Toadstools, mushrooms, fungi, edible and poisonous; one thousand American fungi

=B. bi´color= Pk.—two-color. (Plate CXVII, figs. 1, 2, p. 424.) =Pileus= convex, glabrous or merely pruinose-tomentose, dark-red, firm, becoming soft, paler and sometimes spotted or stained with yellow when old. =Flesh= yellow, not at all or but slightly and slowly changing to blue where wounded. =Tubes= nearly plane, adnate, bright-yellow, becoming ochraceous, slowly changing to blue where wounded, their mouths small, angular or subrotund. =Stem= subequal, firm, solid, _red, generally yellow at the top_. =Spores= pale, ochraceous-brown, 10–12.5×4–5µ. =Pileus= 2–4 in. broad. =Stem= 1–3 in. long, 4–6 lines thick. Woods and open places. New York, _Peck_; Wisconsin, _Bundy_. The color of this plant is somewhat variable. In the typical form the pileus and stem are dark red, approaching Indian red, but when old the color of the pileus fades and is often intermingled with yellow. The surface sometimes cracks and becomes cracked in areas. From the European B. Barlæ this species is separated by its solid stem; from B. versicolor by its small tube mouths and its red stem. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. Plentiful at Mt. Gretna, Pa., July, August, September, 1898, in mixed woods. Very variable in shape and color. Identified by Professor Peck from painting and description. Fine eating, one of the very best. =B. glabel´lus= Pk.—smooth. =Pileus= fleshy, thick, broadly convex or nearly plane, soft, dry, subglabrous, _smoky-buff_. =Flesh= _white_, both it and the tubes changing to blue where wounded. =Tubes= nearly plane, adnate, ochraceous, tinged with green, their mouths small, subrotund. =Stem= subequal, glabrous, even, reddish toward the base, pallid above, with a _narrow reddish circumscribing zone or line at the top_. =Spores= oblong, brownish-ochraceous, tinged with green when fresh, 10–12.5×4µ. =Pileus= 3–5 in. broad. =Stem= 1–3 in. long, 5–10 lines thick. Grassy ground under oaks. New York, _Peck_. The species is well marked by the reddish band or line on the stem just below the tubes, but this disappears in drying. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. =B. aluta´ceus= Morgan—yellowish. =Pileus= cushion-shaped, glabrous, _alutaceous_ with a tinge of red. =Flesh= _white, inclining to reddish_. =Tubes= semifree, medium in size, unequal, angular, greenish-yellow. =Stem= nearly equal, striate, reticulate at the apex, colored like the pileus. =Spores= fusiform, brownish-olive, 12.5×5µ. =Pileus= 3 in. broad. Rocky woods of oak and chestnut. Kentucky, _Morgan_. The general aspect of the figure of this species recalls some of the forms of Boletus subtomentosus. The tubes are nearly equal in length to the thickness of the flesh of the pileus. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. Quite frequent at Mt. Gretna, Pa., in mixed woods, principally oak and chestnut. Stem should be removed, and tubes when old. It cooks well and is especially good. =B. tenui´culus= Frost—thin. =Pileus= nearly plane, _thin_, lurid-red on a yellow ground. =Flesh= unchangeable. =Tubes= short, adnate, small, _golden-yellow_. =Stem= _slender_, equal, colored like the pileus. =Spores= 10×6µ. =Pileus= 1–2 in. broad. =Stem= 4–6 in. long. Woods. New England. _Frost._ The thin pileus and long slender stem readily distinguish this species. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. =B. auri´porus= Pk.—golden-pore. =Pileus= convex or nearly plane, glabrous or merely pruinose-tomentose, grayish-brown, yellowish-brown, or reddish-brown. =Flesh= white, unchangeable. =Tubes= plane or slightly depressed around the stem, adnate or subdecurrent, _bright golden-yellow, retaining their color when dried_. =Stem= equal or slightly thickened at the base, _viscid or glutinous when moist_, especially toward the base, colored like or a little paler than the pileus. =Spores= 7.5–10×4–5µ. =Pileus= 1–3 in. broad. =Stem= 1–3 in. long, 2–4 lines thick. Thin woods and shaded banks. New York, _Peck_; New England, _Frost_. This species is remarkable for the rich yellow color of the tubes, which is retained unchanged in the dried specimens, and for the viscid stem. This character, however, is not noticeable in dry weather and was overlooked in the original specimens. Boletus glutinipes Frost Ms. is not distinct. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. Hopkins' Woods, Haddonfield, N.J. Grassy oak woods. 1891–1894. _McIlvaine._ The caps are delicious. =B. innix´us= Frost. =Pileus= convex or nearly plane, glabrous, yellowish-brown, slightly cracked in areas when old, yellow in the interstices. =Flesh= white. =Tubes= adnate, lemon-yellow, unchangeable. =Stem= slender, short, much thickened at the base in large specimens, yellowish, streaked with brown, brownish within. =Spores= 10×5µ. Grassy woods. New England. _Frost._ The whole plant often reclines as if for support, _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. =B. parasi´ticu=s Bull.—a parasite. =Pileus= convex or nearly plane, dry, silky, becoming glabrous, _soon tessellately cracked_, grayish or dingy-yellow. =Tubes= decurrent, medium size, _golden yellow_. =Stem= equal, rigid, incurved, yellow without and within. =Spores= oblong-fusiform, pale-brown, 12.5–15×4µ. =Pileus= 1–2 in. broad. =Stem= 1–2 in. long, 2–4 lines thick. Parasitic on species of Scleroderma. New York, _Gerard_; New England, _Sprague_, _Bennett_. This species is very rare in this country. It is remarkable for its peculiar habitat. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. New York, _Lydia M. Patchen_; Westfield, on Scleroderma vulgare. I found many specimens of this rare species during August, 1897, growing on Scleroderma vulgare. Professor Peck, to whom I sent specimens, identified them as B. parasiticus. The tubes were large, unequal, dissepiments thin, decurrent. The Sclerodermas frequently appear to be parasitic upon the Boletus. I have seen the host plant thrown entirely free from the ground by the Boletus. B. parasiticus is edible, but it is not of agreeable flavor. =B. dictyoceph´alus= Pk.—reticulate. =Pileus= convex, glabrous, _reticulate with brown lines beneath the thin separable cuticle_, brownish-orange, darker in the center and there tinged with pink. =Flesh= white, unchangeable. =Tubes= nearly plane, slightly depressed around the stem, grayish-yellow, becoming brown where bruised. =Stem= equal or slightly tapering at the top, solid, rimose, dotted with scales, lemon-yellow, darker toward the base. =Spores= 15–20×6µ. =Pileus= 2.5 in. broad. =Stem= 3–4 in. long, 5–6 lines thick. Mixed woods. North Carolina. _C.J. Curtis._ The description here given has been derived from a single dried specimen and from the notes kindly sent by Mr. Curtis. The species is apparently well marked and very distinct by the peculiar reticulations of the pileus. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. =B. subgla´bripes= Pk.—rather smooth. =Pileus= convex or nearly plane, glabrous, reddish inclining to chestnut color. =Flesh= white, unchangeable. =Tubes= adnate, nearly plane in the mass, pale yellow, becoming convex and darker or greenish-yellow with age, the mouths small, subrotund. =Stem= equal, solid, scurfy, pale yellow. =Spores= oblong-fusiform, 12.5–15×4–5µ. The smoothish-stemmed Boletus is well marked by its cylindric minutely scurfy stem which is colored like the tubes. Its cap is smooth and nearly always some shade of red or bay. Specimens occur occasionally in which it approaches grayish-brown or wood-brown. The flesh is white and unchangeable when cut or broken. The tubes at first have a nearly plane surface, but this becomes somewhat convex with age, and slightly depressed around the stem. The tube mouths are small and nearly round. The color of the tubes is at first a beautiful pale yellow, but it becomes darker or slightly greenish-yellow with age. The stem is colored very nearly like the tubes, but sometimes it has a slight reddish tint toward the base. Its peculiar feature consists of the minute, branny particles upon it. They are so small and pale that they are easily overlooked. There is a variety in which the cap is corrugated or irregularly pitted and wrinkled. Its name is Boletus subglabripes corrugis Pk. The =cap= is 1½-4 in. broad, the =stem= is 2–3 in. long and 4–8 lines thick. The plants are found in woods in July and August. _Peck_, 51st Rep. N.Y. State Bot. =B. pal´lidus= Frost—pale. (Plate CXVII, fig. 4, p. 424.) =Pileus= convex, becoming plane or centrally depressed, soft, glabrous, pallid or brownish-white, sometimes tinged with red. =Flesh= white. =Tubes= plane or slightly depressed around the stem, nearly adnate, _very pale or whitish-yellow_, becoming darker with age, _changing to blue where wounded_, the mouths small. =Stem= equal or slightly thickened toward the base, rather long, glabrous, often flexuous, whitish, sometimes streaked with brown, often tinged with red within. =Spores= pale ochraceous-brown, 10–12×5–6µ. =Pileus= 2–4 in. broad. =Stem= 3–5 lines long, 4–8 lines thick. Woods. New England, _Frost_; New York, _Peck_. The species is readily recognized by its dull pale color, rather long stem, and tubes changing to blue where wounded. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. Common in West Virginia mountains, Angora, West Philadelphia, Mt. Gretna, Pa. Solitary, on ground in mixed woods. The caps are tender and delicately flavored. =B. rubropunc´tus= Pk.—red-dotted. (Plate CXVII, fig. 3, p. 424.) =Pileus= convex, glabrous, reddish-brown. =Flesh= yellowish, unchangeable. =Tubes= nearly plane, depressed about the stem, their mouths small, round, bright golden-yellow, not changing color where bruised. =Stem= firm, solid, tapering upward, yellow, punctate with reddish dots or squamules. =Spores= olive-green, 12.5×4–5µ. =Pileus= 1–2 in. broad. =Stem= 1–2 in. long, 3–6 lines thick. Woods. Port Jefferson. July. Cold Spring Harbor, _H.C. Beardslee_. This is a pretty Boletus, well marked by the red dots of the stem. It is apparently a very rare species. B. radicans is said to have the stem sprinkled with red particles, but that is a larger plant with the margin of the pileus persistently involute or incurved and with a radicating stem, characters which are not shown by our fungus. _Peck_, 50th Rep. N.Y. State Bot. I found my specimens at Mt. Gretna, Pa., August-September, 1898. Identified for the writer by Professor Peck from painting and description. Taste and smell slight. Cooks well and is pleasant to the taste. The tubes should be removed. SUBTOMENTO´SI—_sub_, _tomentosus_, downy. =Pileus= when young villose or subtomentose, rarely becoming glabrous with age, destitute of a viscid pellicle. =Tubes= of one color, adnate. =Stem= at first extended, neither bulbous nor reticulated with veins, wrinkled or striated in some species. =Flesh= in some changing color where wounded. The tubes are generally yellow or greenish-yellow. In some species they are occasionally somewhat depressed around the stem, but they do not form a rounded free stratum, nor, with the exception of B. rubeus, are they stuffed when young as in most of the Edules. The species are scarcely separable from those of the preceding tribe except by the more evidently tomentose young pileus. Tubes brown, becoming cinnamon B. variegatus Tubes not having these colors 1