Toadstools, mushrooms, fungi, edible and poisonous; one thousand American fungi

_Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. =B. specio´sus= Frost—handsome. =Pileus= at first very thick, subglobose, compact, then softer, convex, glabrous or nearly so, red. =Flesh= pale-yellow or bright lemon-yellow, changing to blue where wounded. =Tubes= adnate, small, subrotund, plane or but slightly depressed around the stem, bright lemon-yellow, becoming dingy-yellow with age, changing to blue where wounded. =Stem= stout, subequal or somewhat bulbous, reticulated, _bright lemon-yellow without and within_, sometimes reddish at the base. =Spores= oblong-fusiform, pale ochraceous-brown, 10–12.5×4–5µ. =Pileus= 3–7 in. broad. =Stem= 2–4 in. long, 10–24 lines thick. Thin woods. New England, _Frost_; New York, _Peck_. This is a very beautiful Boletus. When young the whole plant except the surface of the pileus is of a vivid lemon-yellow color. Wounds quickly change to green, then to blue. The color of the pileus approaches closely to solferino. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. Caps of specimens found in mixed woods at Mt. Gretna, Pa., were minutely areolate when old. Stems yellow at top and with purplish red over the bright yellow toward the bulbous base, solid, bright yellow within. Stems and caps are edible and rank high in flavor and texture. =B. illu´dens= Pk.—deceiving. (Plate CXVIII, fig. 3, p. 436.) =Pileus= convex, dry, subglabrous, yellowish-brown or grayish-brown, sometimes tinged with red, especially in the center. =Flesh= pallid or yellowish. =Tubes= bright yellow, plane or somewhat convex when old, adnate, their mouths angular or subrotund, often larger near the stem. =Stem= nearly equal, sometimes abruptly pointed at the base, glabrous, pallid or yellowish, coarsely reticulated either wholly or at the top only. =Spores= oblong or subfusiform, yellowish-brown tinged with green, 11–12.5×4–5µ. =Pileus= 1.5–3 in. broad. =Stem= 1.5–2.5 in. long, 3–5 lines thick. Woods and copses. Port Jefferson. July. _Peck_, 50th Rep. N.Y. State Bot. Found in plenty at Mt. Gretna, Pa., September, 1898. On ground and old stumps in mixed woods. Identified by Professor Peck. Taste and smell pleasant. Cooked as egg-plant it is one of the best. Remove tubes. =B. Peck´ii= Frost—after C.H. Peck. =Pileus= convex, firm, dry, subglabrous, _red, fading to yellowish-red or buff-brown_ with age, the margin usually retaining its red color longer than the disk. =Tubes= adnate or slightly decurrent, nearly plane, yellow, changing to blue where wounded. =Stem= equal or subventricose, reticulated, _red, yellow at the top_. =Spores= oblong, pale ochraceous-brown, 9–12×4–5µ. Var. _læ´vipes_. =Stem= reticulated above, even below. =Pileus= 2–3 in. broad. =Stem= 2–3 in. long, 3–6 lines thick. Woods of frondose trees. New York, _Peck_. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. =B. cal´opus= Fr. _Gr_—beautiful; _Gr_—foot. =Pileus= globose, then convex, unpolished, _subtomentose, olivaceous_. =Flesh= pallid, slightly changing to blue when wounded. =Tubes= adnate, their mouths minute, angular, yellow. =Stem= firm, conical, then elongated and subequal, reticulated, _wholly scarlet or at the apex only_, sometimes colored like the pileus toward the base. =Spores= fusiform, yellowish-brown, 7–8×3–4µ. =Pileus= 2–3 in. broad. =Stem= longer than the diameter of the pileus. Woods. North Carolina, _Schweinitz_, _Curtis_; Pennsylvania, _Schweinitz_; New England, _Sprague_, _Bennett_. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. =B. orna´tipes= Pk.—ornate-stem. (Boletus retipes, Rep. 23.) =Pileus= convex, firm, dry, glabrous or very minutely tomentose, _grayish-brown or yellowish-brown_. =Flesh= yellow or pale-yellow. =Tubes= adnate, plane, or concave, rarely convex, the mouths small or medium size, clear-yellow. =Stem= firm, subequal, distinctly and beautifully reticulated, yellow without and within. =Spores= oblong, _ochraceous-brown_, 12–16×4–5µ. =Pileus= 2–5 in. broad. =Stem= 2–4 in. long, 4–6 lines thick. Thin woods and open places. New York, _Peck_. The color of the tubes becomes darker with age, but it does not change to blue where wounded. The species is related to the next following one with which it has sometimes been confused, but from which it is clearly distinct. The color of the spores is quite dark and approaches snuff-brown. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. Edible. Good. =B. re´tipes= B. and C.—reticulate stem. =Pileus= convex, dry, _powdered with yellow_, sometimes rivulose or cracked in areas. =Tubes= adnate, yellow. =Stem= subequal, _cespitose_, reticulate to the base, _pulverulent below_. =Spores= _greenish-ochraceous_, 12–15×4–5µ. =Pileus= 1.5–2 in. broad. =Stem= 2 in. long, 3–6 lines thick. The tufted mode of growth, pulverulent pileus and paler-colored spores separate this species from the preceding one. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. West Virginia, 1882–1885. Mt. Gretna, Pa.; New Jersey, _McIlvaine_. The caps, alone, of this species, are desirable, the stems not cooking well. Its way of bunching itself gratifies the collector, as do its flavor and quality. =B. pa´chypus= Fr. _Gr_—thick-footed. =Pileus= convex, subtomentose, brownish or pale tan-color. =Flesh= thick, whitish, changing slightly to blue. =Tubes= rather long, _somewhat depressed around the stem_, their mouths round, pale-yellow, at length tinged with green. =Stem= thick, firm, reticulated, at first ovate-bulbous, then elongated, equal, _variegated with red and pale-yellow_. =Spores= large, _ovate_, pale yellowish-ochraceous, 12.5–14×5–6µ. =Pileus= 4–8 in. broad. =Stem= 2–4 in. long. Woods, either of pine or beech. This species is noted for its thick, stout stem, which sometimes attains a diameter of more than two inches. It approaches the Edules in habit, but according to Gillet it is poisonous, or at least to be suspected, has a penetrating unpleasant odor and a somewhat nauseous flavor. He also describes the pores as at first whitish. The stem is sometimes intensely blood-red. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. A common species in West Virginia mountains, 1881–1885, in beech groves. August to frost. It is rare in the pines of New Jersey, though I have found it there. Like B. felleus, its size and attractiveness induce the finder to over and over again try cooking it, hoping the discovery of a successful way to rid it of its unpleasantness. I have never succeeded. It is not poisonous. =B. rimosel´lus= Pk.—cracked. =Pileus= broadly convex, flat or irregular, glabrous, _tessellately cracked_, dark-brown. =Flesh= whitish. =Tubes= adnate or sinuately decurrent, somewhat depressed around the stem, pale-yellow, becoming _darker or brownish_ with age. =Stem= tapering upward, broadly reticulated with brown veins, _yellowish-white_. =Spores= _fusiform_, 15–17.5×5–6µ. =Pileus= 3–5 in. broad. =Stem= 3–4 in. long, 6–9 lines thick. Mixed woods. North Carolina, _C.J. Curtis_. I have described this species from the notes and a single dried specimen sent me by Mr. Curtis. More extended observation may require some modification of the description. The color of the spores is described as brown. They are remarkable for their size. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. =B. modes´tus= Pk.—modest. =Pileus= convex or nearly plane, often irregular, firm, dry, very minutely tomentose, _yellowish-brown_. =Flesh= gray or pinkish-gray. =Tubes= nearly plane, adnate or subdecurrent, the mouths angular, pale-ochraceous. =Stem= equal, reticulated, brown. =Spores= elliptical, 10×5µ. =Pileus= 2–3 in. broad. =Stem= 1–2 in. long, 2–4 lines thick. Grassy ground in thin woods. New York, _Peck_. Miss Banning finds in Maryland what appears to be a form of this species in which the part of the hymenium near the stem consists of lamellæ, the rest of tubes. The species needs further investigation. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. =B. Cur´tisii= Berk.—after Dr. Curtis. =Pileus= hemispherical or convex, _viscose, golden-yellow_. =Tubes= depressed around the stem, nearly free, their mouths umber, at length tawny. =Stem= slender, attenuated upward, polished, reticulated, straw-colored. =Spores= ferruginous, subelliptical, slightly attenuated at each end. =Pileus= 1 in. or more broad. =Stem= 2 in. long, 2–3 lines thick. Pine woods. North and South Carolina, _Curtis_. In the original description the stem of this species is said to be hollow. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. =B. gri´seus= Frost—gray. =Pileus= broadly convex, firm, dry, subglabrous, _gray or grayish-black_. =Flesh= whitish or gray. =Tubes= adnate or slightly depressed around the stem, nearly plane, their mouths small, subrotund, _white or whitish_. =Stem= equal or slightly tapering upward, distinctly reticulated, _whitish or yellowish_, sometimes reddish toward the base. =Spores= ochraceous-brown, 10–14×4–5µ. =Pileus= 2–4 in. broad. =Stem= 2–4 in. long, 3–6 lines thick. Thin woods and open places. New York, _Peck_. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. =B. flexuos´ipes= Pk.—flexuous stem. =Pileus= convex or plane, even, subtomentose, _pale-brown_. =Flesh= white, unchangeable, the cuticle separable. =Tubes= long, convex, _decurrent_, white or whitish, becoming brownish with age. =Stem= _flexuous_, solid, reticulated, whitish or pallid, _changing to brown where bruised_. =Spores= 7.5–10×4µ. =Pileus= 3–4 in. broad. =Stem= 4–6 in. long, 8–15 lines thick. Mixed woods. North Carolina, _C.J. Curtis_. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. =B. ferrugi´neus= Frost—rust color. =Pileus= convex, soft, subtomentose, dark reddish-brown. =Flesh= white, unchangeable. =Tubes= generally adnate, dingy-white, their mouths stained brown by the spores. =Stem= short, reticulated, dark-brown. =Spores= 10–13×6µ. =Pileus= 3–6 in. broad. Borders of woods. New England, _Frost_. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. Alabama, 1897. =B. rubigino´sus= Fr.—rusty. =Pileus= convex, soft, pubescent, soon bare, _brownish-rust color_. =Flesh= subspongy, white, unchangeable. =Tubes= _adnate_, their mouths unequal, white. =Stem= firm, stout, reticulated, at first _whitish or pallid_, then _yellowish_, subcinereous or yellowish-olivaceous where touched. =Pileus= 2–4 in. broad. =Stem= 2–3 in. long, 1 in. thick. Woods. North Carolina, _Curtis_. Although apparently distinct, this and the two preceding species are not sufficiently well known. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. =B. tabaci´nus= Und. =Pileus= fleshy, convex or nearly plane, subglabrous, often cracked in areas, tawny-brown. =Flesh= at maturity soft and similarly colored. =Tubes= concave or nearly plane, depressed around the stem, their mouths small, angular, colored like the pileus. =Stem= subequal, solid, reticulated, concolorous. =Spores= oblong or subfusiform, 12.5–14×5µ. =Pileus= 2.5–5 in. broad. =Stem= 1.5–3 in. long, 6–10 lines thick. Along road-sides. Alabama. May. _Underwood._ The species is referable to the section Calopodes, but the tubes are more or less depressed about the stem. _Peck_, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, Vol. 23, No. 10. EDU´LES—_edulis_, edible. =Tubes= subfree, rounded-depressed around the stem, their mouths not at first reddish, but commonly white-stuffed. =Stem= stout, bulbous as in the Luridi but not, with a few exceptions, reticulate nor dotted with pointed scales nor red. =Flesh= scarcely changeable. =Taste= pleasant. This tribe is not sharply limited but partakes to some extent of the characters of Calopodes and Luridi. From the former its nearly free and at first white-stuffed tubes and its generally even stem separate it, from the latter its tubes with concolorous mouths or at least with mouths not red or reddish when young will distinguish it. The species are generally of large or medium size and noted for their esculent qualities. Stem brownish-lilac or chocolate color 1 Stem some other color 2