The Psychology of Management by Lillian Moller Gilbreth

over to the worker to be done. Programme as here used is a plan for doing work, the plan which the planning department lays out and hands over for the performers, or the workers, to do. UNDER TRADITIONAL MANAGEMENT NO ACCURATE PROGRAMME IS POSSIBLE.--Under Traditional Management the plan is at best a repetition of records of unscientifically planned work. The most that the managers can hope to do is to lay out the time in which they expect, after consulting previous elapsed time records, the work to be done. Methods are not prescribed, so there is no assurance that the calendar will be followed, for the times are set by guess, or at best by referring to old unscientifically made records. UNDER TRANSITORY MANAGEMENT CALENDARS CAN BE DESIGNED.--Under Transitory Management, with the introduction of systems, that is, records of how the work has been done best at various times, come methods and a possibility of a more exact calendar. There is some likelihood under Transitory System of the work being done on time, as the method has been considered and, in many cases, is specified. UNDER SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT ACCURATE CALENDARS POSSIBLE.--Under Scientific Management programmes are based on accurate records scientifically made and standardized, and a calendar may be made that can be conformed to with exactness. PROGRAMMES A MATTER OF ROUTING.--The problems of a programme under Scientific Management are two, both problems of routing:--