Medical Jurisprudence, Forensic medicine and Toxicology. Vol. 1 by R. A. Witthaus et al.
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Title: Medical Jurisprudence, Forensic medicine and Toxicology. Vol. 1
Author: R. A. Witthaus
Tracy C. Becker
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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE, FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY. VOL. 1 ***
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES:
—Obvious print and punctuation errors were corrected.
—Bold text has been rendered as =bold text=.
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MEDICAL
JURISPRUDENCE
FORENSIC MEDICINE
AND
TOXICOLOGY
BY
R. A. WITTHAUS, A.M., M.D.
_Professor of Chemistry, Physics, and Hygiene in the University of the
City of New York, etc., etc._
AND
TRACY C. BECKER, A.B., LL.B.
_Counsellor at Law, Professor of Criminal Law and Medical
Jurisprudence in the University of Buffalo_
_WITH THE COLLABORATION OF_
J. CLIFTON EDGAR, M.D.; D. S. LAMB, M.D.; W. B. OUTTEN, M.D.;
HON. WM. A. POSTE; EDWARD S. WOOD, M.D.;
E. V. STODDARD, M.D.;
HON. GOODWIN BROWN; J. C. CAMERON, M.D.; E. D. FISHER, M.D.;
H. P. LOOMIS, M.D.; ROSWELL PARK, M.D.; IRVING C. ROSSE, M.D.;
F. P. VANDENBERGH, M.D.; J. H. WOODWARD, M.D.;
GEORGE WOOLSEY,M.D.
VOLUME ONE
NEW YORK WILLIAM WOOD & COMPANY 1894
COPYRIGHT, 1894,
BY WILLIAM WOOD & COMPANY
PRESS OF
THE PUBLISHERS’ PRINTING COMPANY
132-136 W. FOURTEENTH ST.
NEW YORK
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Chapters
- Chapter 1 Ch.1
- INTRODUCTION, v Ch.2
- INTRODUCTION. Ch.3
- CHAPTER I. Ch.4
- CHAPTER II. Ch.5
- CHAPTER III. Ch.6
- CHAPTER IV. Ch.7
- CHAPTER V. Ch.8
- CHAPTER VI. Ch.9
- 1. Persons graduated from a legally chartered medical school not less Ch.10
- 3. Medical students taking a regular course of medical instruction. Ch.11
- 1. Graduates of a reputable medical college in the school of medicine Ch.12
- 2. Persons not graduates in medicine who had practised medicine in this Ch.13
- 3. A person not a graduate of medicine and who has not practised Ch.14
- 1. Fellow, member (inserted 22 Vict., c. 21, s. 4), licentiate, or Ch.15
- 2. Fellow, member (inserted 22 Vict., c. 21, s. 4), or licentiate of Ch.16
- 3. Fellow or licentiate of the King’s and Queen’s College of Physicians Ch.17
- 4. Fellow or member or licentiate in midwifery of the Royal College of Ch.18
- 5. Fellow or licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh Ch.19
- 6. Fellow or licentiate of the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Ch.20
- 10. Doctor or bachelor or licentiate of medicine, or master in surgery Ch.21
- 11. Doctor of medicine of any foreign or colonial university or Ch.22
- 1. Persons entitled to be registered at the time of the coming into Ch.23
- 2. Any member of any incorporated college of physicians and surgeons Ch.24
- 3. Every person mentioned in chap. 48 of Act 49 and 50 Vict. of the Ch.25
- 4. Every graduate in medicine upon examination of the University of Ch.26
- 5. Every person who produces to the registrar the certificate under the Ch.27
- 1. A license to practise physic, surgery, and midwifery, or either, Ch.28
- 2. A license or diploma granted under 2 Vict., c. 38, or under the Ch.29
- 3. A license or authorization to practise physic, surgery, and Ch.30
- 4. A certificate of qualification to practise medicine, surgery, and Ch.31
- 5. A medical or surgical degree or diploma of any university or college Ch.32
- 6. A certificate of registration under the Imperial Act 21 and 22 Ch.33
- 7. A commission or warrant as physician or surgeon in Her Majesty’s Ch.34
- 8. Certificates of qualification to practise medicine under any of the Ch.35
- 1. That he holds a certificate of study from a licensed physician for Ch.36
- 3. That he has followed his studies during a period of not less than Ch.37
- 4. That during said four years he attended at some university, college, Ch.38
- 5. That he attended the general practice of a hospital in which are Ch.39
- 6. That he has attended six cases of labor and compounded medicines for Ch.40
- 1. When and under what circumstances the body was first seen; stating Ch.41
- 3. Any circumstances that would lead to a suspicion of suicide or Ch.42
- 4. Time after death at which the examination was made, if it can be Ch.43
- 5. The external appearance of the body: whether the surface is livid or Ch.44
- 7. Any marks of violence on the person, disarrangement of the dress, Ch.45
- 8. Presence or absence of warmth in the legs, abdomen, arms, armpits, Ch.46
- 9. Presence or absence of rigor mortis. Ch.47
- 10. Upon first opening the body the color of the muscles should be Ch.48
- 12. The state of the abdominal viscera, describing each one in Ch.49
- 13. The state of the heart and lungs. (For special consideration of the Ch.50
- 14. The state of the brain and spinal cord. Ch.51
- 2. Intermittent shocks of electricity at different tensions passed into Ch.52
- 3. Careful movements of the joints of the extremities and of the lower Ch.53
- 4. A bright needle plunged into the body of the biceps muscle Ch.54
- 5. The opening of a vein, showing that the blood has undergone Ch.55
- 6. The subcutaneous injection of ammonia (Monte Verde’s test), causing Ch.56
- 7. A fillet applied to the veins of the arm (Richardson’s test), Ch.57
- 8. “Diaphanous test:” after death there is an absence of the Ch.58
- 9. “Eye test:” after death there is a loss of sensibility of the eye Ch.59
- 4. Changes in color due to Ch.60
- 1. Situation. Post-mortem ecchymoses are seen on that portion of the Ch.61
- 2. In cadaveric lividity there is no elevation of the skin and the Ch.62
- 3. After cutting into the tissues where an ecchymosis has been produced Ch.63
- 4. Post-mortem ecchymoses are very extensive, ante-mortem generally Ch.64
- 1. =Temperature.=—Putrefaction advances most rapidly at a temperature Ch.65
- 2. =Moisture.=—Putrefaction takes place only in the presence of Ch.66
- 3. =Air.=—Exposure to air favors decomposition by carrying to the body Ch.67
- 4. =Age.=—The bodies of children decompose much more rapidly than Ch.68
- 5. =Cause of Death.=—In cases of sudden death, as from accident or Ch.69
- 6. =Manner of Burial.=—When a body is buried in low ground in a damp, Ch.70
- 1. =The Temperature.=—Below 32° F. and above 212° F. putrefaction is Ch.71
- 2. =Moisture.=—Absence of moisture retards decomposition. In the dry Ch.72
- 3. =Air.=—If access of air to a body be prevented in any way by its Ch.73
- 4. =Age.=—Adults and old people decompose more slowly than children. Ch.74
- 5. =Cause of Death.=—Putrefaction is delayed after death from chronic Ch.75
- 6. =Manner of Burial.=—Putrefaction is retarded by burial a short Ch.76
- 1. Bodies of young persons, because the fat is abundant and chiefly Ch.77
- 4. The immersion of bodies in water, the change taking place more Ch.78
- 5. Humid soil, especially when bodies are placed in it one upon the Ch.79
- 1. HEMORRHAGE varies in amount with the size of the wound, the Ch.80
- 2. COAGULATION OF BLOOD.—As stated at the beginning of this section, Ch.81
- 3. EVERSION OF THE LIPS OF THE WOUND.—The edges or lips of a wound Ch.82
- 4. RETRACTION OF THE SIDES OF THE WOUND is also dependent on their Ch.83
- 1. =Hemorrhage.=—This may act by producing syncope. But the amount of Ch.84
- introduction into the blood and tissues of the bacteria themselves. Ch.85
- 1. _Cullingworth: Lancet, May 1st, 1875, p. 608_.—Woman. Believed to Ch.86
- 2. _Taylor: “Med. Jur.,” Am. Ed., 1892, p. 412._—Man and woman. Ch.87
- 3. _Harvey: Indian Med. Gaz., December_ 1st, 1875, _p. 312_.—Hindoo Ch.88
- 4. _Harris: Ibid., p. 313._—Boy, age 10. Abrasions over front of Ch.89
- 5. _Mackenzie: Ibid., February, 1889, p. 44._—Hindoo woman, age not Ch.90
- 30. Strangled by soft cloth cord. Necroscopy: Circular mark of cord, Ch.91
- 7. _Ibid., p. 234._—Hindoo woman, age about 40. Broad, circular, Ch.92
- 8. _Ibid., p. 235._—Hindoo woman, age about 25. Piece of cloth twisted Ch.93
- 9. _Harvey: Ibid., January_ 1st, 1876, _p. 2_.—Hindoo woman, age 12 Ch.94
- 10. _Ibid._—Hindoo man, age 20. Dead seven days; much decomposition Ch.95
- 11. _Ibid._—Cases of strangulation by sticks and other hard Ch.96
- 12. _Ibid._—In another subject two sticks were tightly tied together, Ch.97
- 13. _Pemberton: Lancet, May_ 22d, 1869, _p. 707_.—Woman, age 60. Ch.98
- 14. _Cullingworth: Med. Chron., Manchester, 1884-85, i., p. Ch.99
- 15. _The Gouffé Case._—Murdered by Eyraud and Bompard in 1889. _Archiv Ch.100
- 16. _Horteloup: Ann. d’Hygiène, 1873, xxxix., pp. 408-416._—Man found Ch.101
- 17. _Laennec: Journ. de med. l’ouest, 1878, xii., pp. 68-71._—Woman, Ch.102
- 18. _Lancet, ii., 1841-42, p. 129._—Woman, found dead, her clothing Ch.103
- 19. _Alguie: “Étude méd. and exp. de l’homicide réel ou simulé par Ch.104
- 20. _Gatscher: Mittheil. d. Wien. med. Doct. Colleg., 1878, iv., p. Ch.105
- 21. _Ibid., p. 46._—Woman, age 50, found dead in bed. Blood fluid; two Ch.106
- 22. _Waidele: Memorabilien, 1873, xviii., pp. 161-167._—Husband and Ch.107
- 23. _Rehm: Friedreich’s Blätter f. ger. Med., 1883, xxxiv., pp. Ch.108
- 24. _Schüppel: Vier. ger. öff. Med., xiii., 1870, pp. 140-156._—Woman, Ch.109
- 25. _Weiss: Ibid., xxvii., 1877, pp. 239-244._—Woman strangulated by Ch.110
- 26. _Isnard and Dieu: Rev. cas jud., Paris, 1841, p. 101._—Man, Ch.111
- 27. _Friedberg: Gericht. gutacht., 1875, pp. 211-224._—Woman found Ch.112
- 26. _Tardieu: “Pendaison,” p. 223._—New-born infant. Question whether Ch.113
- 29. _Ibid., p. 219._—Woman, advanced in years, habits dissipated; Ch.114
- 30. _Ibid., p. 216._—Wife of the celebrated painter Gurneray; found Ch.115
- 31. _Ibid., p. 211._—Three murders by one man. All women. All injured Ch.116
- 32. _Francis: Med. Times and Gaz., December_ 2d, 1876, _p. Ch.117
- 33. _Badahur: Indian Med. Gaz., December, 1882, p. 330._—Hindoo Ch.118
- 34. _Harris: Ibid._—Woman; made a loop of her hair around her neck, Ch.119
- 35. _Geoghegan: Taylor’s “Med. Jur.,” Am. Ed., 1892, p. 413._—Informed Ch.120
- 36. _Taylor: “Med. Jur.,” Am. Ed., 1892, p. 418._—Boy: found dead with Ch.121
- 37. _Fargues: Rec. de mém. de méd., etc., Paris, 1869, xxii., pp. Ch.122
- 38. _Borchard: Jour. de méd. de Bordeaux, 1860, v., p. 349 et Ch.123
- 39. _Hofmann: Wien med. Presse, 1879, xx., p. 16, et seq. Also Ch.124
- 40. _Zillner: Wien med. Woch., 1880, xxx., pp. 969, 999._—Woman, age Ch.125
- 41. _Bollinger: Friedreich’s Blätter f. ger. Med., 1889, xl., p. Ch.126
- 42. _Roth: Ibid., p. 9._—Man, age 68; melancholic; found dead in bed. Ch.127
- 43. _Ibid._—Son-in-law at 36 years of age had committed suicide in the Ch.128
- 44. _Ibid._—Man, age 63; found dead in his bed; cord around neck Ch.129
- 45. _Maschka: Vier. ger. öff. Med., 1883, xxxviii., pp. 71-77._—Woman, Ch.130
- 46. _Ibid._—Woman; supposed to have been murdered by her son. There Ch.131
- 47. _Hackel: Dorpat Diss., 1891, p. 34._—Man, age 48; strangled Ch.132
- 48. _Binner: Zeitsch. f. Med-beamte, 1888, i., pp. 364-368._—Woman; Ch.133
- 49. _Bédié: Rec. de mém. de Méd., etc., Paris, 1866, xvi., pp. Ch.134
- 50. _Liégey: Jour. de Méd. chir. et pharm., Brussels, 1868, xlvi., Ch.135
- 51. _Friedberg: Gericht. gutacht., p. 240._—New-born child found dead Ch.136
- 1. _Harvey: Indian Med. Gaz., 1876, xi., p. 2._—Man, age 30. Found Ch.137
- 2. _Ibid., p. 3._—Insane man, age 60. Put his neck in a V-shaped fork Ch.138
- 3. _Ibid., p. 5._—Woman, age 28. Two marks of ligature on neck; one Ch.139
- 4. _Ibid., p. 5._—Man, age 45; first cut his throat and then hung Ch.140
- 5. _Ibid., p. 30._—Woman; hung herself with a twisted cloth. There Ch.141
- 6. _Ibid._—Man, age 39. Distinct mark of cord around neck; no other Ch.142
- 7. _Ibid._—Man, age 70. Mark of cord around the neck, superficial Ch.143
- 8. _Ibid._—Sex and age not given. Found hanging on a tree; usual Ch.144
- 9. _Ibid., p. 32._—Man, age 50. Face livid, eyes red and protruding; Ch.145
- 10. _Hurpy: Ann. d’ Hygiene, 1881, vi., pp. 359-367, with Ch.146
- 11. _Champouillon: Same journal, 1876, xlvi., p. 129._—Man, age 62; Ch.147
- 12. _Pellier: Lyon thesis, 1883, No. 188, p. 72._—Boy, age 16, hung Ch.148
- 13. _Lacassagne: Pellier thesis (supra), p. 71._—Man; hung himself; Ch.149
- 14. _Maschka: Archiv. de l’anthrop. crim., Paris, 1886, i., pp. Ch.150
- 15. _Friedberg: Virchow’s Archiv, 1878, lxxiv., p. 401._—Suicidal Ch.151
- 16. _Bollinger: Friedreich’s Blätt. f. ger. Med., 1889, xl., p. Ch.152
- 17. _Med. Times and Gaz., London, 1860, ii., p. 39._—Woman; had Ch.153
- 18. _E. Hoffman: Mitt. d. Wien. Med. Doct. Colleg., 1878, iv., pp. Ch.154
- 20. 3d. Man, age 50. First tried to kill himself with phosphorus, then Ch.155
- 21. _Müller-Beninga: Berlin. klin. Woch., 1877, xiv., p. 481._—Man, Ch.156
- 22. _Tardieu: Op. cit., p. 18._—The Prince of Condé was found hanging Ch.157
- 23. _Allison: Lancet, 1869, i., p. 636._—Three cases of suicide by Ch.158
- 24. _Tardieu: Op. cit., pp. 93-105._—Woman, died of coma and asphyxia Ch.159
- 25. _Ibid., pp. 67-72._—The famous case of Marc-Antoine Calas, who Ch.160
- 26. _Ibid., p. 72._—Another famous case. A woman, age 30, hung herself Ch.161
- 27. _Hofmann: Wien. med. Presse, 1880, xxi., p. 201._—Man, age 68, Ch.162
- 28. _Ibid.: 1878, xix., pp. 489-493._—Woman, found dead sitting in Ch.163
- 29. _Ibid._—Man, tried to poison himself with phosphorus and sulphuric Ch.164
- 30. _Maschka: Wien. med. Woch., 1880, xxx., pp. 714, 747, 1075._—Man, Ch.165
- 32. _Ibid. 1883, xxxiii., pp. 1118-1120._—Woman. age 23. Question Ch.166
- 33. _Hofmann: Allg. Wien. med. Zeit., 1870, xv., pp. 192-214._—Man, Ch.167
- 34. _Van Haumeder: Wien. med. Woch., 1882, xxxii., pp. Ch.168
- 35. _Maschka: “Sammlung gericht. Gutacht.,” etc. (Prag), Leipzig, 1873, Ch.169
- 36. _Ibid., p. 144._—Boy, age 13. Found hanging in sitting position. Ch.170
- 37. _Ibid., p. 149._—Woman, age 60; found hanging, sitting position. Ch.171
- 39. _Ibid., p. 165._—Man, age 63. Suicide by hanging, or homicide by Ch.172
- 40. _Berliner: Viert. f. ger. Med. und öff. San., 1874, xx., pp. Ch.173
- 41. _Deininger: Friedreich’s Blät. ger. Med., 1884, xxxv., pp. Ch.174
- 42. _Mader: Bericht d. k. k. Rud. Stift., Wien. (1875), 1876, p. Ch.175
- 43. _Grant: Lancet, 1889, ii., p. 265._—Man, age 48; found sitting Ch.176
- 44. _White: Lancet, 1884, ii., p. 401._—Woman, age 53, insane. Made Ch.177
- 45. _Richards: Indian Med. Gaz., 1886, xxi., p. 78._—Man, age 20; Ch.178
- 47. _Terrier: Prog. Méd., 1887, vi., pp. 211-214._—Two men, age 29 and Ch.179
- 48. _Nobeling: Aertz. Intellig.-bl., 1884, xxxi., p. 213._—Two Ch.180
- 49. _Ritter: Allg. Wien,. med. Zeit., 1886, xxxi., p. 375._—Soldier, Ch.181
- 50. _Strassmann: Viert. f. ger. Med., 1888, xlviii., pp. Ch.182
- 51. _Balta: Pest. Med. Chir. Presse, 1892, xxviii., p. 1244._—Man, age Ch.183
- 52. _Hackel: Op. cit., p. 35._—Man, found hanging to a beam by a Ch.184
- 53. _Ibid._—Two cases of suicidal hanging where the cord made no mark. Ch.185
- 54. _Freund: Wien. klin. Woch., 1893, vi., pp. 118-121._—Man, found Ch.186
- 55. _Hoffman: Op. cit., p. 525, illustrated._—Case communicated by Dr. Ch.187
- 56. _Ibid., p. 530._—Man found hanging by handkerchief to branch of Ch.188
- 57. _Ibid., p. 541._—Man found hanging to a window. Another man cut Ch.189
- 58. _Ibid._—Man found hanging; cut down; the fall caused rupture of Ch.190
- 59. _Ibid., p. 539._—Drunkard hung himself; there was evidence that he Ch.191
- 60. _Ibid._—Boy hung himself because he had been punished by the Ch.192
- 61. _Harvey: Indian Med. Gaz., 1876, xi., p. 3._—Woman, age 20, Ch.193
- 62. _Ibid., p. 4._—Woman, age 38. Rope close under the chin passed Ch.194
- 63. _Rehm: Friedreich’s Blät. f. ger. Med., 1883, xxxiv., pp. Ch.195
- 64. _Tardieu: Op. cit., p. 125._—Woman found hanging in her room. Ch.196
- 65. _Ibid., p. 124._—Girl, 15 years old. Body found hanging. Post Ch.197
- 66. _Ibid., p._ 122.—Woman found hanging in her room, and was Ch.198
- 67. _Ibid., p. 106._—The Duroulle affair. Woman found hanging. Ch.199
- 68. _Ibid., p._ 130.—The Daugats affair. Man found hanging, sitting Ch.200
- 69. _Passauer: Viert. f. ger. Med. und öff. San., 1876, xxiv., pp. Ch.201
- 70. _Becker: Same journal, 1877, xxvii., pp. 463-473._—Woman, age Ch.202
- 71. _Maschka: “Samm. gericht. Gutacht.,” etc. (Prag), Leipzig, 1873_, Ch.203
- 72. _Ibid., p. 127._—Man found dead. Had he been strangled or hung, or Ch.204
- 73. _Ibid., p. 133._—Woman, age 42; found hanging; a mark around her Ch.205
- 74. _Rehm: Friedreich’s Blätt., 1883, xxxiv., pp. 322-362._—Man, age Ch.206
- 75. _Hofmann: “Lehrbuch,” p. 538._—A father hung his five children, Ch.207
- 76. _MacLaren: Indian Med. Gaz., 1873, viii., p. 234._—Three cases of Ch.208
- 77. _Second man_, age 16; pupils widely dilated; eyeballs protruding. Ch.209
- 78. _Third man_, age 20; pupils slightly dilated; eyeballs and tongue Ch.210
- 79. _Cayley: Ibid., p. 122._—Man, age 35; executed by hanging. Ch.211
- 80. _Garden: Same journal, 1880, xv., p. 12._—Man, age 40, weight Ch.212
- 81. See two cases of judicial hanging by _Wilkie, same journal, 1881, Ch.213
- 82. _Porter: Archiv. Laryngol., New York, 1880, i., p. 142._—Redemier Ch.214
- 83. _Another_ criminal hung at the same time had dislocation of Ch.215
- 84. _Fenwick: Canada Med. Jour., 1867, iii., p. 195._—Man executed; Ch.216
- 85. _Dyer: Trans. Amer. Ophthal. Soc., 1866, p. 13._—Man, age 24; Ch.217
- 86. _Dyer: Same Trans., 1869, pp. 72-75._—Man hung. One eye showed Ch.218
- 87. _Green: Same Trans., 1876, p. 354._—Man hung; drop seven or eight Ch.219
- 88. _Keen: Amer. Jour. Med. Sci., 1870, lix., p. 417._—Two criminals Ch.220
- 89. _Clark: Boston Med. and Surg. Jour., 1858, lviii., p. Ch.221
- 90. _Hofmann: Wien. med. Woch., 1880, xxx., pp. 477-480._—Man, a Ch.222
- 91. _Kinkhead: Lancet_, and 701-703.—Cases of hanging. In one, the Ch.223
- 92. _Nelson: Southern Clinic, 1885, viii., pp. 198-202._—Two colored Ch.224
- 93. _Dercum: Phila. Med. Times, 1886-87, xvii., p. 368._—Description Ch.225
- 94. _Kirtikar: Trans. M. and P. Soc., Bombay, 1885, vi., pp. Ch.226
- 95. _Lamb: Med. News, Philadelphia, 1882, xli., pp. 42-45._—Execution Ch.227
- 96. _Thomson and Allen: Catalog. Surg. Sec. Army Med. Mus._; specimens Ch.228
- 97. _Harvey: Indian Med. Gaz., 1876, xi., p. 3._—Boy, age 1½ years; Ch.229
- 98. _Hackel: Op. cit., p. 35._—Man, age 19, sitting on a load of wood, Ch.230
- 99. _Biggs and Jenkins: New York Med. Jour., 1890, lii., p. 30._—Case Ch.231
- 1. _Huppert: Vier. ger. Med. und öff. San., 1876, xxiv., pp. Ch.232
- 2. _Johnson: Lancet, 1878, ii., p. 501._—Boy swallowed penny, became Ch.233
- 3. _Ibid._—Man suddenly fell while at dinner; face blue; breathing Ch.234
- 4. _Ibid._—Boy, age 5 years. Button in larynx. Aphonia, dyspnœa, Ch.235
- 5. _Ibid._—Man, drunk, swallowed a half-sovereign. Urgent dyspnœa; Ch.236
- 6. _Med. Times and Gaz., 1874, i., p. 486._—Man, age 20, had severe Ch.237
- 7. _Littlejohn: Edin. Med. Jour., 1875, xx., p. 780._—Woman found Ch.238
- 8. _Sayre: New York Med. Jour., 1874, xix., p. 420._—Girl, age Ch.239
- 9. _Duffy: Trans. Med. Soc. No. Car., 1874, p. 126._—Boy, age 8, Ch.240
- 10. _Tardieu: Op. cit., p. 290._—Man, age 50, found dead on the floor. Ch.241
- 11. _Oesterlen: Vier. f. ger. Med. und öff. San., 1876, xxiv., p. Ch.242
- 12. _Tardieu: Op. cit., p. 322._—Two children, one 2 months old, the Ch.243
- 13. _Blum: New York Med. Jour., 1885, xlii., p. 207._—Woman, found Ch.244
- 14. _Wyeth: Same journal, 1884, xl., p. 487._—Boy, age 12, inspired Ch.245
- 15. _Partridge: Same journal, 1890, li., p. 303._—Child, 4 months old, Ch.246
- 42. _Roy. Indian Med. Gaz., 1880, xv., p. 71._—Man, believed to be Ch.247
- 49. _Poupon: Bull. Soc. Clin., Paris (1882), 1883, vi., pp. Ch.248
- 50. _Pons: Jour. Méd., Bordeaux, 1889-1890, xix., pp. 57-61._—Woman, Ch.249
- 51. _Kemény: Wien. med. Blat., 1890, xiii., p. 37._—Man, age 45. Ch.250
- 52. _Maschka: Vier. ger. Med., 1885, xliii., pp. 11-14._—Man, age 65. Ch.251
- 53. _Heidenhain: Same journal, 1886, xliv., pp. 96-101._—Vomited Ch.252
- 54. _Langstein: Wien. med. Woch., 1880, xxx., pp. 624-626._—Child Ch.253
- 55. _Ward: Catalog. Army Med. Mus., Med. Sec., p. 33._—Soldier, age Ch.254
- 56. _Sankey: Brit. Med. Jour., 1883, i., p. 88._—Epileptic; found dead Ch.255
- 57. _Macleod: Ibid., 1882, ii., p. 1246._—Suicidal maniac. Had to Ch.256
- 58. _Christison: Edin. Med. Jour., 1829, xxxi., pp. 236-250._—The Ch.257
- 59. _Hackel: Dorpat Diss., 1891, p. 35._—Case of choking with pressure Ch.258
- 60. _Tardieu: Op. cit., p. 315._—New-born infant; found buried in Ch.259
- 61. _Tardieu: Op. cit., p. 323._—New-born infant found under a cask, Ch.260
- 62. _Ibid., p. 325._—New-born infant found buried in the earth; gravel Ch.261
- 63. _Ibid., p. 326._—New-born infant found in ashes; nose and lips Ch.262
- 64. _Ibid., p. 327._—New-born infant, buried in bran; nose and mouth Ch.263
- 65. _Devergie and Raynaud: Ann. d’Hyg., 1852, xlviii., pp. Ch.264
- 66. _Rauscher: Friedreich’s Blat., 1886, xxxvii., pp. 324-330._—Woman, Ch.265
- 1602. Mongitore, “Bibl. Sic.,” Panormi, 1707-14. i., 199, mentions Ch.266
- 1885. (See Toxicology.) Ch.267
- 143. The Court said (per Sedgwick, J.): “In order to give the public Ch.268
- 209. Kansas, Teft _v._ Wilcox, 6 Kan., 46. Massachusetts, Com. _v._ Ch.269
- 668. Wisconsin, Reynolds _v._ Graves, 3 Wis., 416. Vermont, Briggs _v._ Ch.270
- 1. Causes of death; especially in cases of homicide, suicide, accident, Ch.271
- 2. Causes, nature, and extent of personal injuries, by violence, Ch.272
- 3. Birth of infants; was infant born dead or alive; if dead, was death Ch.273
- 4. Rape, abortion, bastardy, pederasty, onanism, masochism, and many Ch.274
- 5. Malpractice cases, involving the degree of care and skill usual, Ch.275
- 77. Staunton _v._ Parker, 19 Hun, 55, is thus overruled. Ch.276
- 493. Although this point was discussed, the case was really decided on Ch.277