Toadstools, mushrooms, fungi, edible and poisonous; one thousand American fungi

_Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. =B. cyanes´cens= Bull.—_cyaneus_, deep-blue. =Pileus= convex or nearly plane, opaque, floccose-scaly or covered with an appressed tomentum, pale-buff, grayish-yellow, yellowish or somewhat brown. =Flesh= rigid, white, _quickly changing to blue_ where wounded. =Tubes= free, white, becoming yellowish, the mouths minute, round, changing color like the flesh. =Stem= ventricose, hoary with fine hairs, stuffed, becoming cavernous, contracted and even at the top, colored like the pileus. =Spores= subelliptical, 10–12.5×6–7.5µ. =Pileus= 2–5 in. broad. =Stem= 2–4 in. long, 8–18 lines thick. Woods and open places. New York, _Peck_; New England, _Frost_, _Bennett_; Minnesota, _Johnson_; Wisconsin, _Bundy_. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. High ground in woods. Solitary. West Virginia mountains, Springton Hills, Pa., Kingsessing, Philadelphia, Mt. Gretna, Pa., _McIlvaine_. Boletus cyanescens is a sparse grower. The quality of the juice varies. That of young specimens stains the fingers blue, that of old, brown. The caps are firm and make an excellent dish cooked in any way. =B. casta´neus= Bull.—chestnut. (Plate CXIV, fig. 3, p. 414.) =Pileus= convex, nearly plane or depressed, firm, even, dry, minutely _velvety-tomentose, cinnamon or reddish-brown_. =Flesh= white, unchangeable. =Tubes= free, short, small, white becoming yellow. =Stem= equal or tapering upward, even, stuffed or hollow, clothed and colored like the pileus. =Spores= 10–12.5×6–7.5µ. =Pileus= 1.5–3 in. broad. =Stem= 1–2.5 in. long, 3–5 lines thick. Woods and open places. Rather common and wide spread. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. Boletus castaneus is one of the neatest looking of fungi. The prevailing color is cinnamon, that of the tubes white or very light yellow, spotted with brown wherever insects have touched them. The pore surface of mature specimens is usually irregular. Whoever has seen the stalagmites of Luray Cave will recognize their color on the stems of B. castaneus. These are brittle, snapping like pipe stems, with a small tube in center. The fungus is common from June until September. It is gregarious, occasionally three or four individuals form a group. Either raw or cooked the caps are edible and will become favorites. =B. Mur´rayi= B. and C. =Pileus= hemispherical, _granulated, vivid red_. =Flesh= yellow. =Tubes= decurrent, about 1 line deep, yellow. =Stem= clavate, even, pale-yellow. =Spores= pale-yellow. =Pileus= 2–3 in. broad, nearly 1.5 thick. New England, _Murray_. On account of the color of the spores this species has been placed with the Cariosi. The description does not mention the character of the interior of the stem, and the decurrent tubes depart from the character of the typical species so that its true position is uncertain. The species seems well marked by the character of the pileus. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. =B. isabelli´nus= Pk. =Pileus= convex, firm, minutely tomentose, whitish, becoming darker and smoother with age. =Flesh= isabelline. =Tubes= adnate, minute, sometimes larger near the stem, nearly round, whitish. =Stem= nearly equal, subglabrous, hollow, whitish. =Spores= subelliptical, 7.5–9×5–6µ. =Pileus= 2–3 in. broad. =Stem= 1–2 in. long, 4–6 lines thick. Woods. Ocean Springs, Miss. June. _Underwood._ The species belongs to the Cariosi. _Peck_, in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, Vol 24, No. 3. APPENDIX (Boletus). The descriptions of the following species are scarcely sufficient to permit of the satisfactory reference of the species to their places in the tribes. It is to be hoped that these plants may again be found and their proper relations be ascertained. =B. Ana´nas= Curt. =Pileus= pulvinate, thickly and rigidly floccose-verrucose, yellow, flocci white above, flesh-colored beneath, the margin thin, membranous, lacerated; hymenium plane, depressed around the stem, yellow or tawny-yellow, becoming greenish where wounded, their mouths medium size, obtusely angular. =Stem= even, solid, somewhat enlarged at the base, white. =Spores= ferruginous. =Pileus= 3–4 in. broad. =Stem= 3–4 in. long, 6–9 lines thick. Under prostrate trunks of pine trees. South Carolina, _Ravenel_; North Carolina, _Curtis_. This is said to approach S. strobilaceus in habitat, but to be otherwise very different. It is placed among the Subtomentosi in Sylloge, but from these it recedes by its floccose wart-like scales. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. =B. radico´sus= Bundy. =Pileus= thin, wide, recurved, yellow tinged with brown, the cuticle easily removed. =Flesh= pale-yellowish tinged with pink, not changing color when bruised. =Tubes= decurrent, large, uneven-mouthed, compound, angular, tinged with brown. =Stem= flexuous, yellow above, whitish below, rough with dark appressed scales, fibrous-rooted. =Pileus= 4 in. broad. =Stem= 3–4 in. long, 5 lines thick. Wisconsin, _Bundy_. The pileus is not described as viscid, but in other respects the species appears to belong to the Viscipelles and to be related to Boletus collinitus. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. =B. Po´cono= Schw. =Pileus= pulvinate, cervine (dun color), minutely covered with bundles of tomentum on the closely-inflexed margin. =Tubes= rather large, somewhat prominently angular, concolorous. =Stem= subattenuated, thickened toward the base, pallid-striate at the apex, elsewhere spadiceous, subfurfuraceous. =Pileus= 1 in. broad. Stem 2–3 in. long. Beech woods. Pennsylvania, _Schweinitz_. [Illustration] =STROBILO´MYCES= Berk. _Gr_—a pine cone; a fungus. (Plate CXXIV.) [Illustration: STROBILOMYCES STROBILACEUS. Two-thirds natural size. ] Hymenophore even. =Tubes= not easily separable from it, large, equal. =Pileus= and =stem= distinctly rough-scaled, the =flesh= tough. Syl. Fung., Vol. VI, p. 49. I have given Professor Saccardo’s emended diagnosis of this genus, because it expresses what appears to me to be the most important generic character, that is, tubes not easily separable from the hymenophore. By this character and by the tough substance the transition between Boletus and Polyporus is made. Tubes nearly equal in length S. strobilaceus Tubes shortened around the stem S. floccopus _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. =S. strobila´ceus= Berk. _Gr_—cone-like. (Plate CXXIV.) =Pileus= hemispherical or convex, dry, covered with thick floccose projecting blackish or blackish-brown scales, the margin somewhat appendiculate with scales and fragments of the veil. =Flesh= whitish, changing to reddish and then to blackish where wounded. =Tubes= adnate, whitish, becoming brown or blackish with age; their mouths large, angular, changing color like the flesh. =Stem= equal or tapering upward, sulcate at the top, floccose-tomentose, colored like the pileus. =Spores= subglobose, rough, blackish-brown, 10–12.5µ. =Pileus= 2–4 in. broad. =Stem= 3–5 in. long, 4–10 lines thick. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. West Virginia mountains, Pennsylvania, _McIlvaine_; Indiana, _H.I. Miller_. Common in woods and their margins, under the overhanging sods of washes and road-cuts. Often in troops, occasionally cespitose. The rough fuzzy cap reminds of short fur that has been wet and dried. Its appearance is unique among Boleti. Before cooking the stem and tubes should be removed, unless the latter are very firm and fresh. The squamules must be cut away or the dish will be rough. With many this Boletus is a prime favorite. It has a strong woody taste, sometimes musky, sometimes faintly of anisette. It cooks well by any method. =S. floc´copus= Vahl.—floccose-stemmed. =Pileus= convex, soft, covered with areas of bunched rough, scaly tomentum, cinereous, at length blackish, appendiculate with the silky, thick annular veil. =Tubes= _shortened behind_, their mouths large, whitish-gray. =Stem= stout, pitted above, umber-tomentose below. =Spores= perfectly globose, brown, 9µ broad. =Pileus= 4–5 in. broad. =Stem= 4–5 in. long, 1 in. thick. Woods. North Carolina and Pennsylvania, _Schweinitz_; Ohio, _Morgan_; New York, _Peck_. According to Fries this is a larger and firmer species than S. strobilaceus but manifestly related to it. The New York specimens which I have referred to it differ from S. strobilaceus in no respect, except in the tubes being depressed around the stem. Unless there are other differences in the European plant, it scarcely seems to me to be worthy of specific distinction. Boletus floccopus, Rost. tab. 40, is referred to Boletus scaber, as is B. holopus, Rost. tab. 48. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. I agree with Professor Peck that this species is not worthy of specific distinction. During 1898 I found a bunch containing eight individuals which varied through all botanic characteristics given to both species. The largest individual was 4½ in. across cap, the smallest 1½ in. On some the tubes were adnate, on others shortened behind. There was no difference in flavor excepting that due to age. [Illustration: PLATE CXXV.] FIG. PAGE. FIG. PAGE.