Olympic Victor Monuments and Greek Athletic Art by Walter Woodburn Hyde

(= Aristotle, fragm. 264), IV., p. 307 (= Apollas, fragm. 7). [428] Pollux, _Onomastikon_, II, 158, says that the cubit (πῆχυς) contains 24 δάκτυλοι or 6 παλασταί; it was therefore 18.25 inches and the finger 0.7 inch long. The Solonian cubit of 444 mm. gives 17.53 inches, the finger .73 inch, which makes Diagoros’ statue 6 feet 1.75 inches tall.Though the cubit was later lengthened to about 2 feet, the old size was retained for measuring wood and stone: _cf._ Boeckh, _Metrologische Untersuchungen_, 1838, p. 212. [429] Scherer, p. 11, gave its height as 6 feet and 5 inches. [430] Diagoras won in Ol. 79 (= 464 B. C.): P., VI, 7.1; Hyde, 59; Foerster, 220; _cf._ _Inschr. v. Ol._, 151 (renewed); Damagetos in Ols. 82-3 (= 452-448 B. C.): _Oxy. Pap._; P., VI, 7.1; Hyde, 62; Foerster, 253; _cf._ _Inschr. v. Ol._, 152. [431] _Inschr. v. Ol._, 165 (renewed); he won Ol. 82 (= 452 B. C.): _Oxy. Pap._; P., VI, 13.6; Hyde, 115; Foerster, 376. [432] _E. g._, _Inschr. v. Ol._, nos. 147-8, Tellon, who won the boys’ boxing match in Ol. 77 (= 472 B. C.): _Oxy. Pap._; P., VI, 10.9; Hyde, 102; Foerster, 237; _ibid._, 155 (renewed), Hellanikos, boy boxer, who won in Ol. 89 (= 424 B. C.): P., VI, 7.8; Hyde, 65; Foerster, 263; _ibid._, 158, boxer Damoxenidas, who won some time between Ols. 95 and 100 (= 400 and 380 B. C.): P., VI, 6.3; Hyde, 54; Foerster, 319; _ibid._, 164, Xenokles, boy wrestler, who won some time between Ols. (?) 94 and 100 (= 404 and 380 B. C.): P., VI, 9.2; Hyde, 85; Foerster, 308; _ibid._, 177, Telemachos, chariot victor some time between Ols. (?) 115 and 130 (= 320 and 260 B. C.): P., VI, 13.11; Hyde, 122; Foerster, 513. [433] _E. g._, _Inschr. v. Ol._, 182, Thrasonides, who won κέλητι πωλικῷ in the third century B. C. [434] Furtw., _Mp._, p. 246, fig. 99; _Mw._, p. 447, fig. 69. See p. 155. [435] See Chapter VI., _infra_, p. 295. [436] _H. N._, XXXIV, 65. [437] _Supra_, p. 28 and n. 1; _Bildw. v. Ol._, Textbd., pp. 216 f.; Tafelbd., Pl. LVI, 2-4; _cf._ Furtwaengler, _50stes Berl. Winckelmannsprogr._, 1890, pp. 147 f.; _cf._ _infra_, Ch. VII, pp. 324-5, _c. d. e._ [438] _Bildw. v. Ol._, Textbd., pp. 29 f; Tafelbd., Pl. VI, 1-4, 9-10; _cf._ _infra_, pp. 162-3. [439] See _Inschr. v. Ol._, pp. 234-5; _Bronz. v. Ol._, Textbd., pp. 10-12; _cf._ _infra_, p. 322 and notes 1-7. [440] _Bronz. v. Ol._, Textbd., pp. 10-11; Tafelbd., Pl. II, 2, 2_a_; F. W., no. 323; etc. [441] _Bronz. v. Ol._, Textbd., p. 12; Tafelbd., Pl. IV, 5, 5a; F. W., 325. [442] Furtw.-Urlichs, _Denkmaeler_, p. 104. On nudity and athletics, see the article by Furtwaengler, Die Bedeutung der Gymnastik in der griech. Kunst, in _Saemann’s Monatschr. fuer paedagog. Reform._, 1905; W. Mueller, _Nacktheit und Entbloessung in der alt-orient. und aelteren griech. Kunst_, Diss. inaug., Leipsic, 1906. [443] The boxer Euryalos “first put a cincture (ζῶμα) about him,” in his bout with Epeios: Iliad, XXIII, 683. See also XXIII, 710; Od., XVIII, 67 and 76. [444] _E. g._, wrestlers on a black-figured amphora in the Vatican: _J. H. S._, XXV, 1905, p. 288, fig. 24; boxers, runners, and a jumper on a b.-f. stamnos in the Bibliothèque Nationale at Paris (no. 252): Gardiner, p. 418, fig. 142, from de Ridder, _Cat. des vases peints_, I, p. 160. [445] _H. N._, XXXIV, 18. [446] Ph., 17. This mantle was called τρίβων—the “worn,” hence was thin and coarse; Hermann-Bluemner, _Griech. Privatalt._, p. 175; etc. [447] P., I, 44.1; Eustath., on Iliad, XXIII, 683, p. 1324, 12 f. Dionys. Hal., _Antiq. Rom._, VII, 72, says that it was the Spartan Akanthos, who won in a running race, _i. e._, δόλιχος, in Ol. 16; so also Afr.; see P., V, 8.6; Foerster, 17. Orsippos won the stade-race in Ol. 15: Afr.; Eustath., _l. c._; Dionys., _l. c._ Foerster, 16. But Didymos, schol. on Iliad, XXIII, 683, says that Orsippos won in Ol. 32 (= 652 B. C.); similarly _Etym. magn._, p. 242, _s. v._ γυμνάσια; however, Boeckh, _Kleine Schriften_, IV, p. 173, has shown that Ol. 15 is right. Isidoros, in a confused passage, _Orig._, XVIII, 17.2, says that athletes were early girded and dropped the loin-cloth in consequence of a runner getting weary, whence a decree of the time of the archon Hippomenes at Athens (Ol. 14.2) allowed athletes to contend nude; the same story is told in the _Schol. Venet._ on the Iliad, XXIII, 683; see Foerster, 16. [448] _A. G._, App. 272; Cougny, _Anth. Pal._, 1890, III (_App. nov._), p. 4, no. 24; P., I, 44.1, says that his tomb was near that of Koroibos. [449] _C. I. G._, I, 1050 (with Boeckh’s commentary on the loin-cloth); _C. I. G. G. S._, 52; Kaibel, _Epigr. Gr., ex lapid. conl._, 1878, no. 843; Frazer, II, p. 538. The schol. on Thukyd., I, 6, quotes four lines of it. The name was spelled Orrippos in the Megarian dialect. [450] Ph., 17. The story is told also by P., V, 6.7-8. Peisirhodos won in Ol. (?) 88 (= 428 B. C.): P., VI, 7.2; Hyde, 63; Foerster, 314. This brings the change near the end of the fifth century B. C. For the spelling of the name of the victor, see Foerster, _l. c._ [451] I. 6. Here the historian is speaking of athletes in general; Dionysios, VII, 72 and P., I, 44.1, speak only of runners. Scherer, p. 20, n. 1 (following Krause, I, pp. 405 and 501, n. 18) thought that the words of Thukydides (τὸ δὲ πάλαι) referred to the time antedating Ol. 15, and not later, and concluded that in wrestling (introduced in Ol. 18 = 708 B. C.) and boxing (introduced in Ol. 23 = 688 B. C.) the contestants were always nude. Boeckh, however, rightly concluded that the historian meant that in Ol. 15 only the runners laid off the loin-cloth, while other athletes did so just before his day: _C. I. G._, I, p. 554. [452] _De Rep._, 452 D. He says that the custom of nudity was introduced first by the Cretans and then by the Spartans. [453] Thus von Mach says (p. 240): “They were dedicatory statues representing events that had taken place in honor of the gods,” and adds that on such occasions persons were draped, except where such drapery would cause inconvenience, _i. e._, in gymnastic contests. [454] See Gardiner, p. 465, fig. 172. [455] _E. g._, the statue in the Palazzo dei Conservatori, Rome: Helbig, _Fuehrer_, II, no. 973 (fig. 29, p. 557, restored); _Guide_, 597 (fig. 28); Joubin, p. 134, fig. 40; Reinach, _Rép._, II, 2, 536.6; _B. Com. Rom._, XVI, 1888, Pls. XV, XVI, 1, 2, (two views) and XVIII (restored), pp. 335-365 (G. Ghirardini). [456] Pollux, III, 155, wrongly states that runners wore soft leathern boots (ἐνδρομίδες); these never appear on vases, as Krause, I, p. 362 and n. 5, and Gardiner, p. 273, point out, and were the usual footwear of messengers. _Cf._ Mueller, _Arch. d. Kunst_, §363, 6. [457] At Ephesos in Thukydides’ day: III, 104; earlier on Delos: Thukyd., _ibid._, and Homeric Hymn to the Delian Apollo, 146 f. Maidens and youths wrestled in the gymnasia on Chios: Athenæus, XIII, 20 (p. 566 e.); _cf._ Boeckh, _C. I. G._, II, text to no. 2214. [458] On athletic contests for women in Sparta, see Plutarch, _Lykourgos_, 14; Xen., _de Rep. lac._, I, 4. Aristoph., _Lysistr._, 80 f., says that the beauty and color of the Lakonian woman Lampito came from gymnastic exercises. [459] P., V, 6.7. He says that those who broke the Elean rule were thrown from Mount Typaion (a rock south of the river). Their exclusion was doubtless due to a religious taboo and not to modesty; Gardiner, p.