A Concise Dictionary of Middle English from A.D. 1150 to 1580 by Mayhew and Skeat

τόπαζος. Toppe, _sb._ tuft of hair, P, S; top, top of the head, Prompt. To-quassen, _v._ to shake asunder, PP; to-quashte, _pt. s._, PP. (To- 2.) To-quaȝte, _pt. s._ quaked, PP. (To- 2.) To-racen, _v._ to scrape to pieces, C2. (To- 2.) To-renden, _v._ to rend in pieces, PP; torente, _pt. s._, C2, W; to-rent, _pp._, S, C2, W. (To- 2.) Toret, _sb._ ring on a dog’s collar, through which the leash was passed, CM; torettz, _pl._, C; turrets, DG.—OF. _touret_, the chain which is at the end of the check of a bit, also the little ring whereby a hawk’s lune is fastened to the jesses (Cotg.). Toret, _sb._ turret, G, C, Prompt.; touret, SkD.—OF. _tourette_ (Cotg.). To-reuen, _v._ to completely take away, PP. (To- 2.) Torf, _sb._ turf, S2; turf, Voc.; turues, _pl._, S2.—AS. _turf_ (Voc.). Torfare, _sb._ hardship, misery, peril, WA.—Icel. _torfœra_. To-rightes, _adv._ to rights, aright, G. (To- 1.) To-riven, _v._ to rend in twain; to-rof (_intrans._), _pt. s._, was riven in twain, S2. Torment, _sb._ a tempest, torment, suffering, SkD, C3, Prompt.; tourment, SkD.—AF. _torment_, a tempest, _turment_ (Roland), OF. _torment_, _tourment_, a tempest, torture (Bartsch), _tormente_, a tempest (Cotg.). Tormenten, _v._ to torment, SkD.—OF. _tormenter_. Tormentour, _sb._ executioner, C3, WW; tormentoures, _pl._, C3.—AF. _tormenter_, executioner. Tormentynge, _sb._ torture, C2. Tormentyse, _sb._ torture, C2. Torne, _sb._ a turn, trick, wile, G. Tornen, _v._ to turn, PP; see Tournen. To-rof, _pt. s._ of To-riven. Tortuous, _adj._ oblique (term in astrology), C3.—Lat. _tortuosus_, crooked. To-samen, _adv._ together, S. (To- 1.) To-schaken, _v._ to shake asunder, S. (To- 2.) To-scheden, _v._ to part asunder; tosched, _pp._, S2. (To- 2.) To-schellen, _v._ to shell, peel; toshullen, _pp._, PP. (To- 2.) To-schreden, _v._ to cut to pieces, C. (To- 2.) To-spreden, _v._ to scatter; to-sprad, _pp._, S2. (To- 2.) To-swellen, _v._ to swell greatly; toswolle, _pp._, S, PP. (To- 2.) To-swinken, _v._ to labour greatly, C3. (To- 2.) To-tasen, _v._ to pull to pieces; to-tose, S. (To- 2.) Toten, _v._ to peep, look about, PP, S3; tutand, _pr. p._, projecting, pushing out, S3; totede, _pt. s._, S3; y-toted, _pp._, S3. _Comb._: tote-hylle, _specula_, Prompt.—AS. _tótian_; see SkD (s.v. _tout_). To-teren, _v._ to tear to pieces, C3; toteoren, S; toteore, S; totorne, _pp._, PP; totorn, S; totore, C3. (To- 2.) To-turn, _sb._ refuge, SD. (To- 1.) To-twicchen, _v._ to pull apart; totwichet, _pr. pl._, S. (To- 2.) Toun, _sb._ an enclosure, farm-stead, town, S2, C, W; toune, PP; tun, S, S2; toune, _dat._, S2, C2. _Comb._: toune-men, men of the town, not rustics, PP; tun-scipe, the people of the farm-stead, S. _Der._: townish, belonging to the town, S3.—AS. _tún_, enclosure, farm, town; cp. OHG. _zún_, hedge (Tatian). Tour, _sb._ tower, S, S2, C2, PP, W2; tur, S; torres, _pl._, S2.—OF. _tur_, _tor_, _tour_: Lat. _turrem_. Tournen, _v._ to turn, PP; turnen, S, S2, PP; tornen, S2, PP; teornen, S2; tirnen, S; y-tornd, _pp._, S2; i-turnd, S, S2.—AF. _turner_; Lat. _tornare_, from _tornus_, a lathe. Tourneyment, _sb._ tournament, C2.—OF. _tornoiement_. Towaille, _sb._ towel, C2; towayle, Prompt., Voc.; twaly, Prompt.; towelle, Voc.; towylle, Voc.—AF. _towaille_ (_tuaille_), OF. _touaile_ (Bartsch); Low Lat. _toacula_; of Teutonic origin, cp. OHG. _duáhila_, washing-cloth; from _duahan_, also _thuahan_, to wash (Tatian). See SkD, also Kluge (s.v. _zwehle_). To-walten, _v._ to roll with violence; _pt. pl._, overflowed, S2. (To- 2.) To-ward, _prep._ towards, against, S, PP; touward, S; towart, S. (To- 1.) To-warde, _adj._ present, as a guard or protection, PP. (To- 1.) To-wawe, _v._ to move about near, S2. (To- 1.) Towker, _sb._ a fuller; see Tokker. To-wringen, _v._ to distort; towrong, _pt. s._, S. (To- 2.) To-wrye, _v._ to cause to go on one side, S3 (4. 164) (To- 2.) Toȝeines, _prep._ towards, S; see To-genes. To-ȝere, _adv._ this year, Cath. (To- 1.) To-ȝesceoden, _v._ to separate, S. (To- 2.) Trace, _sb._ track of a way over a field, trace, Prompt., C, SkD; tras, PP; trass, S2. Tracen, _v._ to trace, to draw a picture, to trace one’s way, to conduct oneself, Prompt., CM, S3; trasen, S3.—OF. _tracer_ (_trasser_); Late Lat. *_tractiare_, from Lat. _tract-_, base of pp. of _trahere_; see BH, § 131. Trade, _sb._ a trodden path, S3, TG, SkD, HD. See Treden. Tradicion, _sb._ surrender, S3.—Lat. _traditionem_. Cf. Tresoun. Traitorye, _sb._ treachery, C3, CM. Traitour, _sb._ traitor, S; traytour, S; treitur, S.—AF. _traitur_; Lat. _traditorem_. Tram, _sb._ engine, machine, WA; trammys, _pl._, B. Trappe, _sb._ the trappings of a horse, SkD; trappys, _pl._, SkD. Trapped, _adj._ adorned with trappings, C, Prompt. Trappings, _sb. pl._ ornaments, Sh. Trappure, _sb._ trappings of a horse, Prompt.; trappures, _pl._, C. Trauail, _sb._ work, labour, toil, trouble, S2, PP; trauaille, C2; trawayle, S2; trauell, S2; trauel, W, W2, H (Ps. 108. 10).—AF. _travail_, _travaille_; Late Lat. *_trabaculum_; from Lat. _trabem_, a beam; cp. It. _traváglio_, a frame for confining unruly horses. See Trave. Trauaille, _v._ to work, toil, travel, trouble, vex, torment, PP; traueilen, W, S2; trauele, W, W2.—AF. _travai_(_l_)_ler_, to work, to vex. See above. Trauailous, _adj._ laborious, W2. Trave, _sb._ a frame in which farriers confine unruly horses, CM. See Trauail. Trawed, _pt. pl._ trowed, expected, S2; see Trowen. Tray, _sb._ vexation; see Treȝe. Trays, _sb. pl._ traces, horse-harness, C; trayce, Prompt.; trayse, Cath.—OF. _trays_, horse-harness (Palsg.) for _traits_, pl., of _traict_ a trace for horses (Cotg.); Lat. _tractum_, pp. of _trahere_. Trayste, _v._ to trust, S2; traste, PP, S2.—Icel. _treysta_, from _traust_. See Trist. Traystly, _adv._ confidently, H. Traystnes, _sb._ confidence, H. Traystynge, _sb._ confidence, H. Traytyse, _sb._ treaty, truce, S3; see Tretis. Tre, _sb._ tree, wood, _lignum._ Prompt., S2, PP, W, W2; treo, S, PP; treowe, _dat._, S; treuwe, _pl._, S; tren, S2; treen, S3; treon, S; trewes, S; trowes, PP. _Comb._: tre tymus (_lignum thyinum_), W.—AS. _tréow_ (_tréo_), dat. _tréowe_, pl. _tréowu_ (_tréo_), see Sievers, 250; cp. Goth. _triu_. Treatise, _sb._ a passage (lit. a treatise), S3; see Tretis. Treatyce, _sb._ treaty, truce, S3; see Tretis. Trechery, _sb._ treachery, trickery, S; see Tricherie. Trechoure, _sb._ a cheat, HD.—OF. _trichëor_ (Bartsch); Late Lat. _tricatorem_. Trechurly, _adv._ treacherously, S3. Tred, _sb._ a foot-mark. SkD (s.v. _trade_). Treden, _v._ to tread, C, Prompt., PP; _pt. pl._, W, PP; tret, _pr. s._ CM; troden, PP; trade, H (Ps. 55. 2); troden, _pp._, C3; trodun, W2; treddede, _pt. s._ (_weak_), S3.—AS. _tredan_, pt. _træd_ (pl. _trǽdon_), pp. _treden_. Treget, _sb._ guile, trickery, CM. Tregetrie, _sb._ a piece of trickery, CM. Tregettowre, _sb._ a juggler, _joculator_, Prompt.; tregetour, Prompt. (_n_), CM, HD. Tregettyn, _v._ to juggle, Prompt.—OF. _tresgeter_ (Ducange); Lat. _trans_ + _iactare_. Treien, _v._ to betray, P; trayet, _pp._, HD.—OF. _traïr_; Late Lat. *_tradīre_ for Lat. _tradere_. Treilȝis, _sb._ trellis, S3; trelys, _cancellus_, Prompt.—OF. _treillis_, from _treille_, a vine, arbour (Bartsch); Late Lat. *_tricla_; Lat. _trichila_; see BH, § 98. Tremlen, _v._ to tremble, stagger, PP; tremelyn, Prompt.; trimlen, HD; trymlen, S3; tremblen, W, PP; trimble, Manip.—Picard F. _tremler_ (AF. _trembler_); Late Lat. _tremulare_. Tremlynge, _sb._ trembling; tremelynge, Prompt.; trimlyng, S3; trymlinge, HD. Trental, _sb._ a set of thirty masses for the dead, SkD, ND, PP; trentall, money paid for a trental, S3; a month’s mind, ND.—OF. _trental_, _trentel_; Church Lat. _trigintalem_ (Ducange). Treo, _sb._ tree, S; treon, _pl._, S; see Tre. Treowe, _adj._ true, S; see Trewe. Trepeget, _sb._ a military engine, HD, CM; trebget, Prompt.; trebgot, an instrument for catching birds, Prompt. Tresor, _sb._ treasure, S, S2, C3; tresour, PP, S2, S3, C2; treosor, S; tresores, _pl._, PP; tresures, S.—AF. _tresor_; Lat. _thesaurum_. Tresorere, _sb._ treasurer, PP; treserour, PP.—AF. _tresorer_. Tresorie, _sb._ treasury, S2; tresory, WA.—AF. _tresorye_. Tresoun, _sb._ treason, craft, C, PP; tresun, Prompt., S; treson, WA, C2, H; treison, PP; trayson, S.—AF. _treson_, _traïson_; Lat. _traditionem_. Trespas, _sb._ trespass, PP; trespace, PP, C. Trespassen, _v._ to trespass, PP, WW; trespace, C2; trespasside, _pt. s._, W (Acts 1. 25).—AF. _trespasser_, to cross over, to disobey. Tretee, _sb._ treaty, C2, C3; trete, C.—OF. _traite_; Late Lat. _tracta_. See Tretis. Tretis, _adj._ well made, pretty; tretys, CM, C; treitys, CM.—OF. _tretis_, _treitis_, _traitis_, nicely made (Bartsch); from _traitier_; Lat. _tractare_. Tretis, _sb._ treatise, short poem, PP, C2, WA; treatise, S3. See below. Tretis, _sb._ treaty, B, CM; tretys, S2, C2, C3; treatyce, S3; traytyse, S3.—AF. _tretiz_; Late Lat. *_tracticium_. Trewage, _sb._ tribute, S, JD; truage, Voc., S2, WA; trouage, WA.—OF. _treüage_ (_truage_), toll, tax, from _treü_, _treüd_, tribute; Lat. _tribūtum_; see Constans (s.v.). Trewe, _adj._ true, S, PP, S2, C2; treowe, S; trywe, PP; triwe, S2; trew, S2, C2; tru, S2.—AS. _tréowe_: OS. _triuwi_. Trewe, _sb._ fidelity, trust, agreement, truce, PP; treowe, SkD; treowes, _pl._, truce, SkD; trewes, PP; trewis, B; treuwes, PP; triwes, SkD; truwys, Prompt.; trewysse, Cath. Trewehede, _sb._ truth, uprightness, S2. Treweliche, _adv._ truly, PP, C2; trewely, C2. Trewen, _v._ to think to be true, to trow, believe, S.—AS. _tréowan_. See Trowen. Trewes, _pl._ trees, S; see Tre. Trewes, _sb. pl._ truce; see Trewe. Trewðe, _sb._ truth, troth, S, C2, PP; treuðe, S, S2, PP; trouthe, S2, C3; trouth, H; tryuðe, PP; trowwðe, S; trawðe, S2; treothes, _pl._, S; truthes, pledges, S2.—AS. _tréowðu_. Trey, _sb._ a throw at dice, viz. three, SkD; treye, C3. _Comb._: trey-ace, the throw of three and one; a quick exclamation, S3.—OF. _trei_, _treis_; Lat. _trēs_. Treȝe, _sb._ affliction, grief, SD; treiȝe, S; treie, S; treye, S2; tray, vexation, B.—AS. _trega_; cp. Icel. _tregi_, Goth. _trigo_. Treȝen, _v._ to afflict, SD. Triacle, _sb._ a remedy, healing medicine, S2, PP, C3, NQ (6. 1. 308); tryacle, Voc., PP, NQ; treacle, TG, Prompt.; tryakill, S3.—OF. _trïacle_ (Bartsch); Lat. _theriaca_, lit. an antidote against the bite of serpents; cp. Gr. θηριακὰ φάρμακα. For examples of the intrusive _l_ see Cronicle. Triblen, _v._ to trouble, H; see Trublen. Tricherie, _sb._ treachery, trickery, S, PP, S2; trecherie, PP; trechery, S; treccherie, C.—AF. _tricherie_; from OF. _tricher_, _trecher_, to cheat; Late Lat. _tricare_ for Lat. _tricari_. Trick, _adj._ neat, elegant, ND; trig, JD.—For the voicing of the guttural in North.E. cp. _prigmedainty_ (JD), with _prickmedainty_ or _prickmedenty_ (HD); see SkD (s.vv. _prig_, _trigger_). Trien, _v._ to try, PP; triȝede, _pp._, S2, PP; i-triȝed, S2; itriȝet, S2; y-tried, PP; y-tryed, PP; tried, _pp._ as _adj._, choice, PP; trye, PP, C2; triedest, _superl._, S2, PP; trieste, PP; tryest, PP; triedliche, _adv._, excellently, PP; triȝely, PP, S2; trielich, P.—AF. _trier_; Late Lat. _tritare_, to thresh corn. Triennels, _sb. pl._ masses said for three years, PP; triennales, P.—OF. _triennal_; Church Lat. _triennale_. Trillen, _v._ to turn round and round, to trickle, CM, Prompt., C2, S3, Sh., SkD; tryll, Palsg.; tril, Manip.—Cp. Swed. _trilla_, to roll. Trinal, _adj._ threefold, RD; trinall, Spenser, 1. _Comb._: trinal triplicities, SkD.—Late Lat. _trinalis_. Trine, _adj._ taken three at a time, ND. _Comb._: trine aspect (in astrology), SkD, ND; tryne compas, the round world containing earth, sea, and heaven, C3—OF. _trine_; Lat. _trinum_. Trinite, _sb._ Trinity, S2, PP; Trinitee, PP.—AF. _Trinite_, _Trinitet_; Church Lat. _Trinitatem_. Trisen, _v._ to hoist up, to trice, to pull off, SkD; tryce, C2; trice, CM. _Der._: tryyste, tryys, windlass, Prompt.—Cp. Dan. _tridse_, to haul up, to trice, Swed. _trissa_, a pulley. The final _-se_ is the same as in E. _clean-se_. Trist, _sb._ trust, a tryst, meeting-place, B, W, W2, PP, S2; station in hunting, HD; trust, PP.—Icel. _traust_. For E. _ī_ = Icel. _au_, cp. ME. _mire_ = Icel. _maurr_; see SkD (s.v. _pismire_). Tristen, _v._ to trust, S2, C3, W, W2, PP; trysten, S2, PP; truste, S2; trosten, S3, S2, PP; truste, _pt. s._, S, S2. _Der._: tristyng, a trust, W. See above. Tristili, _adv._ confidently, W, W2. Tristnen, _v._ to trust, W. _Der._: tristenyng, a trust, W. Triuials, _sb. pl._ studies connected with the _trivium_, the initiatory course taught in the schools, comprising grammar, rhetoric, and dialectic, S3; trivial, _adj._, initiatory, ND.—Schol. Lat. _trivialem_. Troblen, _v._ to trouble, W; troubild, _pp._, WA; see Trublen. Trod, _sb._ a trodden path, SkD (s.v. _trade_), HD. See Treden. Troden, _pp._ of Treden. Trofle, _sb._ a trifle, S3; see Trufle. Trompe, _sb._ a trump, trumpet, C3; trumpe, C.—AF. _trompe_. Trompe, _v._ to play the trumpet, PP; trumpe, W, Prompt.—AF. _trumper_. Tronchoun, _sb._ a truncheon, broken piece of a spear-shaft. C; trunchone, Prompt.—OF. _tronchon_, _tronçon_. Trone, _sb._ throne, S, PP, S3, C2, C3, W; trones, _pl._, S; one of the nine orders of angels, WA; tronen, S2.—OF. _trone_; Lat. _thronum_; from Gr. θρόνος. Tronen, _v._ to enthrone, PP.—OF. _troner_. Trost, _subj. pr. s._ trust, S2; see Tristen. Trotevale, _sb._ a trifling thing, HD. Trouble, _adj._ troubled, S2, C2.—AF. _truble_, pp. of _trubler_; see Trublen. Trouthe, _sb._ truth, S.2, C3; see Trewthe. Trowabile, _adj._ credible, H. Trowen, _v._ to believe, S, S2, S3, C2, C3, H, PP; tru, S2; trawed, _pt. pl._, expected, S2.—Icel. _trúa_; Swed. _tro_. See Trewen. Trowyng, _sb._ belief, S2. Truage, _sb._ tribute, S2; see Trewage. Trublen, _v._ to trouble, W; troblen, W; triblen, H.—AF. _trubler_; Late Lat. _turbulare_. Trufle, _sb._ nonsense, absurd tale, trifle, PP, SkD; trofle, S3, SkD; trefele, PP; triful, PP; trifle, PP.—AF. _trufle_, _trofle_, mockery, OF. _truffe_, a jest, a flout, also a truffle (Cotg.); Lat. _tubera_, truffles; see SkD (s.v. _truffle_). For the intrusive _l_ cf. Triacle. Truflen, _v._ to beguile, SkD; trofle, SkD; trifelyn, Prompt.; treoflynge, _pr. p._, S2.—OF. _truffler_, _truffer_, to mock (Cotg.). Trukenen, _v._ to fail, S. Trukien, _v._ to fail, S.—AS. _trucian_, to fail, deceive. Trusse, _sb._ a bundle, Manip., CM. Trussen, _v._ to pack, to pack off, C, S2, PP, Manip.; turss, B.—OF. _trusser_, _trosser_, _torser_; Late Lat. *_tortiare_. Truste, _pt. s._ trusted, S; see Tristen. Tryce, _v._ to trice, to hoist up, C2; see Trisen. Tryg, _adj._ trusty, secure, S3.—Icel. _tryggr_. Trymlyt, _pt. pl._ trembled, S3; see Tremlen. Tryst, _adj._ sad, S3. _Der._: tristes, sadness, S3.—OF. _trist_; Lat. _tristem_; and OF. _tristesse_; Lat. _tristitia_. Tua, _num._ two, S2; see Tuo. Tuhen, _pt. pl._ of Ten. Tuht, _sb._ discipline, S.—AS. _tyht_; cp. OHG. _zuht_ (Otfrid). See Ten. Tuhten, _v._ to draw, persuade, discipline, S; tihte, _pt. s._, S.—AS. _tyhtan_. Tuin, _num._ two, S2; see Twinne. Tuken, _v._ to pluck, vex, S; tuke up, _succingere_, Cath.; tukkyn up, Prompt.; y-touked, _pp._, tucked, fulled, PP.—AS. _tucian_ (_twiccan_); cp. OHG. _zukken_ (Otfrid). Tuker, _sb._ a fuller; see Tokker. Tulke, _sb._ a man, soldier, knight, WA, EETS (56); tolke, S2; tulk, WA, SkD (s.v. _talk_).—Icel. _túlkr_, interpreter; Lithuan. _tulkas_, interpreter; cp. Dan. _tolk_. Tullen, _v._ to draw, entice, CM, SD; see Tollen. Tumben, _v._ to leap, tumble, dance; tombede, _pt. s._, SD.—AS. _tumbian_ (Mk. 6. 22); cp. OF. _tumber_, to fall. Tumbestere, _sb._ a female dancer, HD; tombester, SD; tumbesteris, _pl._, SD, C3 (p. 151); tombesteres, C3. Tumblen, _v._ to leap, dance, SD, SkD; to tumble, PP; tombly, PP; tumlyn, _volutare_, Prompt. Tumbler, _sb._ a tumbler, a female dancer, Voc.; tumlare, _volutator_, Prompt. Tun, _sb._ enclosure, farm-stead, town, S, S2; see Toun. Tunen, _v._ to enclose, S; see Tynen. Tunge, _sb._ tongue, S, C, W2; see Tonge. Tunne, _sb._ tun, S; see Tonne. Tuo, _num._ two, S2, C, PP; tua, S2; two, S; twa, S, S2; to, S, S2; towe, S3.—AS. _twá_ (neut). Tur, _sb._ tower, S; see Tour. Turnen, _v._ to turn, S; see Tournen. Turss, _v._ to pack; see Trussen. Turues, _sb. pl._ pieces of turf, S2; see Torf. Tus, for thus, S; see Þus. Tutand, _pr. p._ projecting, pushing out, S2; see Toten. Tute, _sb._ a horn, _cornu_, _os_, SD.—For Teutonic cognates see Weigand (s.v. _zotte_). See Tewelle. Tute, _v._ ‘to tute in a horne,’ Manip.—Cf. Swed. _tuta_, to blow a horn. Tutel, _sb._ beak, mouth (?), S. Tutelen, _v._ to whisper, S. Tuteler, _sb._ tittler, tattler, PP. Tutlyng, _sb._ noise of a horn, B. See Tute. Tutour, _sb._ guardian, warden, keeper, P, WW, TG.—OF. _tuteur_; Lat. _tutorem_. Twa, _num._ two, S, S2; see Tuo. Tweamen, _v._ to separate, S.—AS. (_ge_)_twǽman_. Tweire, _num. gen._ of twain, S.—AS. _twegra_ (gen.). Twelf, _num._ twelve, S, C2; tuelf, S2; tuelue, S2. _Comb._: twelfmoneth, twelvemonth, PP; tuelmonth, S2.—AS. _twelf_: Goth. _twalif_. Twengen, _v._ to press tightly, tweak, S; tuengde, _pt. s._, S2.—Cf. Twingen. Twestis, _pl._ twigs, S3; see Twyste. Tweye, _num._ twain, PP, C, C2; tweie, S; tueie, S; twey, S3, PP; twei, PP. _Comb._: twey-fold, twofold, C3.—AS. _twega_ (gen.). See Tuo. Tweye, _adv._ twice, PP; twye, HD; twie, S.—AS. _twíwa_. Tweyne, _num._ twain, G, PP; tueyne, S2; twene, S; tweien, S; tweȝȝenn, S.—AS. _twegen_. Twi- (_prefix_). _Comb._: twi-bil, an axe, _bipennis_, Voc., Prompt., H; twi-feald, twofold, SD; twye-lyghte, twilight, Prompt.; twi-ræd, of diverse opinion, SD. Twichand, _pres. pt._ touching, regarding, S3 (13. 271). Twie, _adv._ twice, S; see Tweye. Twikken, _v._ to twitch, snatch, pull slightly but quickly, Prompt.; twychyn, Prompt.; twyghte, _pt. s._, CM; twight, _pp._, CM. Twine, _sb._ doubled thread; twines, _gen._, S.—AS. _twín_. Twinen, _v._ to twist, S; twined, _pp._, S; twyned, PP. Twingen, _v._ to pain, afflict, SkD; twungen, _pp._, SkD.—Cp. G. _zwingen_. Twinging, _sb._ affliction, S2. Twinken, _v._ to wink, Prompt., G. Twinklen, _v._ to twinkle, Prompt. Twinne, _num._ two apiece, two at a time, S; twynne, S2; tuin, S2.—Icel. _tvinnr_. Twinnen, _v._ to separate, C2; twynnen, S2, S3, H; twyne, S3; twyn, S2, H; tuyn, H; twynned, _pt. pl._, PP, S3. Twyes, _adv._ twice, S2, C2, C3, PP.—Formed with suffix _-es_ on AS. _twíwa_. See Tweye. Twyste, _sb._ bough, Cath., S3; twist, B, S2, C2, CM; twest, S3.—Cp. ODu. _twist_. Twyste, _v._ to strip the boughs, _defrondare_, Cath. Twyster (of trees), _sb._ a stripper of boughs, _defrondator_, Cath. Tycement, _sb._ enticement, HD. Tycen, _v._ to entice, instigate, provoke, Prompt., Manip., S; tisen, PP; tyse, HD (s.v. _tise_). See Atisen. Tykel, _adj._ unsteady, uncertain, CM. Tyle, _sb._ tile, Prompt.; tyil, Prompt.; tyyl, S2. _Comb._: tyle-stone, tile, brick, Prompt.; tiyl-stoon (= Lat. _testa_), W2.—AS. _tigele_; Lat. _tegula_. Tymber, _sb._ timber, wood for building, Voc., PP; tymbre, PP.—AS. _timber_. Tymbre, _v._ to frame, build, PP; timbrin, S, S2.—AS. _timbrian_: Goth. _timrjan_; cp. OHG. _zimbrón_ (Tatian). Tymbre, _sb._ the crest of a helmet, also a helmet, WA; timber, Cotg.; tymbrys, _pl._, B.—OF. _timbre_ (Cotg.); Lat. _tympanum_; Gr. τύμπανον; cp. SkD (s.v. _timbrel_). Tyme, _sb._ time, due season, S, C2, C3, PP; tyme, _pl._, C2; tymes, C2. _Comb._: tymeful, seasonable, early, W; timliche, quickly, S.—AS. _tíma_; cp. Icel. _tími_. Tymen, _v._ to betide, S2.—AS. (_ge_)_tímian_. Tynd, _sb._ the tine or prong of a deer’s horn, the spike of a harrow, JD, SkD; tyndis, S3.—AS. _tind_ (Voc.); cp. Icel. _tindr_. Tyne, _adj._ tiny, WA. Tyne, _sb._ prickle, Prompt. Tyne, _v._ to lose, S2, PP, H; tine, S2, H; tynt, _pp._, S2, PP, H. _Der._: tynsil, loss, ruin, H; tinsill, H.—Icel. _týna_, to lose, to destroy, _týnask_, to perish, from _tjón_, loss, damage. Tynen, _v._ to enclose, S2; tinen, S; tunen, S.—AS. _týnan_, from _tún_. See Toun. Tynken, _v._ to ring, tinkle, W. Tynkere, _sb._ tinker, PP. Tynsale, _sb._ loss, harm, B. See Tyne. Tyred, _pp._ attired, dressed, S2; see Atyren. Tysane, _sb._ a drink, Prompt.—OF. _tisane_, barley-water; Lat. _ptisana_, pearl-barley, also barley-water; Gr. πτισάνη. Tysyk, _sb._ consumption, S2, Prompt.; tysike, Cath.—OF. _tisique_ (Bartsch); Lat. _phthisica_, consumptive disease; from Gr. φθίσις decay; cp. It. _tisica_. Tyyl, _sb._ tile, S2; see Tyle. U, V (vowel). Uggen, _v._ to dread, to shudder at, HD; ug, H; huge, H; uggis, _pr. s._, H; uggid, _pt. s._, H.—Icel. _ugga_. Uggynge, _sb._ shuddering, horror, H. Ugly, _adv._ dreadful, horrible, H, SkD; uglike, SkD.—Icel. _uggligr_. Ugsom, _adj._ frightful, SkD (s.v. _ugly_). Uhte, _sb._ the part of the night before daybreak; uȝten, _dat._, S, SD.—AS. _úhte_: OS. _uhta_: Goth. _uhtwo_; cp. OHG. _uohta_, Icel. _ótta_, see Weigand (s.v. _ucht_), and Fick, 7. 9. Uhten-tid, _sb._ early morning-time, SD. Uht-song, _sb._ morning-chant, matins, SD.—AS. _uht-sang_. Ulke, _adj._ the same, S; see Ilke. Umbe, _prep._ about, around, WA, S; ummbenn, S; embe, S.—AS. _ymbe_ (_embe_): OHG. _umbi_ (Otfrid), OS. _umbi_. Vmbe-cast, _v._ to cast about, consider, ponder, B; umbekestez, _pr. s._, S2. Umbe-grouen, _pp._ grown all round, S2. Umbelappe, _v._ to surround, WA. See Umlap. Vmbe-set, _v._ to beset, B; umbeset, _pt. s._, B; vmset, S2; umbeset, _pp._, B; umsett, H, HD; vmset, S2.—AS. _ymb-sittan_. Vmbe-stount, _adv._ sometimes, B; umstunt, H.—AS. _ymbe_ + _stund_. Umbe-þenken, _v._ to bethink, meditate, S; umthink, H; vmbethinkis ȝow, _imp. pl. refl._, B; umbithoghte, _pt. s._, HD; vmbethoucht, B.—AS. _ymb-þencan_. Umbe-weround, _pp._ environed, B. Umbe-while, _adv._ sometime, at times, S; umwhile, H, HD; umwile, S; vm-quhile, B; umquile, WA. Um-ga, _v._ to go about, H. Um-gang, _sb._ circuit, S2, H.—AS. _ymb-gang_. Um-gifen, _v._ to surround, H; vmgaf, _pt. pl._, S2, H. Um-gripen, _v._ to surround; vm-griped, _pt. pl._, S2. Um-hilen, _v._ to cover up; umhild, _pt. s._, H. Um-lap, _v._ to wrap around, comprehendere, to embrace, WA, S2; umlappe, H, HD; vmlapped, _pp._, S2. See Umbelappe. Um-louke, _v._ to lock in, H. Um-sege, _v._ to besiege, H. Um-set, _pp._ beset all round, S2; see Vmbe-set. Um-shadow, _v._ to shadow round, protect, H. Um-stride, _v._ to bestride, S2; umstrode, _pt. s._, HD. Um-writhen, _v._ to wind round, H; umwrithyn, _pp._, H. Um-ȝede, _pt. s._ went about, H. Un-, _prefix_ (1), has a negative force and is used before substantives, adjectives, and past participles; on-, B.—Goth. _un-_; cp. Gr. ἀν-. Un-, _prefix_ (2), expresses the reversal of an action, and is used before verbs; on-, S3.—Goth. _and-_; cp. Gr. ἀντι-. Un-, _prefix_ (3), until.—OS. _und-_. Cf. Oth. Un-aneomned, _pp._ unnamed, innumerable, S. Cf. A-nemnen. The word Anemnen does not occur in the Dictionary. The simple form is Nemnen. Un-auanced, _pp._ unpromoted, S2. Un-bermed, _pp._ unleavened; unberrmedd, S. Un-bicumlich, _adj._ unbecoming, S; unbicomelich, S. Un-biheue, _adj._ unprofitable; unbihefre, _comp._, S. Un-bileue, _sb._ unbelief, W. Un-bileueful, _adj._ unbelieving, W; unbileful, S. Un-binden, _v._ to unbind, S2; unbind, _pr. s._, S; unbint, S; unbond, _pt. s._, S; unbounden, _pl._, S; _pp._, C2.—Cp. OHG. _in-bintan_ (Otfrid). (Un- 2.) Un-bischoped, _pp._ unconfirmed; unbishped, S. Un-bisorȝeliche, _adv._ piteously, S. Un-bliðe, _adj._ joyless; unblyþe, S2. Un-boht, _pp._ unatoned for, S; unbouht, S. Un-bokelen, _v._ to unbuckle, C2, C3. (Un- 2.) Un-brosten, _pp._ unburst, S2. Un-buhsum, _adj._ disobedient, S; vnboxome, P. Un-buxsumnes, _sb._ disobedience, H. Unce, _sb._ ounce, SkD, C; ounces, _pl._, C2.—OF. _unce_; Lat. _uncia_. Cf. Inche. Un-chargid, _pp._ unladen, W. (Un- 2.) Un-cofre, _v._ to take out of a coffer, S3. (Un- 2.) Un-conabil, _adj._ unsuitable; unkonnabil, H; vncunable, H.—Cp. OF. _covenable_ (BH. 153. 43). Un-conabilly, _adv._ unsuitably, H. Un-conabilnes, _sb._ misbehaviour, H. Un-conabiltes, _sb. pl._ incongruities, H. Vn-conand, _adj._ ignorant, HD, H; vnkunand, H. Vn-conandly, _adv._ ignorantly, H. Un-corrupcioun, _sb._ incorruption, W. Uncuð, _adj._ strange, unknown, S2; see Un-kouth. Un-cweme, _adj._ displeasing, SD: unncweme, S. See Un-yqueme. Undampned, _pp._ uncondemned, W. Un-deedli, _adj._ immortal, W; vndedly, H. Un-deedlynesse, _sb._ immortality, W; undedlynes, WA. Un-defoulid, _pp._ undefiled (= _impollutus_, _immaculatus_), W, WA. Un-dep, _adj._ not deep, S. Under, _prep._, _adv._ during, between, under, underneath, S; onder, SD; undur, W; undir, B. _Phr._: vnder þan, during these things, _interea_, meanwhile, S.—AS. _under_: Goth. _undar_; cp. OHG. _untar_. Under, _sb._ afternoon, CM; see Undern. Under, _v._ to subject, S2. Under-crien, _v._ to cry out; undurcrieden, _pt. pl._ (= _succlamabant_), W. Under-fangen, _v._ to receive, S; underfonge, S; onderuonge, S2; underuongen, S; onderfang, _imp. s._, S; undurfong, _pt. s._, S2; underueng, S2; underfangen, _pp._, S; underuonge, S; underfongen, P; undurfongun, W. Under-fon, _v._ to receive, S; underfo, S; under-uon, S; underfon, _pp._, S.—AS. _under-fón_. Under-giten, _v._ to perceive, understand; underȝiten, SD; underȝeite, S; undergæton, _pt. pl._, S.—AS. _under-gitan_. Under-leggen, _v._ to subject; under-laide, _2 pt. s._, S2. Under-ling, _sb._ a subject, inferior, S, PP. Under-lout, _adj._ subject, H. Under-master, _sb._ usher; undurmaistir (= _paedagogus_), W. Under-mel, _sb._ the afternoon-meal, SD, CM. See Undern. Undern, _sb._ the time between, the time between sunrise and noon, between noon and sunset, a mealtime, S2, C, C2, CM, Voc.; undorne, WA; vndren, S, HD, SD; under, S2; undur, HD; aunder, HD.—AS. _undern_, OS. _undorn_, Icel. _undorn_; cp. OHG. _untorn_ (G. _untern_). Undern-time, _sb._ SD; undrentime, S; undirtime, SD. Under-nymen, _v._ to receive, perceive, reprove, PP; undirnyme, W2; undernimen, S; underneme, _reprehendo_, Prompt.; undernom, _pt. s._, C3; undernumen, _pp._, S; undirnommen, W; undernome, PP. Under-picchen, _v._ to fix underneath; underpyghte, _pt. s._, C3. Under-preost, _sb._ under-priest; unnderr-preost, S. Under-sette, _v._ to place beneath, support, prop up; undursette, W2. Under-standen, _v._ to understand, S; onderstanden, S2; understonden, S, S2; undyrstonde, S2; understant, _pr. s._, S; understont, S; undyrstode, _pt. s._, S2 understoden, _pt. pl._, S; undurstoden, stood under, W2; understande, _pp._, S; understonde, S2; onderstonde, S2. Under-stondingnesse, _sb._ faculty of understanding, S. Under-take, _v._ to undertake, agree, SD; undertoc, _pt. s._, S2; undertok, S. Under-þeod, _sb._ subject, S; underþeoden, _pl._, S; underþiede, S.—AS. _under-þéod_. Under-uon, _v._ to receive, S; see Under-fon. Under-ȝeite, _v._ to learn, discover, S; see Under-giten. Un-digne, _adj._ unworthy, C2.—OF. _undigne_. Un-discreet, _adj._ undiscerning, C2.—OF. _undiscret_. Un-don, _v._ to undo, open, disclose, SD, W; undo, WA; undede, _pt. s._, S2; undude, S, PP; undone, _pp._, S.—AS. _un-dón_. (Un- 2.) Undon, _v._ to undo, destroy, PP. Undoubtabili, _adv._ without doubt, S3. Un-dreh, _adj._ impatient, out of patience, S2. Un-duhtiȝ, _adj._ unworthy; unduhti, S. Un-eað, _adj._ uneasy; uneaðe, S. Un-eaðe, _adv._ scarcely, S; unneðe, S, S2, C2, C3, W; onneaþe, S2; oneþe, S3; uneth, S3, P, WA; unneth, S3. Un-eðes, _adv._ scarcely, WA, S; unnethes, S2, C2, W, H; vnneths, H; vnees, PP. Un-faȝen, _adj._ displeased; unfeyn, S2. Un-fest, _adj._ unstable, S2. Un-festlich, _adj._ unfestive, C2. Un-fete, _adj._ ill-made, bad, S2. (Un- 1.) Un-filabil, _adj._ insatiable, H. (Un- 1.) Un-filed, _pp._ undefiled, S2. Un-flichand, _pp._ unflinching, H. (Un- 1.) Un-forȝolden, _pp._ unrequited, S; unvorgulde, S. Un-freme, _sb._ disadvantage, S.—AS. _unnfremu_. Un-fruytouse, _adj._ unfruitful, W. Un-gert, _pp._ ungirt, G. Un-glad, _adj._ unhappy, S2. Un-happe, _sb._ ill-luck, WA. Un-happy, _adj._ unlucky, S2. Un-hardy, _adj._ not bold, PP. Un-hele, _sb._ sickness, S; misfortune, CM. Un-heled, _pp._ uncovered, WA, PP.—AS. _helian_: OHG. _haljan_. (Un- 2). Un-helðe, _sb._ sickness, S; unhalðe, S. Un-hersumnesse, _sb._ disobedience, S.—AS. _unhýrsumnis_. Un-hillen, _v._ to disclose, S; unhilen, S2, W; onhillin, Prompt.; unhulien, SD, MD; unhiled, _pp._, CM, G, SD, PP; unhuled, S2.—Cp. Goth. _huljan_, OHG. _huljan_, _hullan_. (Un- 2.) Un-hol, _adj._ sick, S.—AS. _un-hál_. Un-hold, _adj._ ungracious, S. Un-ifoȝ, _adj._ innumerable; unnifoȝe, _pl._, S.—AS. _un-gefóg_. Un-imeað, _sb._ want of moderation, S (8 b. 12). Un-imet, _adj._ immense, immeasurable, S; onimete, S.—AS. _un-gemet_. Un-imete, _adv._ immensely, S.—AS. _ungemete_. Un-imeteliche, _adv._ infinitely, S.—AS. _ungemetlice_. Un-iredlice, _adv._ sharply, roughly, S; unrideli, S.—AS. _un-gerýdelice_. Un-isalðe, _sb._ unhappiness, S.—AS. _un-gesǽlð_. Un-iseli, _adj._ unhappy, S.—AS. _un-gesǽlig_. Un-itald, _pp._ unnumbered, S.—AS. _un-geteald_. Universite, _sb._ universe, world, W.—OF. _universite_; Lat. _universitatem_ (Vulg.). Un-iwasse, _pp._ unwashen, S. Unk, _pron. dual._ us both, S; unker, of us both, S.—AS. _unc_, dat. and acc., _uncer_, gen.: Goth. _ugk_, acc., _ugkis_, dat., _ugkara_, gen. Un-kempt, _pp._ uncombed, rough, S3. Un-keuelen, _v._ to ungag, S. (Un- 2.) Un-kouth, _adj._ unknown, strange, PP; unkuð, S; uncuð, S2; uncouthe, _pl._, S2, C2; uncuðe, S; uncoðe, S.—AS. _un-cúð_. Vn-kunnyng, _sb._ ignorance, W; vnkunnyngis, _pl._, W2. Vn-kunnynge, _adj._ unskilful, ignorant, S2, W, W2; unkonnyng, C; vnkonnynge, PP. Un-kunnyngenesse, _sb._ ignorance, W. Un-kynde, _adj._ unnatural, unkind, C2, PP; uncunde, SD. Un-kyndenesse, _sb._ unkindness, C3, PP. Un-kyth, _v._ to hide, S2. (Un- 2). Un-lace, _v._ to unbind, W. (Un- 2.) Un-lappe, _v._ to unfold; onlappyt, _pt. s._, S3. (Un- 2.) Un-lede, _adj._ miserable, wretched, S, SD.—AS. _un-lǽd_: Goth. _un-léds_. Un-leueful, _adj._ not permissible, W; onleefful, _illicitus_, Prompt. Un-leuesum, _adj._ not permissible; onlesum, S3. Un-liche, _adj._ unlike, S. Un-louken, _v._ to unlock, PP; vnloke, _pp._, G. (Un- 2.) Un-lust, _sb._ lack of pleasure, displeasure, SD. Un-lusti, _adj._ unlusty, idle, SD; onlosti, S2. Un-lykynge, _adj._ unfit, improper, scandalous, PP. Un-mayte, _adj._ unmeet, H. _Phr._: in unmayte, unfittingly, H. Un-meoð, _sb._ want of moderation, S; unmeð, S (8 a. 10). See Meth. Un-meuable, _adj._ immovable, W. Un-moebles, _sb. pl._ immovable property, PP.—Cp. OF. _muebles_ (BH); pl. of _mueble_; Late Lat. _mŏbilem_. Un-mylde, _adj._ cruel, W; unmyld, H. Un-nait, _adj._ useless, S2, H. Unnen, _v._ to grant, S; hunne, S; an, _1 pr. s._, S; on, _pr. s._, S; i-unne, _pp._, S.—AS. _unnan_, 1 and 3 pr. s. _ann_, opt. _unne_, pt. _úðe_, pp. _ge-unnen_. Cp. Icel. _unna_, OS. _gi-unnan_, OHG. _gi-unnan_, pt. _onda_ (Otfrid), G. _gönnen_. Unneðe, _adv._ scarcely, S, S2, C2, C3, W; unneth, S3; see Un-eaðe. Unnethes, _adv._ scarcely, S2, C2, W, H; vnneths, H; see Un-eðes. Un-nit, _adj._ useless, S; unnet, S; unnut, S.—AS. _un-nytt_. Un-noble, _adj._ ignoble, W2. Un-noblei, _sb._ ignobleness, W. Un-noyandnes, _sb._ harmlessness, H. Un-obedience, _sb._ disobedience, W. Un-onest, _adj._ dishonourable, W. Un-orne, _adj._ old, worn out, S; unorn, S; unourne, HD.—AS. _un-orne_ (Grein). Un-perfit, _adj._ imperfect, W2; unparfit, PP. Un-pesible, _adj._ unquiet, W. Un-pined, _pp._ untouched by pain, S. Un-pitè, _sb._ want of feeling, W, W2. Un-profit, _sb._ unprofitableness, W. Un-quaynt, _adj._ imprudent, unwise, H. Un-rede, _sb._ bad counsel, folly, mischief, S.—AS. _un-rǽd_. Un-redi, _adj._ not prepared, W; unredy, improvident, PP. Un-repreuable, _adj._ not to be reproved, W. Un-rest, _sb._ restlessness, S3; vnreste, _dat._, C2. Un-resty, _adj._ restless, H; unristy, H. Un-ride, _adj._ harsh, cruel, WA, HD, SD.—AS. _un-_(_ge_)_ryde_ (Luke,