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FRENCH HISTORY The article FRANCE in the Encyclopaedia Britannica includes a section on _History_ (Vol. 10, pp. 801–906) equivalent to 320 pages of this Guide, of which the first part, down to 1870, is by Paul Wiriath, director of the École Supérieure Pratique de Commerce et d’Industrie, Paris, and the part since 1870 is by J. E. C. Bodley, author of _France_, etc. Opposite page 802 are four coloured historical maps showing France at the end of the 10th, 13th and 14th centuries, and the changes in the eastern frontier from 1598 to 1789. The historical part of the article closes with a historiographic section, or critical summary of French historical writing, by Charles Bémont of the University of Paris. Supplementing this main treatment, see: [Sidenote: Early History of France] On prehistoric and Roman France, GAUL (Vol. 11, p. 533), by Prof. F. J. Haverfield, Oxford, the well-known authority on Roman occupation of Britain and Gaul; BIBRACTE, ALESIA, ITIUS PORTUS, DRUIDISM, and, on Caesar’s campaigns, CAESAR, JULIUS; and, on Roman remains, ARLES, NÎMES, ORANGE, ARCHITECTURE, AQUEDUCT, and AMPHITHEATRE. On the Franks, the articles FRANKS (Vol. 11, p. 35) and SALIC LAW (Vol. 24, p. 68), by Prof. Christian Pfister of the Sorbonne; and the articles, AUSTRASIA, MEROVINGIANS, CHILDERIC, CLOVIS, CHILDEBERT, CLOTAIRE, SIGEBERT, CHARIBERT, GUNTRAM, FREDEGOND, BRUNHILDA, CLOTAIRE II, DAGOBERT, PIPPIN I, II and III, EBROIN, CAROLINGIANS, CHARLES MARTEL (Vol. 5, p. 942), CARLOMAN, CHILDERIC; CHARLEMAGNE, ROLAND, EINHARD, ALCUIN; LOUIS I “the Pious,” LOTHAIR (Vol. 17, p. 17); CHARLES II “the Bald” (Vol. 5, p. 897); FEUDALISM; LOUIS II and III; CHARLES III “the Fat” (Vol. 5, p. 898); ODO; LOUIS IV (Vol. 17, p. 35), by Dr. René Poupardin, secretary of the École des Charles; LOTHAIR (Vol. 17, p. 18); BRUNO; LOUIS V. [Sidenote: Medieval France] For the Capetian period, the articles CAPET (Vol. 5, p. 251); ROBERT “the Strong” (Vol. 23, p. 402); HUGH “the Great” (Vol. 13, p. 857); HUGH CAPET (Vol. 13, p. 858); ROBERT “the Pious” (Vol. 23, p. 399); HENRY I (Vol. 13, p. 290); PHILIP I (Vol. 21, p. 378); LOUIS VI (Vol. 17, p. 35), by Prof. J. T. Shotwell, Columbia University; Prof. Shotwell’s article on LOUIS VII; SUGER; ELEANOR OF AQUITAINE (Vol. 9, p. 168); PHILIP AUGUSTUS (Vol. 21, p. 378); INGEBORG; ALBIGENSES; and for French and English relations, RICHARD I and JOHN of England; LOUIS VIII; BLANCHE OF CASTILE (Vol. 4, p. 40); Prof. Shotwell’s article on LOUIS IX “St. Louis”; and the article CRUSADES; PHILIP III “the Bold” (Vol. 21, p. 381); PHILIP IV; BONIFACE VIII; SAISSET; NOGARET; TEMPLARS; LOUIS X; PHILIP V and CHARLES IV. For the Valois line and the history of the period (1328–1498), the article HUNDRED YEARS’ WAR; SLUYS; CRÉCY; and for detail of the war the articles under that head in the chapter _For the Army Officer_ in this Guide; and PHILIP VI (Vol. 21, p. 383); FLANDERS; ARTEVELDE (Jacob and Philip van); DAUPHINÉ; DAUPHIN; GABELLE; JOHN II (Vol. 15, p. 441); POITIERS; MARCEL; LE COQ; STATES GENERAL; CHARLES II of Navarre (Vol. 5, p. 924); CHARLES V (Vol. 5, p. 917); JACQUERIE; DU GUESCLIN; CHARLES VI; ARMAGNAC; ISABELLA of Bavaria (Vol. 14, p. 860); BENEDICT XIII (Vol. 3, p. 718); JOHN “the Fearless” (Vol. 15, p. 445); AGINCOURT; CHARLES VII; ARTHUR III of Brittany (Vol. 2, p. 682); JOAN OF ARC; COEUR; AGNES SOREL (Vol. 25, p. 432); BRÉZÉ; PRAGUERIE; LOUIS XI; BALUE; LE DAIM; LIÈGE, _History_; CHARLES “the Bold” of Burgundy (Vol. 5, p. 932); CHARLES VIII; ANNE of France (Vol. 2, p. 70); ANNE of Brittany (Vol. 2, p. 69). [Sidenote: 16th Century] For the years, 1498–1589, and the Orleans dynasty, LOUIS XII and AMBOISE, by Prof. Jules Isaac of the Lyons Lycée; MARY (Vol. 17, p. 824); FRANCIS I (Vol. 10, p. 934), by Prof. Isaac; LOUISE OF SAVOY; MARIGNANO; PAVIA; MARGUERITE D’ANGOULÊME (Vol. 17, p. 706); ÉTAMPES (Vol. 9, p. 803); DU PRAT, ANNE DE MONTMORENCY (Vol. 18, p. 787); HENRY II (Vol. 13, p. 291); DIANE DE POITIERS; CATHERINE DE’ MEDICI; FRANCIS II; GUISE (Vol. 12, p. 699); L’HÔPITAL; CONDÉ; AMBOISE; ROMORANTIN; HUGUENOTS; CHARLES IX; COLIGNY; SAINT ANDRÉ; ST. BARTHOLOMEW; HENRY III. [Sidenote: The Bourbons] For the Bourbon kings, beginning 1589—BOURBON (with genealogical chart); HENRY IV; Duke of MAYENNE; EDICT OF NANTES (Vol. 19, p. 165); SULLY; LOUIS XIII; MARIE DE’ MEDICI; RICHELIEU, by Prof. J. T. Shotwell, Columbia University; CONCINI; LUYNES; CINQUE-MARS; ROHAN; SOUBISE; JANSENISM; THIRTY YEARS’ WAR; and for leaders and engagements in that conflict the titles listed in the chapter in this Guide entitled _For Army Officers_; LOUIS XIV, by Prof. A. J. Grant of Leeds University; MAZARIN, by Prof. H. Morse Stephens, University of California; MARIE THERÈSE; LA VALLIÈRE; MONTESPAN; MAINTENON; Duc de BEAUFORT; FRONDE; TURENNE; RETZ and LA ROCHEFOUCAULD, by Prof. George Saintsbury of Edinburgh University; FOUQUET; COLBERT, by Prof. J. T. Shotwell, Columbia; CHAMPLAIN; LA SALLE; LOUVOIS; CAMISARDS, by M. Frank Puaux, president of the Socíeté de l’Histoire du Protestantisme Français; JANSENISM, by Viscount St. Cyres; PORT ROYAL; BOSSUET; FENELON; LE TELLIER; GRAND ALLIANCE; and for details of military operations and sketches of commanders the articles enumerated in the chapter in this Guide _For Army Officers_; LOUIS XV; Philip II, Duke of ORLEANS (Vol. 20, p. 286); FLEURY; AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION and SEVEN YEARS’ WAR and articles under these heads in the chapter in this Guide _For Army Officers_; CHATEAUROUX; POMPADOUR; DU BARRY; COMTE D’ ARGENSON (Vol. 2, p. 459), CHOISEUL; MAUPEOU; AIGUILLON. [Sidenote: The Revolution] On the Revolution and the period immediately before it, the articles LOUIS XVI, by Robert Anchel, archivist to the Department de l’Eure; MARIE ANTOINETTE; BEAUMARCHAIS; MAUREPAS; TURGOT; NECKER; VERGENNES; CALONNE; DIAMOND NECKLACE; LOMÉNIE DE BRIENNE; FRENCH REVOLUTION (Vol. 10, p. 154, equivalent to 58 pages of this Guide), by Prof. F. C. Montague, University College, London; DES MOULINS; MIRABEAU; SIEYÈS; DANTON; ROBESPIERRE; MOUNNIER; LA FAYETTE; MONTMORIN DE SAINT-HÉREM; MARAT; CORDAY; TALLEYRAND; ASSIGNATS; NARBONNE-LARA; JACOBINS; GIRONDISTS; ROLAND; BRISSOT; MOUNTAIN; DIRECTORY; BABEUF; FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY WARS; and for battles and leaders in these wars the articles mentioned under this head in the chapter in this Guide _For Army Officers_. [Sidenote: The First Empire] On the Napoleonic period, the articles by J. Holland Rose, author of _Napoleonic Studies_, etc., on NAPOLEON (Vol. 19, p. 190)—equivalent to 65 pages of this Guide, and on the principal figures of the Napoleonic period,—for example, BONAPARTE family, FOUCHÉ, GARDANE, JUNOT; the articles NAPOLEONIC CAMPAIGNS, PENINSULAR WAR and WATERLOO and the articles listed under these two heads in the chapter in this Guide _For Army Officers_. [Sidenote: The Kingdom Again] On the Bourbon restoration, LOUIS XVIII; DECAZES; Duc de RICHELIEU (Vol. 23, p. 302); Duc de BERRY; VILLÈLE; CHARLES X (Vol. 5, p. 921); MARTIGNAC; POLIGNAC; MARMONT. On the revolution of 1830 and the rule of Louis Philippe, the articles LOUIS PHILIPPE (Vol. 17, p. 51); CAVAIGNAC; THIERS; GUIZOT; CONSTANT; CASIMIR PÉRIER; LAFITTE; BARROT; DUPONT DE L’EURE; BERRYER; SAINT-SIMON; FOURIER; LAMENNAIS; LOUIS BLANC; MOLÉ. [Sidenote: The Second Empire] On the revolution of 1848 and the second Empire, besides most of the articles in the preceding paragraph, NAPOLEON III, by Albert Thomas, author of _The Second Empire_; CRÉMIEUX; LEDRU-ROLLIN; CARNOT; GARNIER-PAGÈS; MONTALEMBERT; OLLIVIER; ROUHER; FAVRE; PICARD; CRIMEAN WAR; ITALIAN WARS; FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR; and articles listed under those heads in the chapter in this Guide _For Army Officers_; EUGÈNIE; MAXIMILIAN of Mexico (Vol. 17, p. 924). [Sidenote: Modern Times] On the Third Republic, 1870 and the following years, the story in Vol. 10, pp. 873–904 (equivalent to 100 pages of this Guide) is to be supplemented by the articles THIERS; RÉMUSAT; SIMON; BARTHÉLEMY; BROGLIE; MACMAHON; DUFAURE; GRÈVY; FERRY; GAMBETTA; FREYCINET; CHAMBORD; CLÉMENCEAU; BRISSON; BOULANGER; CARNOT; LOUBET; LESSEPS; CASIMIR-PÉRIER; FAURE; RIBOT; MÉLINE; WALDECK-ROUSSEAU; DREYFUS; DUPUY; RIBOT; GALLIFFET; JAURÈS; MILLERAND; COMBES; DELCASSÉ; ROUVIER; PELLETAN; BRIAND; LEMIRE; FALLIÈRES; POINCARÉ.