A Concise Dictionary of Middle English from A.D. 1150 to 1580 by Mayhew and Skeat

Cerchen, _v._ to search, MD; cergyn, Prompt.; serchen, MD; sherch, S3; seirsand, _pr. p._, S3; sherched, _pt. pl._, S3.—OF. _cercher_ (_sercher_); Lat. _circare_, to go round, from _circus_, a circle. Cercle, _sb._ circle, MD, C; sercle, Prompt., W2.—OF. _cercle_; Lat. _circulum_ (acc.), dimin. of _circus_. Cerclen, _v._ to circle, MD; sirculit, _pp._, S3.—OF. _cercler_; Lat. _circulare_. Circulat, _adj._ revolving, S3. Cere, _v._ to cover with wax, SkD, C3; cered, _pp._ shrouded in waxed cloth, SkD.—Lat. _cerare_, to wax, from _cera_, wax. Cere-cloth, _sb._ waxed linen (for dead bodies), Sh.; searcloth, SkD. Cerements, _sb. pl._ (see above), Sh. Cerge, _sb._ wax taper, MD; serge, MD, JD, Cath.; cerges, _pl._, S.—OF. _cerge_, _cierge_; Late Lat. _ceria_, fem. from Lat. _cereus_, from _cera_, wax. Cerial, _adj._ sacred to Ceres, C.—Lat. _Cerialis_, _Cerealis_. Ceriously, _adv._ minutely, with full details, S2, C3; see Seryowsly. Certes, _adv._ certainly, S, C2, C3; sertes, S2, PP; certis, S3, P.—OF. _certes_, (Constans): OSp. _certas_; Lat. _certas_, pl. f. of _certus_, certain. Ceruse, _sb._ ceruse, white lead, with which women painted their faces, MD; ceruce, C.—OF. _ceruse_ (Cotg.); Lat. _cerussa_; cp. Gr. κηρωτόν, a cerate or salve used as a cosmetic, from κηρός, bees-wax. Cessen, _v._ to cease, C2, C3; cesen, MD.—AF. _cesser_; Lat. _cessare_. Cetewale, _sb._ zedoary, a root resembling ginger, MD, C2, Prompt., SB; setewale, MD, HD; setwale, Prompt.; setuale, Prompt.; sedewale, MD; sedwale, MD; zedewale, Alph.—AF. _cetewale_, OF. _citoual_, _citouart_; Low Lat. _zedoarium_; Arab. _jadwár_ (from the Persian). Ceðen, _sb. pl._ countries, S; see Cuððe. Chaf, _sb._ chaff, straw, MD; chaff, MD; chaffe, W, Prompt.; chef, MD; caf, H; cafe, H.—AS. _ceaf_. Chaffare, _sb._ business, selling, merchandise, S2, C2, C3; chaffar, C3; chafare, S; cheffare, S; chapfare, MD; cheapfare, MD.—AS. _céap_ + _faru_, a journey, business; cp. Icel. _kaupför_. Chaffaren, _v._ to chaffer, S2, C3, P, W. Chaflet, _sb._ a small stage or platform, S3, HD.—A dimin. of OF. _chafaut_, _chaffaut_, see Ducange (s.v. _chaaffallum_). See Skaffaut. Chaine, _sb._ chain; chayne, MD; cheyne, Prompt., C2; chyne, MD.—AF. _chaine_ (_cheine_); OF. _chaäine_, _cadene_; Lat. _catena_. Chaire, seat, chair, MD; chayere, MD; chaier, W2; chaere, S, MD.—AF. _chaiëre_, _chayëre_, seat, throne; Lat. _cathedra_; Gr. καθέδρα. Chald, _adj._ cold, S; see Cold. Chalenge, _sb._ false claim, accusation, claim, MD, W2; calenge, MD; chalaunge, MD.—AF. _chalenge_, _chalange_, OF. _calenge_; Lat. _calumnia_. Chalengen, _v._ to accuse, charge, claim, MD, W, S2, P; chalange, H; calengynge, _pr. p._, W2; chalangede, _pt. s._, S2; chalanged, _pp._ accused, P.—AF. _chalenger_, _chalanger_, ‘calumniate.’ Chalengere, _sb._ accuser, W2. Chamber, _sb._ chamber, MD; chambur, MD; schambyr, Voc.; chambre, C2, C3, PP; chombre, MD; chaumbre, MD, PP; chawmere, MD; chamer, Voc.; chalmer, S3.—AF. _chambre_; Lat. _camera_. Chamberere, _sb._ handmaid, MD, S2, C2; chambrere, MD; chomberier, MD.—OF. _chamberiere_. Chamberling, _sb._ chamberlain; chaumberling, MD; chamberlein, MD; schamberleyne, Voc.; chamberlayn, MD; chamerlane, Voc.—OF. _chambrelenc_ (cp. It. _camerlengo_ in Florio); OHG. _chamarlinc_; Lat. _camera_ + OHG. _-linc_. On the suffix see SkD. Chamelle; see Camel. Chamelot, _sb._ camlet, S3; see Camelot. Champaine, _adj._ and _sb._ level, level country, CM, S3.—AF. _champaigne_. Champartie, _sb._ share in land, partnership in power, C; chanpartye, S3.—OF. _champart_, field-rent, see Cotg.; Lat. _campi partem_. Champion, _sb._ a fighter in the duel, a champion, MD; champioun, C, G.—AF. _champion_; Late Lat. _campionem_. Chan-; see Chaun-. Chanoun; see Canoun. Chape, _sb._ the locket of a scabbard, Cotg., Cath.; schape, Cath. (_n._).—OF. _chappe_ (Cotg.). Chapele, _sb._ chapel, S, MD; chapelle, MD; schapelle, Voc.—AF. _chapele_, OF. _capele_; Church Lat. _capella_. Chapelein, _sb._ chaplain, MD; chapeleyne, MD, C; chapeleyns, _pl._, S2.—AF. _chapelein_; Church Lat. _capellanus_. Chapiter, _sb._ the capital of a column, SkD.—OF. _chapitel_; Lat. _capitellum_, dimin. of _caput_. Chapitre, _sb._ a chapter, division of a book, a meeting of clergy, MD, PP; chapiter, S3; chapitere, PP; chapitle, PP; chapitele, PP; capitle, summary, W.—OF. _chapitre_, _chapitle_; Lat. _capitulum_, dimin. of _caput_. Chapitre-hous, _sb._ chapter-house, PP; chapitel-hous, PP. Chapman, _sb._ merchant, C, PP; chapmon, S2, PP; chepmon, S; chapmen, _pl._, S, S2, C3, PP.—AS. _céapman_. Chapmanhode, _sb._ trade, S2, C3. Chapolory, _sb._ a kind of scarf, S3; see Scaplorye. Char, Chare, _sb._ car, S3; see Carre. Charbocle, _sb._ carbuncle (stone), C2; see Carboncle. Charen, _v._ to turn, S; see Cherren. Charge, _sb._ a load, injunction, responsibility, MD, S2, C3, C, W; charche, MD; carke, S3; karke, MD; cark, MD, G.—AF. _charge_, also _kark_. Chargen, _v._ to put a load on, to enjoin, MD, S2; to care for, W, W2; charchyng, _pr. p._, S3; y-charged, _pp._, S2; charged, S2.—AF. _charger_; OF. _cargier_; Late Lat. _carricare_. See Carry. Chargeouse, _adj._ burdensome, W; chariouse, W2. Charitee, _sb._ charity, C2; charyte, S2; charite, MD, S2, G; carited, S; kariteþ, MD.—AF. _charite_, OF. _caritet_, Prov. _caritat_; Lat. _caritatem_. Cf. Cherte. Chariȝ, _adj._ sad, S.—AS. _cearig_; cp. OS. _karag_. See Care. Charnel, _sb._ charnel-house, P, SkD.—AF. _charnel_, _carnel_; Lat. _carnalem_. Chartre, _sb._ prison, S, MD.—OF. _chartre_, Ps. 141. 7; Lat. _carcerem_, see Brachet. For _tr_ from original _cr_, compare OF. _veintre_; Lat. _vincere_. Chartre, _sb._ charter, S, PP.—AF. _chartre_; Lat. _chartula_, dimin. of _charta_. Chase, _sb._ hunting, pursuit, also, hunting-ground, MD; chas, MD; chays, S3.—AF. _chace_, hunting-ground. Chaser, _sb._ hunter (horse), chaser, MD; chaseris, _pl._, S2. Chastelet, _sb._ little castle, domain, P.—OF. _chastelet_ (Cotg.). See Castel. Chasteleyne, _sb._ castellan, MD.—AF. _chasteleyn_. Chastien, _v._ to chastise, MD, S; chaste, S2, C2, P.—AF. _chastier_, OF. _castier_; Lat. _castigare_. Chastisen, _v._ to chastise, MD; chastyse, C2. Chastyng, _sb._ chastisement, P. Chaud, _adj._ hot, S2, PP.—OF. _chaud_, _chald_; Late Lat. _caldum_; from Lat. _calidus_. Chaunce, _sb._ chance, S2, C2, C3; cheance, MD; cheaunce, MD; chans, MD; chance, S3.—OF. _cheance_; Late Lat. _cadentia_, a falling, from _cadere_. Chauncel, _sb._ chancel, Prompt.; chauncell, Palsg.; chawnsylle, Voc.—OF. _chancel_; Late Lat. _cancellus_, chancel, screen; cp. Lat. _cancetti_, pl., latticework, dimin. of _cancri_, lattice work, from _cancer_, a crab. See Canker. Chaunceler, _sb._ chancellor, Prompt.; chanceler, MD; cancaler, S.—AF. _chanceler_, OF. _cancelier_; Late Lat. _cancellarius_. Chauncellerie, _sb._ chancery, MD; chancelerie, MD.—AF. _chauncelerie_. Chauncerye, _sb._ chancery, MD.—AF. _chancerie_. Chaunge, _sb._ change, C2. Chaungen, _v._ to change, MD, S2; chaungi, S; chongen, S2; i-changet, _pp._, S.—AF. _changer_; OF. _changier_, _cangier_; Low Lat. _cambiare_, to barter. Chaunger, _sb._ money-changer, W. Chaungyng, _sb._ changing, W2. Chaunterie, _sb._ chantry for singing masses for the dead, C.—AF. _ckaunterie_, OF. _chanterie_; Late Lat. _cantaria_, from Lat. _cantare_, to sing. Chavel, _sb._ the jaw, MD; chavyl, MD; chawle, MD; chaul, MD; choule, MD; chol, S3; choll, MD.—AS. _ceafl_. See further in SkD (s.v. _jowl_). Chavyl-bone, _sb._ jaw-bone, Prompt.; chavylbon, MD. Che-; see Chi-. Cheap, _sb._ bargain, S; see Chepe. Cheap-ild, _sb._ a female trader, S. See -ild. Chearre, _v._ to turn, S; see Cherren. Cheas, _pt. s._ chose, S; see Chesen. Checker, _sb._ exchequer, S3; see Escheker. Cheef, _sb._ and _adj._ head, upper part, chief, MD, PP; chief, MD; cheff, PP; chef, MD; chyf, PP.—OF. _chef_ (AF. _chief_) _cheve_; Late Lat. _capum_ (acc.); cp. It. _capo_, Sp. _cabo_. Cheef-mete, _sb._ chief meat, PP, S2. Chees; see Chesen. Cheest; see Chest. Cheffare, _sb._ business, S; see Chaffare. Chekelew, _adj._ suffocating, HD; see -lewe. Cheken, _v._ to choke, suffocate, MD, Prompt., SkD. See NED (s.v. _achoke_). Cheker, _sb._ exchequer, PP; see Escheker. Cheld, _adj._ cold, S2; see Cold. Chelde, _sb._ cold, PP. Chelden, _v._ to grow cold, S; kelde, MD.—AS. _cealdian_. Chĕle, _sb._ chill, S, S2; see Chil. Chĕle, _sb._ throat, fur made up from the fur about the marten’s throat, S; cheole, MD; chelle, MD.—AS. _ceole_, the throat; cp. OHG. _chĕla_ (G. _kehle_). See Merthes-chele. Chelle, _sb._ bowl, incense-vessel, S.—AS. _ciella_ (_cylle_), a vessel for drinking; cp. OHG. _chella_. Chemys, _sb._ chief mansion, JD; see Chymmys. Chene; see Chyne. Cheosen; see Chesen. Chepe, _sb._ bargain, business, MD; cheap, S. _Phr._: good chepe, cheap, MD; gret chep, plenty, cheapness, MD; to good cheep, too cheaply, G.—AS. _céap_, business, purchase, price, also, cattle; Icel. _kaup_, bargain; cp. OHG. _kouf_ (Otfrid). Chepe, _sb._ Cheapside, S3, P. Chepen, _v._ to transact business, buy or sell, MD, S; chepet, _pp._, S.—AS. _céapian_, to bargain. Cheping, _sb._ market, W; chepynge, S2, P.—AS. _céapung_, trade, commerce. Chepmon; see Chapman. Cher, _adj._ dear, PP; chere, MD. _Phr._: cher ouer, careful of, PP.—OF. _cher_; Lat. _carum_. Cherarchy, _sb._ an assembly of holy rulers, a hierarchy, S3; yerarchy, SkD (p. 810).—OF. _hierarchie_; Gr. ἱεραρχία; cp. It. _gerarchía_, a hierarchy of angels (Florio). Cherche, _sb._ church, S2, C3; see Chirche. Chere, _sb._ a time, S; see Cherre. Chere, _sb._ face, friendly welcome, S, MD, S2, S3, C3, G, C2; chiere, S3; cheare, S3; cheere, G; cher, S2; cheer, W; cheres, _pl._, wry faces, S.—AF. _chere_, countenance, OF. _chere_, head (Roland); Low Lat. _cara_, the face, head; Gr. κάρα; see Ducange. Cp. E. _cheer_. Cheren, _v._ to make good cheer, to make glad, MD, Prompt., S. Cheriche, _v._ to cherish, PP; cheryce, C2.—OF. _cherir_ (pr. p. _cherissant_). Cherissing, _sb._ cherishing, PP. Cherl, _sb._ peasant, S, S2, C2, C3; chorle, Prompt.; churle, Voc.—AS. _ceorl_; cp. MHG. _kerl_. Cf. Carl. Cherliche, _adv._ dearly, fondly, PP; cherli, S2. See Cher. Cherre, _sb._ a turn, space of time, business, affair, job, MD; chere, S; char, MD; chore, SkD (p. 792).—AS. _cerr_ (_cirr_, _cyrr_); cp. OHG. _chér_. Cherren, _v._ to turn, MD; chearre, S; churren, S; charen, S; cherde, _pt. pl._, S.—AS. _cerran_ (_cirran_); cp. OHG. _kéren_ (Otfrid). Cherte, _sb._ charity, MD: friendship, S3.—OF. _cherte_; Lat. _caritatem_. Cf. Charitee. Cherubim, _sb. pl._ cherubim; cherubym, W2 (Ps. 17. 12); cherubin, S2; cherubyn, H.—Church Lat. _cherubim_ (Vulg.); Heb. _cherubim_, pl. of _cherub_. Cp. OF. _cherubins_, PS. 17. 10. Chervelle, _sb._ chervil, PP; cherefelle, Alph.; chiruylles, _pl._, PP.—AS. _cærfille_, (Voc.); Lat. _caerifolium_; Gr. χαιρέφυλλον; cp. OF. _cerfueil_ (Cotg.). Chery, _sb._ cherry, Voc.; chere, Voc.—OF. _cerise_; Late Lat. _cerasea_, adj. from _cerasum_, cherry; from Gr. κέρασος, cherry-tree; see Diez. Cf. Chiries. Chesbolle, _sb._ a small onion, poppy-head, Voc.; chesebolle, HD; chessebolle, HD; chespolle, Voc. Chese, _sb._ cheese, MD, Voc., S (18. 643); schese, Voc.; cæse, S.—OMerc. _cése_ (OET), AS. _cǽse_; Lat. _caseus_. Chesen, _v._ to choose, S, S2, C2, C3, G; cheosen, S, S2, MD; ches, _imp. s._, S2; chees, C3; choyss, S3; cheas, _pt. s._, S; ches, MD, S2; chees, MD, S2, C2, C3; chesit (_weak_), S3; curen, _pl._, MD; cusen, S; icoren, _pp._, S; ychose, PP; cosan, S.—AS. _céosan_, pt. _céas_ (pl. _curon_), pp. _coren_. Chesible, _sb._ chasuble, P; chesibylle, Voc.; chesyble, Palsg.; chesypyl, Voc.; chesypylle, Prompt.—OF. *_chasible_, cp. Church Lat. _casibula_, _casubula_ (OF. _chasuble_); from _casula_, a sacerdotal vestment, from Lat. _casa_, a cottage. Chesoun, _sb._ cause, account, MD; chesun, S2, H; cheson, H. See Achesoun. Chest, _sb._ jangling, strife, MD, P; cheast, MD; cheaste, MD; cheste, G, S; cheestis, _pl._, W.—AS. _céast_. Chest, _sb._ chest, ark, coffin, PP, MD; chæst, MD; cæste, _dat._, S. Cf. Kist. Chesten, _sb._ chestnut-tree, Manip.; chesteyn, C, MD; cheston, Voc.—AF. _chestaine_, OF. _chastaigne_; Lat. _castanea_; from Gr. κάστανον. Chesten-tre, _sb._ chestnut-tree, MD; chestantre, Voc. Chesun, _sb._ cause, occasion, account, S2, H; see Chesoun. Chesunabile, _adj._ open to an accusation, H. Cheðen, _sb. pl._ countries, S; see Cuððe. Cheuaunce, _sb._ gain, profit, MD. Cheuen, _v._ to succeed, to attain one’s end, MD, C3, P; cheeuen, S2.—OF. _chevir_, from _chef_. See Cheef. Cheuesance, _sb._ success, profit, agreement, MD, PP; cheuisaunce, agreement, bargain, PP, C.—OF. _chevisance_. Cheuesen, _v._ to procure, to get, MD; chevisen, MD; cheviss, to achieve one’s purpose, S2; cheuyce, to lend, S3.—OF. _chevir_ (pr. p. _chevissant_). Cheuetayn, _sb._ captain, S2; cheueteyn, MD; cheventeyn, S2, PP, C; cheuentayn, MD, PP; chefetayn, MD; chiveteyn, MD; chiftaigne, PP.—AF. _chevetayn_ (_cheventeyn_); Late Lat. _capitaneum_, from Lat. _capit-_ stem of _caput_, head. Cf. Capitain. Chewen, _v._ to chew, S, S2; cheowen, MD.—AS. _céowan_, pt. _céaw_ (pl. _cuwon_), pp. _cowen_. Cheyne, _sb._ chain, C2; see Chaine. Chibolle, _sb._ a small kind of onion, MD, S2, P; chebole, a young onion, Palsg.; chibole, PP; schybbolle, Voc.; chesbolle, Voc.—OF. _ciboule_; Late Lat. _caepulla_ from Lat. _caepa_, onion. Cp. It. _cipolla_, cyboll (Florio) and G. _zwiebel_, onion (Weigand). Chiden, _v._ to chide, dispute, MD; chid, MD; _imp. s._, S; chit, _pr. s._, MD, C3; chidden, _pt. pl._, S, W.—AS. _cídan_, pt. _cídde_. Chil, _sb._ chill, coolness, MD, SkD; chele, S, S2, P.—AS. _ciele_ (Voc.), _cyle_. Chilce, _sb._ childishness, S. _Chilc_; for AS. _cild_ + _s_; see Sievers, 258. For the French spelling, cf. Milce. Child, _sb._ child, the child of a noble house, a title of honour, young knight, S; cild, S, MD; childre, _pl._, S, S3; childer, MD, S, S2; cyldren, S; cheldren, S; childrene, _gen._, S.—AS. _cild_, pl. _cild_, also _cildru_, and in ONorth. _cildo_, _cildas_. Childen, _v._ to bring forth children, W2. Child-had, _sb._ childhood, S; childhede, _dat._, C2.—AS. _cildhád_. Chimney, _sb._ furnace, oven, also, fireplace, Sh., PP (_n._); chymney, W; chymneye, PP.—AF. _chimenee_, OF. _cheminee_; Late Lat. _caminata_, a room with a stove; from Lat. _caminus_, a furnace; Gr. κάμινος. Chinche, _adj._ and _sb._ niggardly, a niggard, MD, CM; chiche, MD; chynchis, _pl._, H.—OF. _chiche_, miserable, niggardly (Cotg.): Sp. _chico_, small; Lat. _ciccum_ (acc.), the core of a pomegranate, a mere trifle. Chinchen, _v._ to be niggardly, Prompt. Chincherie, _sb._ miserliness, Prompt. Chirche, _sb._ church, S, S2, W2, PP, CM; churche, S, S2, PP; cherche, S2, C3; kirke, S, S2, P; kyrke, P, Voc., S3; kirc, S2; circe, S, Voc.; cyrce, S.—AS. _cyrce_; cp. OHG. _kirichâ_ (Tatian). Chirche-gong, _sb._ churching of women, S2, MD.—Cp. Icel. _kirkju-ganga_. Chirche-haie, _sb._ cemetery, MD; chyrchehaye, Voc. Chirche-ȝeard, _sb._ church-yard, MD; chyrcheȝarde, Prompt.; kyrkeȝerde, Voc.; kyrgarth, Voc.; cyrce-iærd, S.—Icel. _kirkju-garðr_. Chirch-socne, _sb._ congregation, S.—AS. _ciric-sócn_ (Schmid); cp. Icel. _kirkju-sókn_. Chiries, _sb. pl._ cherries, S2, P. See Chery. Chiri-tyme, _sb._ cherry-time, P. Chirken, _v._ to twitter, chirp, MD, CM. Chirkyng, _sb._ a grating, stridulent, hissing sound, C, CM; chyrkynge, _sibilatus_, Prompt. Chirm, _sb._ noise of birds, MD; charm, ND; chirme, _dat._, S.—AS. _cirm_, _cyrm_. Chirmen, _v._ to chirp and twitter, MD; cherme, Palsg.; chyrmys, _pr. s._, S3. See SkD (s.v. _chirp_), and Brugrnann, § 420. Chisel, _sb._ chisel, MD; chysel, Prompt.; chyssell, S3; chesyll, MD; scheselle, Voc.; sceselle, Voc.—North F. _chisel_, OF. _cisel_, It. _cesello_, see SkD (p. 793). Chit, _pr. s._ disputes, C3; see Chiden. Chiteren, _v._ to twitter, MD, CM; to chatter, C3. Chitering, _sb._ twittering, MD; chyteryng, S2. Chivache, _sb._ riding, expedition, CM, MD, C3; chivachie, C; chevache, CM.—AF. _chivauche_, _chevauchee_, OF. _chevalchee_, from _chevalchier_, to ride on horseback, from _cheval_, horse; Lat. _caballum_, (acc.). See Capul. Chiualer, _sb._ chevalier, knight, PP; cheualere, MD.—AF. _chevaler_. Chivalrie, _sb._ the knights of Christendom, S2; chevalrye, MD; chyvalrie, knightly deeds, MD; chiualrye, C2.—AF. _chivalrie_, _chevalerie_. Chiueren, _v._ to shiver, tremble, Prompt., SkD (s.v. _shiver_); cheueren, PP; sheeuering, _pr. p._, S3.—Cp. Du. _huiveren_, to shiver. Chiueringe, _sb._ shivering, trembling; chyuerynge, Prompt., p. 75; chyueryng, Palsg., Prompt. Chois, _sb._ and _adj._ choice, MD, C2; choys, MD, C, C2.—OF. _chois_, _cois_, from _choisir_, _coisir_, to choose. Of Teutonic origin. See Chesen. Choisly, _adv._ choicely, MD; chysly, S2. Chol; see Chavel. Chold, _adj._ cold, S; see Cold. Choppen, _v._ to chop, cut, mince, MD; chappyd, _pp._, MD. Chorle; see Cherl. Chrisolyte, _sb._ chrysolite, 3; crysolyt, SkD.—Lat. _chrysolithus_ (Vulg.); Gr. χρυσόλιθος, ‘gold stone.’ Chronique, _sb._ chronicle, C; see Cronique. Churren, _v._ to turn, S; see Cherren. Chymmys, _sb._ chief mansion, S3; chemys, JD.—OF. _chef_ + _mes_ (Bartsch.), _chefmois_, chief manor house (Cotg.); Late Lat. _capmansum_ (acc.); see Ducange (s.v. _caput mansi_). See Cheef. Chymney, _sb._ furnace, W; see Chimney. Chynchis, _sb. pl._ niggards, H; see Chinche. Chyne, _sb._ chink, fissure, W2; chenes, _pl._, S2, MD; chynnes, S3.—AS. _cínu_. Chynnyng, _sb._ chink, S3. Chyp, _v._ to chip, S3. See Choppen. Chyrmen, _v._ to chirp, S3; see Chirmen. Chysly, _adv._ choicely, S2; see Choisly. Chyssell, _sb._ chisel, S3; see Chisel. Ciclatun, _sb._ a costly silk texture, S; ciclatoun, MD, C2; siclatoun, MD; ciclatuns, _pl._, S.—OF. _ciclatun_ in Roland (cp. Icel. _siklatun_); cp. Arab. _siqlát_, a fine cloth. Cipres, _sb._ cypress, MD; ciprees, C2; cypres, Palsg.; cipresse, MD.—OF. _cypres_; Lat. _cupressus_, _cyparissus_; Gr. κυπάρισσος. Circe, _sb._ church, S, Voc.; see Chirche. Circe-wican, _sb. dat._ church-dwelling, S. Cisterne, _sb._ cistern, Joseph’s pit, MD, Cath.; sisterne, MD; sesterne, Prompt.—Lat. _cisterna_, (Vulg.). Cisternesse, _sb._ Joseph’s pit, S. Citee, _sb._ city, MD, C2, C3; cyte, MD; syte, Prompt.; scite, S; citee, MD, C2, C3; cite, S, S2, Cath.—AF. _cite_, OF. _citet_; Lat. _ciuitatem_, a community of citizens. Citesein, _sb._ citizen, MD; citeseyn, W (Acts 22. 26); cytezeyne, Prompt.—AF. _citeseyn_, _citezein_: Prov. _ciutadan_, _ciptadan_; Late Lat. *_civitadanum_. Citiner, _sb._ citizen, JD; cyttenere, Voc. Citole, _sb._ cithern, C, MD, CM; cytole, Voc.—AF. _citole_, OF. _cytholle_ (= Lat. _cithara_), Ps. 56. 8; cp. Low Lat. _citola_, (Voc.); Lat. _cithara_; Gr. κιθάρα, also κίθαρις; cp. Chaldee _qīthārōs_, Dan. 3. 5. See Giterne. Citolerer, _sb._ a player on the cithern; cytolerer, Voc. Citrinacioun, _sb._ the turning to the colour of citron (in alchemy), C3, CM. Citrine, _adj._ citron-coloured, MD.—OF. _citrin_; Lat. _citrinus_. Citur, _sb._ citron-tree, MD. _Comb._: cytyr-tre, Prompt.; citur tree, MD.—OF. _citre_; Lat. _citrum_ (acc.). Clam, _adj._ sticky, H, MD. Clam, _pt. s._ climbed, S2; clamb, C2; see Climben. Clanlych, _adv._ purely, S2; see Clene. Clappen, _v._ to make a noise like the clapper of a mill, MD, Palsg.; to chatter, C2, C3.—Icel. _klappa_. Clapping, _sb._ chatter, idle talk, C2. Clapsen, _v._ to clasp, C, CM; see Claspen. Claret, _sb._ a spiced wine, MD, Prompt. clare, MD; clarre, C, MD; clarry, MD.—OF. _claret_ (AF. _clare_); Late Lat. _claretum_ and _claratum_. See Clere. Clarifien, _v._ to glorify, MD, W, H (Ps. 19, 1).—OF. _clarifier_; Lat. _clarificare_ (Vulg.). Clarioun, _sb._ clarion, C, MD; claryone, Prompt.—OF. _clarion_ (F. _clairon_). See Clere. Clarre, _sb._ a spiced wine, C, CM; see Claret. Claspen, _v._ to clasp, Palsg.; clapsen, C, CM. Clauster, _sb._ cloister, MD; closter, MD; claustres, _pl._, S2.—Lat. _claustrum_ (_clostrum_), whence Icel. _klaustr_, AS. _clúster_. Cf. Cloister. Claver, _sb._ clover, _trifolium_, Voc., MD; clavyr, S3; clovere, Voc.—AS. _cláfre_ (OET.), also _clœfre_, (Voc.); cp. Dan. _klöver_. Claw, _sb._ hoof, Voc.; clau, Voc.; clawwess, _pl._, S; cluvis, S3; clawes, claws of bird, C2.—AS. _cláwu_, hoof; cp. Icel. _klauf_, see Weigand (s.v. _klaue_). Clawen, _v._ to scratch, stroke, MD; clowe, to scratch, PP. _Phr._: to claw the back, to flatter, S3. _Comb._: claw-back, _sb._ flatterer, sycophant, Cotg. (s.v. _flateur_). Cleche, _sb._ hook, MD; cleek, HD. Clechen, _v._ to seize, MD, HD; cleke, MD; cleikis, _pr. s._, S3; clahte, _pt. s._, MD; claucht, _pp._, MD. Cled, _pt. s._ clothed, S3; see Clothen. Clee, _sb._ hoof, W2.—AS. _cléo_. See Claw. Clef, _pt. s._ split, S2; see Cleuen. Clei, _sb._ clay, W2, MD; cley, Prompt.; W (John 9. 6), Voc.—AS. _clæg_. Clemen, _v._ to plaster with clay, to, daub, to smear, MD, S2; clemyd, _pp._, glued, H.—AS. _clǽman_, from _clám_, clay. Clenchen, _v._ to clench, seize, PP; to twang the harp, S; clenten, _pt. pl._, embraced, S; cleynt, _pp._, fixed, MD.—Cp. OHG. _klenken_ (in _in-klenken_), to fasten (Otfrid). Clene, _adj._ clean, MD, S; _adv._ entirely, _penitus_, MD, S, S2; clenner, _comp._, W2.—AS. _clǽne_; cp. OHG. _kleini_, fine, tender, _kleino_, ‘penitus’ (Otfrid). Clengen, _v._ to cling, S2; see Clingen. Clenlich, _adj._ cleanly, MD; clenliche, _adv._ purely, S; clanlych, S2; clennlike, S; clenli, entirely, S.—AS. _clǽnlic_. Clennes, _sb._ purity, S2; clennesse, W2; clenesse, S.—AS. _clǽnnis_. Clensien, _v._ to cleanse, MD; clansi, S; clennsenn, S; y-clense, S3.—AS. (_ge_) _clǽnsian_, see Sievers, 185. Clensinge, _sb._ cleansing, S. Cleo; see Clyffe. Clepen, _v._ to call, S2, C2, W, W2; clepien, S; cleopien, S; clupien, MD, S2 cleopede, _pt. s._, S; clupede, S; clepide, S2, W; clepte, S2; clepud, S2; clepet, S2; clepit, S3; i-cleopet, _pp._, S; i-cleped, S; y-clepud, S2; y-cleped, C3; cleped, S2, C2; clept, S2; y-clept, C3; iclepet, S2; icluped, S2; iclyped, S3.—AS. _cleopian_. Clepyng, _sb._ a calling, W. Clere, _adj._ clear, bright, glorious, C2 W, W2; cleer, MD; cler, MD; clier, MD.—AF. _cler_; Lat. _clarum_. Clerenesse, _sb._ brightness, W; cleernes, C3. Clerete, _sb._ brightness, W. Clergeon, _sb._ a chorister, little priest, young scholar, MD, C2.—AF. _clergeon_; cp. Sp. _clerizon_ (Minsheu). Clergial, _adj._ learned, C3; clergealy, _adv._ in clerkly wise, P. Clergie, _sb._ (1) the clergy, (2) the clerical profession, (3) book-learning, MD; clargy, H.—OF. _clergie_: Sp. _clerecia_, clergy; Late Lat. _clericia_, the clergy, learning; see Constans. Clerk, _sb._ clergyman, scholar, secretary, C2; clerc, S, MD; clerkes, _pl._, S, C2, C3, P; clerekes, S; clerken, _gen. pl._, S2.—OF. _clerc_ (AF. _clerk_); Church Lat. _clericum_ (acc.); Gr. κληρικός from κλῆρος a lot, in eccl. writers, the clergy. Cler-matin, _sb._ a kind of corn for grinding, MD, S2, PP. Cleue, _sb._ dwelling, bedroom, bed, MD, S; kleue, MD.—AS. _cléofa_, a recess, den, bed, chamber; cp. Icel. _klefi_, a closet, bedroom. Cleuen, _v._ to split asunder, MD, P; cleoue, MD; cleues, _pr. s._, S; claf, _pt. s._, MD; clef, MD, S2; cleef, MD; clevede, G; clouen, _pl._, S2; clofenn, _pp._, S; cloue, W.—AS. _cléofan_, pt. _cléaf_ (pl. _clufon_), pp. _clofen_. Cleuen, _v._ to cleave, adhere, MD, W2, PP; cliuyn, Prompt.; cliuen, S; clyuen, PP; cliued, _pt. s._, S; cleuede, W2.—AS. _clifian_ (_cleofian_); OHG. _klebên_ (Otfrid). Cleuering, _pr. p._ clinging, holding on by claws, S3. See Cliuer. Cleynt, _pp._ fixed, MD; see Clenchen. Clicche; see Clochen. Cliket, _sb._ a kind of lock or fastening, PP, CM; clyket, PP, Voc.; clykyt, Voc.—OF. _cliquette_ (Bartsch), from _cliquer_, to click, snap; cp. Low Lat. _cliquetus_. Cliketed, _pp._ fastened with a latch, PP. Climben, _v._ to climb, MD; clymben, C2; clam, _pt. s._, S2, MD; clamb, C2; clomb, MD; clomben, _pp._, C; clombe, C2.—AS. _climban_, pt. _clamb_ (pl. _clumbon_); pp. _clumben_. Clingen, _v._ to shrivel up, wither, to cling, MD, S, ND, Sh.; clengen, S2; clyngen, S2; clang, _pt. s._, MD; clonge, _pl._, MD; clungen, _pp._, MD.—AS. _clingan_, pt. _clang_ (pl. _clungon_), pp. _clungen_. Clippe; see Cluppen. Clippen, _v._ to clip, shear, S, C2, MD.—Icel. _klippa_. Cliue, _sb._ cliff, S; see Clyffe. Cliuen, _v._ to cleave, adhere, S; see Cleuen. Cliuer, _adj._ eager, sharp, MD, SkD. Cliuer, _sb._ claw, S; clivres, _pl._, S.—AS. _clifer_. Clobbed, _adj._ like a club, rough, C2; clubbed, MD. See Clubbe. Cloche, _sb._ claw, PP; cloke, HD; cluke, S3 (s.v. _cat_), JD; cleuck, JD; clokis, _pl._, H. Clochen, _v._ to clutch, PP; clucchen, PP, HD, SkD; clouche, PP; clycchen, PP; clicche, PP. Clocken, _v._ to limp, hobble, PP; clokke, PP.—OF. _cloquer_ (_clocher_), to limp (Cotg.), also _cloper_: Prov. _clopchar_; Low Lat. *_cloppicare_, from _cloppus_; see Diez (P. 550). Clodde; see Clot. Clofenn; see Cleuen. Cloister, _sb._ cloister, MD; cloistre, C3; cloystre, C; cloystyr, Prompt.—AF. _cloister_ OF. _cloistre_ (F. _cloître_). Cf. Clauster. Cloisterer, _sb._ cloister-monk, C2. Clom, _sb._ silence, S2; see Clum. Clomben, _pp._ climbed, C; see Climben. Clomsen, _v._ to be benumbed, stupified, PP, H. See Clum. Clomstnes, _sb._ numbness, fixedness, H. Cloos, _adj._ close, C3; clos, MD.—AF. _clos_, closed, pp. of _clore_; Lat. _claudere_. Clos, _sb._ an enclosure, a locked-up place, MD; cloos, Prompt., S2; cloyss, S3. Closen, _v._ to close, to enclose, MD.—From AF. _clos_, pp.; Lat. _clausum_. See Cloos. Closter, _sb._ cloister, MD; see Clauster. Closures, _sb. pl._ enclosures, fastenings, S3. Closyngis, _sb. pl._ gates, W2. Clot, _sb._ a clod, MD; clotte, Cath.; clodde, Prompt., Palsg., Manip.; clottes, _pl._, lumps, S2; clottis, W2. See Weigand (s.v. _kloss_). Clote, _sb._ burdock, Voc., MD, Prompt., Alph.; cloote, MD.—AS. _cláte_. Clote-bur, _sb._ burr of the burdock, C3. Clote-leef, _sb._ leaf of the burdock, C3. Cloteren, _v._ to clot, coagulate, Prompt.; cloderen, Prompt.; clothred, _pp._, C. Cloth, _sb._ cloth, clothing, S, S2; cloþe, S2; cloþt, S2; clað, S; claðes, _pl._, S; cloðes, S.—AS. _cláð_. Clothen, _v._ to clothe, S; claðen, S; cled, _pt. s._, S3; cloðeden, _pl._, S2; y-clothed, _pp._, PP; y-clad, C3; cled, S3. Cloude, _sb._ a mass of rock, a hill, clod, S2, MD; clude, MD; clowdys, _pl._, MD (s.v. _clot_); cluddis, masses of cloud, S3; cloudis, H (Ps.