The Psychology of Management by Lillian Moller Gilbreth

(a) are prescribed by standards. The various physical habits of the man, the motions that are used, having all been timed and then standardized, the worker acquires physical habits that are fixed. (b) are taught;[1] therefore they are not remote but come actually and promptly into the consciousness and into the action of the worker. (c) are retained, because they are standard habits and because the rewards which are given for using them make it an object to the worker to retain them. (d) Are reënforced by individuality and functionalization; that is to say, the worker is considered as an individual, and his possibilities are studied, before he is put into the work; therefore, his own individuality and his own particular function naturally reënforce those habits which he is taught to form. These habits, being scientifically derived, add to physical improvement.