The Psychology of Management by Lillian Moller Gilbreth

TRADITIONAL MANAGEMENT SELDOM FUNCTIONALIZES.--Under Traditional Management the principle of Functionalization was seldom applied or understood. Even when the manager tried to separate planning from performing, or so to divide the work that each worker could utilize his special ability, there were no permanently beneficial results, because there was no standard method of division. THE WORK OF THE FOREMAN NOT PROPERLY DIVIDED.--The work of a foreman was not divided, but the well rounded man, as Dr. Taylor says,[6] was supposed to have