. 1825–46; L.G. 24 Aug. 1866. _d._ Little Heath, Old Charlton 11 Oct. 1874. ARBUTHNOT, SIR ALEXANDER DUNDAS Young (_only son of Robert Arbuthnot, lieut. col. 31 foot, who d. 10 July 1796_). _b._ 1796; captain R.N. 1824–46 when he retired on h.p.; gentleman of Privy Chamber 2 Nov. 1824 to death; col. commandant of depôt at Santander, Spain 26 Oct. 1835; led forlorn hope at storming of Irun; brigadier general in service of Queen of Spain 1838; knighted by Queen Victoria at St. James’s palace 25 June 1859; retired admiral 30 Nov. 1863; lord prior of English language of Knights of Malta 16 July 1860 to death. (_m._ 25 May 1827 Catherine Maria 3 dau. of Rev. Charles Eustace of Robertstown co. Kildare). _d._ Shenton hall, Nuneaton, Leics. 8 May 1871. ARBUTHNOT, CHARLES GEORGE JAMES (_eld. son of Right Hon. Charles Arbuthnot of Woodford house, Thrapstone, who d. 18 Aug. 1850 aged 82_). _b._ 1801; ed. at Westminster; ensign grenadier guards 26 Dec. 1816; lieut. col. of 72 foot 25 Sep. 1826; of 90 foot 17 May 1831, and of 72 foot 23 Feb. 1838 to 14 April 1843, when placed on h.p.; col. of 89 foot 9 July 1857, and of 91 foot 4 July 1864 to death; general 25 Nov. 1864; M.P. for Tregony 1831–32. _d._ Folkestone 21 Oct. 1870. ARBUTHNOT, GEORGE. _b._ 1802; clerk in the Treasury 1820 to death; private secretary to 6 successive secretaries of the Treasury; private sec. to Sir Robert Peel when prime minister Feb. 1843; and to Sir Charles Wood when chancellor of the exchequer July 1846; auditor of the civil list 1850 to death. _d._ Surbiton, Surrey 28 July 1865. _Dictionary of national biography ii_, 61 (1885). ARBUTHNOT, GEORGE BINGHAM. Lieut. col. 8 Madras light cavalry 1 Feb. 1856 to 31 Dec. 1861; retired M.G. 31 Dec. 1861. _d._ Bath 30 May 1867 aged 63. ARBUTHNOT, SIR ROBERT (_4 son of John Arbuthnot of Rockfleet castle co. Mayo_). _b._ 1773; captain Coldstream guards 25 July 1814 to 19 July 1821, when placed on h.p.; L.G. 23 Nov. 1841; col. 76 foot 31 May 1843 to death; K.C.B. 2 Jan. 1815, K.T.S. (_m._ Harriot only child of Wm. Vesey of Farmill, Ireland, she _d._ 5 Dec. 1861). _d._ Bonchurch, Isle of Wight 6 May 1853. _Household Words v_, 519 (1852). ARBUTHNOT, SIR ROBERT KEITH, 2 Baronet. _b._ Edinburgh 9 Sep. 1801; in Bombay civil service 1819–47; succeeded 18 Sep. 1829. _d._ Florence 4 March 1873. ARBUTHNOT, WILLIAM URQUHART (_5 son of Sir Wm. Arbuthnot, 1 Bart. 1766–1829_). _b._ 24 March 1807; ed. at high sch. Edin. and Haileybury college; in the Madras civil service 1826–46; member of firm of Arbuthnot and Co. Madras 1846; returned to England 1858; member of Indian council 21 Sep. 1858 to death; chairman of its finance committee. (_m._ 2 June 1834 Eliza only dau. of Gen. Sir Henry George Andrew Taylor, G.C.B.) _d._ Eaton place, London 11 Dec. 1874. _Graphic xi_, 68 (1875), _portrait_. ARBUTHNOTT, JOHN, 8 Viscount Arbuthnott (_eld. son of John Arbuthnott, 7 Viscount Arbuthnott, who d. 27 Feb. 1800_). _b._ 16 Jany. 1778; Rep. Peer Scotland 1818–47; lord rector of Univ. of Aberdeen; lord lieut. of Kincardineshire to 1847. _d._ Berlin 10 Jany. 1860. ARBUTHNOTT, SIR HUGH (_2 son of 7 Viscount Arbuthnott_). _b._ 1780; lieut. col. 52 foot 9 May 1811 to 8 April 1813, when placed on h.p.; col. 38 foot 4 April 1843 to 14 March 1862; col. 79 foot 14 March 1862 to death; general 20 June 1854; M.P. for co. Kincardine 1826–65; C.B. 8 Dec. 1815; K.C.B. 10 Nov. 1862. _d._ 11 July 1868. ARBUTHNOTT, WILLIAM. _b._ 1786; lieut col. R.A. 23 Nov. 1841 to 1 April 1844 when retired on full pay; general 29 March 1873. _d._ 20 Gloucester road, London 14 Dec. 1876. ARCEDECKNE, ANDREW (_only son of Andrew Arcedeckne of Glevering hall, Suffolk 1780–1849_). _b._ 1822; ed. at Ch. Ch. Ox.; sent out a cargo of tobacco pipes to our soldiers in the Crimea; sheriff of Suffolk 1856, paid fine of £100 for not having javelin men; commodore of royal London yacht club 18 years. (_m._ 1870 Jane Elsworthy, an actress, she _d._ 5 Oct. 1879 aged 54). _d._ 45 Marlborough hill, St. John’s Wood, London 31 May 1871 in 49 year. NOTE.—Thackeray depicted him in language, manner and gesture as Harry Foker in Pendennis, where there is also an exact woodcut portrait of him. ARCH, JOHN (_son of William Arch of 163 Fenchurch st. London, linen shirt maker_). Apprenticed to George Robinson of 25 Paternoster row, the great publisher of his day; bookseller at corner of Lombard st. and Gracechurch st. 1792, with his brother Arthur Portsmouth Arch who _d._ 9 April 1839; at 61 Cornhill 1810–38; collected the Henry Perkins library, the George Hibbert library, also the London institution library; published many valuable books. _d._ Vassal road, Kennington 1853 aged 87. ARCHBOLD, JOHN FREDERICK. Barrister L.I. 5 May 1814; author of _The practice of the court of King’s Bench in personal actions and ejectment_, _2 vols._ 1819, _14 ed._ 1885; _A summary of the law relating to pleading and evidence in criminal cases_, _19 ed._ 1878; _The parish officer_ 1852, _6 ed._ 1881, and many other legal works. _d._ 15 Gloucester st. Regent’s park, London 28 Nov. 1870 aged 85. _J. G. Marvin’s Legal bibliography_ (1847) 66–70. ARCHBOLD, ROBERT. M.P. for co. Kildare (radical) 11 Aug. 1837 to 23 July 1847. _d._ Davidstown house near Castle Dermot, co. Kildare 9 March 1855. ARCHDALL-GRATWICKE, REV. GEORGE. _b._ Derbyshire 21 April 1787; ed. at Em. coll. Cam.; B.A. 1815, M.A. 1818, B.D. 1825, D.D. 1835; fellow of his college; dean, bursar, prelector and steward; master May 1835 to death; vice chancellor of Cambridge 1835 and 1841; canon of Norwich 1842–67; took additional surname of Gratwicke by royal license 28 April 1863. (_m._ 1835 Jemima Elizabeth eld. dau. of Rev. Wm. Kinleside of Angmering, Sussex). _d._ the Lodge, Em. coll. Cambridge 16 Sep. 1871. NOTE.—His personalty was sworn under £180,000 Oct. 1871, he left £6000 to his college. ARCHER, FREDERICK SCOTT (_2 son of Mr. Archer, of Bishop Stortford, butcher_). _b._ 1813; assistant to Massey of Leadenhall st. London, silversmith; a sculptor; applied collodion to photography successfully 1850, first account of this process was in the _Chemist_, March 1851, it was in general use for 30 years till the gelatine process was discovered; photographer at 105 Great Russell st. Bloomsbury 1852 to death; invented a camera and a liquid lens; the first to use a triplet lens. _d._ 105 Great Russell st. 1 May