Travels in Peru and India by Sir Clements R. Markham

CHAPTER XX.

CONVEYANCE OF CHINCHONA-PLANTS AND SEEDS FROM SOUTH AMERICA TO INDIA. Transmission of dried specimens--Voyages of plants in Wardian cases --Arrival of plants and seeds in India--DepÃ´t at Kew--Treatment of plants in Wardian cases--Effects of introduction of chinchona-plants into India on trade in South America--Neilgherry hills 331 [Illustration] TRAVELS IN INDIA. [Illustration]

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Chapter 1 Ch.1
introduction into India. This important measure has now been crowned Ch.2
CHAPTER I. Ch.3
CHAPTER II. Ch.4
CHAPTER III. Ch.5
INTRODUCTION OF CHINCHONA-PLANTS INTO INDIA. Ch.6
CHAPTER V. Ch.7
CHAPTER VI. Ch.8
CHAPTER VII. Ch.9
CHAPTER VIII. Ch.10
CHAPTER IX. Ch.11
CHAPTER X. Ch.12
CHAPTER XI. Ch.13
CHAPTER XII. Ch.14
CHAPTER XIII. Ch.15
CHAPTER XIV. Ch.16
CHAPTER XV. Ch.17
CHAPTER XVI. Ch.18
CHAPTER XVII. Ch.19
CHAPTER XVIII. Ch.20
CHAPTER XIX. Ch.21
CHAPTER XX. Ch.22
CHAPTER XXI. Ch.23
CHAPTER XXII. Ch.24
CHAPTER XXIII. Ch.25
CHAPTER XXIV. Ch.26
CHAPTER XXV. Ch.27
CHAPTER XXVI. Ch.28
CHAPTER XXVII. Ch.29
CHAPTER XXVIII. Ch.30
CHAPTER XXIX. Ch.31
CHAPTER I. Ch.32
CHAPTER II. Ch.33
CHAPTER III. Ch.34
INTRODUCTION OF CHINCHONA-PLANTS INTO INDIA. Ch.35
introduction into India of a plant the inestimable value of which had Ch.36
CHAPTER V. Ch.37
CHAPTER VI. Ch.38
CHAPTER VII. Ch.39
CHAPTER VIII. Ch.40
CHAPTER IX. Ch.41
1780. The Inca, on pretence that some person had arrived at his house Ch.42
CHAPTER X. Ch.43
CHAPTER XI. Ch.44
1771. He must have been possessed of enormous wealth, to have enabled Ch.45
CHAPTER XII. Ch.46
CHAPTER XIII. Ch.47
CHAPTER XIV. Ch.48
CHAPTER XV. Ch.49
CHAPTER XVI. Ch.50
CHAPTER XVII. Ch.51
CHAPTER XVIII. Ch.52
CHAPTER XIX. Ch.53
CHAPTER XX. Ch.54
CHAPTER XXI. Ch.55
CHAPTER XXII. Ch.56
CHAPTER XXIII. Ch.57
1860. in 7 months, Ch.58
CHAPTER XXIV. Ch.59
CHAPTER XXV. Ch.60
CHAPTER XXVI. Ch.61
CHAPTER XXVII. Ch.62
CHAPTER XXVIII. Ch.63
1861. In exchange for these plants a supply of _C. succirubræ_, and a Ch.64
CHAPTER XXIX. Ch.65
1857. | | | | | Ch.66
1820. Died at St. John's, New Brunswick. Ch.67
19. C. HIRSUTA (_Ruiz and Pavon_) N. Peru. Ch.68
6. _C. magnifolia_ {( " _flor de Azahar_). Ch.69
7. _C. glandulifera_ ( " _negrilla_). Ch.70
1815. (1 tom. 4°, 112 paginas). Ch.71
441. A very illegible manuscript in the national library at Madrid. Ch.72
1850. Bustamante says that, at the time of his visit, there were a Ch.73
2. Mr. Spruce's _Report to the Under Secretary of State for India_, Ch.74
3. _Report of the Expedition to procure Plants and Seeds of the Ch.75
1. Very characteristic specimens of the bark, leaves, flowers, and Ch.76
2. Bark, leaves, and flowers of _C. crispa_, Tafalla, a kind which is Ch.77
3. Bark and leaves of _C. Lucumæfolia_ of Pavon, from Zamora. This Ch.78
1847. Also, Caldwell's _Comparative Dravidian Grammar_. The German Ch.79
1. _Memoir of the Varagherry Hills_, by Capt. B. S. Ward, _Madras Ch.80
2. _Observations on the Pulney Mountains_, by Dr. Wight, _Madras Ch.81
3. _Report on the Pulneys_, by Lieut. R. H. Beddome, _Madras Journal_, Ch.82
4. Sir Charles Trevelyan's _Official Tour in the South of India_. Ch.83
1. _Setaria Italica_, called _tennay_ in Tamil, and _samee_ by the Ch.84
2. _Panicum Miliaceum_, called _varagoo_ on the Pulney hills, and Ch.85
3. _Panicum pilosum_, or _badlee_, will grow in the worst soil, but is Ch.86
4. _Cynosurus corocanus_, or _ragee_, is a very prolific grain, and Ch.87
5. _Holcus spicatus_, or spiked millet, called _cumboo_ in Madras, and Ch.88
6. _Sorghum vulgare_, or great millet, called _cholum_ in Madras, and Ch.89
7. _Sesamum Indicum_, or gingelee oil-plant, called _till_ in the Ch.90
1. _Cicer arietinum_, or Bengal gram, the seeds of which are eaten, and Ch.91
2. _Dolichos unifloris_, or horse gram, with grey seeds, used for Ch.92
3. _Dolichos sinensis_, or _lobia_, a twining annual, with large pale Ch.93
4. _Cajanus Indicus_, pigeon-pea, or _toor_. A shrub three to six feet Ch.94
5. _Phaseolus mungo_, black gram, or _moong_. A nearly erect, hairy Ch.95
6. _Phaseolus rostratus_, or _hullounda_, a twining plant, with large, Ch.96
8. _Lablab cultratus_, a twining plant, with white, red, or purple Ch.97
9. _Dolichos lablab_, or _bulla_, a twining plant of which there are Ch.98
10. _Botanical Descriptions of Species of Chinchonæ now growing in Ch.99
1854. On the 31st of December, 1860, they had of Ch.100