Enquire within upon everything by Robert Kemp Philp

The following rules will be found of great assistance in writing, because they relate to a class of words about the spelling of which doubt and hesitation are frequently felt: i. All words of one syllable ending in _l_, with a single vowel before it, have double _l_ at the close; as, _mill_, _sell_. ii. All words of one syllable ending in _l_, with a double vowel before it, have one _l_ only at the close: as, _mail_, _sail_. iii. Words of one syllable ending in _l_, when compounded, retain but one _l_ each; as, _fulfil_, _skilful_. iv. Words of more than one syllable ending in _l_ have one _l_ only at the close; as, _delightful_, _faithful_; except _befall_, _downfall_, _recall_, _unwell_, &c. v. All derivatives from words ending in _l_ have one _l_ only; as, _equality_, from _equal_; _fulness_, from _full_; except they end in _er_ or _ly_; as, _mill_, _miller_; _full_, _fully_. vi. All participles in _ing_ from verbs ending in _e_ lose the _e_ final; as _have, having; amuse, amusing;_ unless they come from verbs ending in double _e_, and then they retain, both; as, _see, seeing; agree, agreeing._ vii. All adverbs in _ly_ and nouns in _ment_ retain the _e_ final of the primitives; as, _brave, bravely; refine, refinement;_ except _acknowledgment, judgment,_ &c. viii. All derivatives from words ending in _er_ retain the _e_ before the _r;_ as, _refer, reference;_ except _hindrance,_ from _hinder; remembrance_ from _remember; disastrous_ from _disaster; monstrous_ from _monster; wondrous_ from _wonder; cumbrous_ from _cumber,_ &c. ix. Compound words, if both end not in _i_, retain their primitive parts entire; as, _millstone, changeable, graceless;_ except _always, also, deplorable, although, almost, admirable,_ &c. x. All words of one syllable ending in a consonant, with a single vowel before it, double that consonant in derivatives; as, _sin, sinner; ship, shipping; big, bigger; glad, gladder,_ &c. xi. Words of one syllable ending in a consonant, with a double vowel before it, do not double the consonant in derivatives: as, _sleep, sleepy; troop, troopers._ xii. All words of more than one syllable ending in a single consonant, preceded by a single vowel, and accented on the last syllable, double that consonant in derivatives; as, _commit, committee; compel, compelled; appal, appalling; distil, distiller._ xiii. Nouns of one syllable ending in _y_ preceded by a consonant, change _y_ into _ies_ in the plural; and verbs ending in _y_, preceded by a consonant, change _y_ into _ies_ in the third person singular of the present tense, and into _ied_ in the past tense and past participle, as, _fly, flies; I apply, he applies; we reply, we replied, or have replied._ If the _y_ be preceded by a vowel, this rule is not applicable; as _key, keys; I play, he plays;_ we have _enjoyed_ ourselves. xiv. Compound words whose primitives end in _y_ change _y_ into _i_; as, _beauty, Beautiful; lovely, loveliness._